44,064 results
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52. When gullibility becomes us: exploring the cultural roots of Indonesians’ susceptibility to investment fraud
- Author
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Prabowo, Hendi Yogi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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53. Instructions as a Determinant of Paper-Disposal Behaviors
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Geller, E. Scott
- Abstract
Customers entering two grocery stores were given handbills listing specifically priced items of the week. This study investigated the relationship between the various disposal locations within the stores and the nature of the instructions printed at the bottom of the handbills. Results are detailed. (BT)
- Published
- 1976
54. The Value System, Code for Conduct and Levels of Social Interaction in a Midwestern Middle-Class American Community. Working Paper #96.
- Author
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Schulz, Carol M.
- Abstract
An ethnographic sketch of a small, Midwestern, middle-class American community emphasizes the shared value system, the derived code of conduct and an analysis of the three levels of social interaction and their respective functions. Data were gathered over a two-year period of field work, including ten months of intensive observation of the town, a quiet, semi-rural, racially unmixed community of about 1200, with a strong Christian orientation. The community's values have given rise to a moral order that implies a basically Christian code of conduct consisting of four major principles of prescribed behavior: Fairness, Control, Doing Good Deeds, and Doing One's Best. These principles are inviolate and the high degree of social conformity in itself controls and maintains the moral order. The code is not, however, synonymous with the community's actual behavior which exists on three levels: the non-emotional, overt personal interaction level where appearances are everything, the illusion of strong social cohesion is fostered, and conflict is minimized; the covert level, e.g., gossip, where transgressions are aired; and the intimate level, where a person can "be himself". The town is described geographically, politcally, economically, and philosphically in terms of its values. (SB)
- Published
- 1975
55. Influence of perceived threat of Covid-19 and HEXACO personality traits on toilet paper stockpiling
- Author
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Theo Toppe, Lisa Garbe, and Richard Rau
- Subjects
Male ,Economics ,Emotions ,Social Sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Hoarding ,Geographical Locations ,Empirical research ,Sociology ,Resource Management ,Psychology ,Big Five personality traits ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,05 social sciences ,Social Communication ,Hygiene ,COVID-19 ,Social communication ,Personality ,Personality traits ,Behavior ,Europe ,Pandemics ,Bathroom Equipment ,Anxiety ,Medicine ,Hoarding (economics) ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,Social psychology ,Research Article ,Adult ,Paper ,Personality Tests ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Science ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Models, Psychological ,050105 experimental psychology ,Emotionality ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Consumer behaviour ,Personality Traits ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Conscientiousness ,Consumer Behavior ,Communications ,Personality Differences ,North America ,People and Places ,Stockpiles - Abstract
Following the fast spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) across Europe and North America in March 2020, many people started stockpiling commodities like toilet paper. Despite the high relevance for public authorities to adequately address stockpiling behavior, empirical studies on the psychological underpinnings of toilet paper stockpiling are still scarce. In this study, we investigated the relation between personality traits, perceived threat of Covid-19, and stockpiling of toilet paper in an online survey (N = 996) across 22 countries. Results suggest that people who felt more threatened by Covid-19 stockpiled more toilet paper. Further, a predisposition towards Emotionality predicted the perceived threat of Covid-19 and affected stockpiling behavior indirectly. Finally, Conscientiousness was related to toilet paper stockpiling, such that individuals higher in Conscientiousness tended to stockpile more toilet paper. These results emphasize the importance of clear communication by public authorities acknowledging anxiety and, at the same time, transmitting a sense of control.
- Published
- 2020
56. Dynamic neurogenomic responses to social interactions and dominance outcomes in female paper wasps
- Author
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Sara E. Miller, Christopher M. Jernigan, Floria M. K. Uy, Natalie C. Zaba, Michael J. Sheehan, and Eshan Mehrotra
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Genome, Insect ,Wasps ,Gene Expression ,Social Sciences ,Insect ,QH426-470 ,Cognition ,Learning and Memory ,Sociology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,Genetics (clinical) ,media_common ,Behavior, Animal ,Brain ,Genomics ,Aggression ,Dominance (ethology) ,Social system ,Long Term Memory ,Social Systems ,Female ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,Transcriptome Analysis ,Research Article ,Social status ,Polistes fuscatus ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Foraging ,Social stimuli ,Biology ,Ocular System ,Memory ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Social Behavior ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Paper wasp ,Behavior ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Genome Analysis ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Evolutionary biology ,Cognitive Science ,Optic Lobes ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Social interactions have large effects on individual physiology and fitness. In the immediate sense, social stimuli are often highly salient and engaging. Over longer time scales, competitive interactions often lead to distinct social ranks and differences in physiology and behavior. Understanding how initial responses lead to longer-term effects of social interactions requires examining the changes in responses over time. Here we examined the effects of social interactions on transcriptomic signatures at two times, at the end of a 45-minute interaction and 4 hours later, in female Polistes fuscatus paper wasp foundresses. Female P. fuscatus have variable facial patterns that are used for visual individual recognition, so we separately examined the transcriptional dynamics in the optic lobe and the non-visual brain. Results demonstrate much stronger transcriptional responses to social interactions in the non-visual brain compared to the optic lobe. Differentially regulated genes in response to social interactions are enriched for memory-related transcripts. Comparisons between winners and losers of the encounters revealed similar overall transcriptional profiles at the end of an interaction, which significantly diverged over the course of 4 hours, with losers showing changes in expression levels of genes associated with aggression and reproduction in paper wasps. On nests, subordinate foundresses are less aggressive, do more foraging and lay fewer eggs compared to dominant foundresses and we find losers shift expression of many genes in the non-visual brain, including vitellogenin, related to aggression, worker behavior, and reproduction within hours of losing an encounter. These results highlight the early neurogenomic changes that likely contribute to behavioral and physiological effects of social status changes in a social insect., Author summary Aggressive interactions often create inequalities–some individuals win while others lose. Winning versus losing can lead to large physiological differences between individuals, including different neurogenomic profiles between winners and losers. How this information about contest outcome leads to distinct neurogenomic profiles is poorly understood. Here we examine gene expression in response to aggressive social encounters in paper wasps, which naturally form dominance hierarchies on their nests in the wild. Shortly following encounters winners and losers have similar expression profiles, likely because similar mechanisms are engaged by social experiences. Four hours later, we find divergent neurogenomic profiles between winners and losers, with losers showing larger shifts in expression compared to winners. Many of the most dynamically expressed genes have been previously associated with dominance and caste differences in paper wasps showing how a single interaction can engage many of the same genomic networks that are involved in mediating more dramatic differences in queen-worker behavioral differences are also involved in responses shortly following social interactions.
- Published
- 2021
57. Frame-Based Models of Communities and Their History
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Allen, Robert B., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Nadamoto, Akiyo, editor, Jatowt, Adam, editor, Wierzbicki, Adam, editor, and Leidner, Jochen L., editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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58. Virtual Transborder Service Learning as a Transformative Educational Pedagogy: A California, USA - Baja California, Mexico Academic Partnership in Sustainable Tourism
- Author
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Katie Dudley, Vinod Sasidharan, Marisa Reyes-Orta, and Jose T. Olague
- Abstract
Service learning (SL) engages students in intentional, collaborative service experiences that promote civic citizenship. The COVID-19 pandemic forced traditional face-to-face SL courses to transition into virtual service learning (e-SL). This paper examines the academic and civic outcomes of an e-SL binational sustainable tourism course for undergraduate students. The course was designed to deliver disciplinary knowledge in sustainable tourism and transborder civic citizenship competencies in the following areas: 1) Ethos, 2) Literacy, 3) Inquiry, 4) Action, 5) Leadership, and 6) Partnership. A post-course student survey was deployed to assess student perspectives regarding the achievement of course outcomes. The findings revealed significant (positive) academic and civic transformations among the students due to the intentionality of the e-SL course design and implementation. Results indicate that e-SL in sustainable tourism education can be an effective pedagogy for inculcating civic learning, responsibility, and engagement among students and future professionals in the field of tourism.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
59. Information Activity in Serious Leisure
- Author
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Hartel, Jenna, Cox, Andrew M., and Griffin, Brian L.
- Abstract
Background: In the past decade, scholars of information science have started to conduct research on information behaviour in serious leisure. Presently, these studies lack common concepts and terms and empirical discoveries are not easy to assemble into theory. Aim: This conceptual and methodological paper surveys the aforementioned research area and introduces Anders Hektor's model of information behaviour in conjunction with the serious leisure perspective as a means to systematically study information behaviour in serious leisure. Method: Three methods are employed. The first is a selective literature review and intellectual history of research into information behaviour in serious leisure. The second is a conceptual analysis of Hektor's model that relates its key features to the serious leisure perspective. The third consists of a deductive audit of three forms of serious leisure (the liberal arts hobby, amateur musicianship, and the hobby of running), utilising the frameworks, concepts, and terms outlined in the paper. Results: Studies of information behaviour in serious leisure have increased and deepened in the past decade, largely through idiographic case studies. Hektor's model of information behaviour, with its locus in everyday life and precise delineation of eight information activities, can complement such research designs. A deductive audit guided by Hektor's model illuminated information activities within the three forms of serious leisure and enabled comparative observations. Conclusions: When combined with the serious leisure perspective, Hektor's model enables research that is comparative and more precise. However, the extent to which this model captures physical or embodied information should be further examined. [Paper presented at the Information Seeking in Context (ISIC): The Information Behaviour Conference, Part 1 (11th, Zadar, Croatia, September 20-23, 2016).]
- Published
- 2016
60. Hormones and behaviour: discussion paper.
- Author
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Donovan BT
- Subjects
- Aging, Emotions, Female, Humans, Immune System physiology, Male, Neuropeptides physiology, Premenstrual Syndrome, Sexual Behavior, Behavior, Gonadal Steroid Hormones physiology
- Published
- 1987
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61. Behavioural Screening and Selection Through Affinity: The Case of Polygyny in Paper Wasps (Polistes dominulus)
- Author
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Gervet, Jacques and Theraulaz, Guy
- Subjects
International Journal of Comparative Psychology ,Behavior ,Behaviour ,Behavioral Taxonomy ,Learning ,Cognition ,Cognitive Processes ,Screening ,Selection ,Affinity ,Case ,Polygyny ,Wasp - Abstract
An evolutionary model for emergence of polygynous foundation in polistine paperwasps is proposed. Adapted from Hamilton's model, the model is based on selection through affinity, a process of genetic assortment. This would involve selective association of founding wasps on the basis of common possession of a behavioural trait. The model, therefore, invokes a form of behavioural screening in a genetically heterogeneous population. The validity of the hypothesis and the nature of the trait concerned are considered in relation to observations on formation of Polistine polygynous associations and between species comparisons.
- Published
- 1990
62. Architectural Design of Component-Based Agents: A Behavior-Based Approach
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Briot, Jean-Pierre, Meurisse, Thomas, Peschanski, Frédéric, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, J\'org, editor, Bordini, Rafael H., editor, Dastani, Mehdi, editor, Dix, Jürgen, editor, and Seghrouchni, Amal El Fallah, editor
- Published
- 2007
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63. Motivations as predictors of religious tourism: the Muslim pilgrimage to the city of Mecca
- Author
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Hassan, Tahani, Carvache-Franco, Mauricio, Carvache-Franco, Wilmer, and Carvache-Franco, Orly
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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64. Depressive mood and compulsive social media usage: the mediating roles of contingent self-esteem and social interaction fears
- Author
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Ali, Fayaz, Tauni, Muhammd Zubair, Ashfaq, Muhammad, Zhang, Qingyu, and Ahsan, Tanveer
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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65. Onlife Identity: The Question of Gender and Age in Teenagers' Online Behaviour
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Serrate-Gonzalez, Sara, Sanchez-Rojo, Alberto, Andrade-Silva, Luis-E, and Muñoz-Rodriguez, Jose-Manuel
- Abstract
The presence of cyberspace in the lives of young people is such that we can no longer distinguish between online and offline spheres. They live a process of onlife development that is not always equitable in terms of gender. This paper aims to account for the online behaviour of Spanish adolescents according to gender and age, the decisions they make when constructing their virtual identity, and the effects that this has on them. A quantitative study has been carried out at a national level (N=2,076, 12-18 years old) following a non-experimental ex post facto design by means of a survey study. The results show that there are gender differences in the preference for one or other social network. A high percentage of girls make different choices when it comes to their online presence. Unlike boys, girls state that their virtual self and their behaviour significantly influence the opinion that they have of themselves and their need to feel integrated. In conclusion, the decisions that adolescents make when creating their virtual selves do not only have negative consequences derived from poor management, but are also plagued by mandates and stereotypes that determine how they should be and what they should do online; something that is especially pressing for girls.
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- 2023
66. Study on the Assessment Scale of a Driver’s Risk Awareness in China
- Author
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Zhang, Qiong, Fu, Rui, Guo, Yu-xi, Guo, Ying-shi, Yuan, Wei, and Zhang, Wei, editor
- Published
- 2012
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67. Circulating hemocytes from larvae of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae).
- Author
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Manfredini, Fabio, Dallai, Romano, and Ottaviani, Enzo
- Subjects
BLOOD cells ,PAPER wasps ,LARVAE ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,CELLS - Abstract
Abstract: Circulating hemocytes from larval stages of the paper wasp Polistes dominulus were characterized by light and transmission electron microscopy. Three types were identified: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes. The first two are agranular cells while the latter present typical cytoplasmic inclusions called granules. Plasmatocytes differ from prohemocytes being larger, showing lower nucleus/cytoplasm ratio and they possess many phagolysosomes. The substantial uniformity of most subcellular features and the presence of “intermediate forms” support the “single-cell theory” i.e., there is only one cell line that originates from the prohemocyte and leads to the granular cell passing through the plasmatocyte. This hypothesis seems to be confirmed by functional tests. Indeed, most part of cells adheres to the glass and is able to phagocytize fluorescent microspheres. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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68. Exploring Children's Values Questionnaire: Measurement, Gender, and Age Issues
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Fyffe, Loyd Richard and Hay, Ian
- Abstract
Values are conceptualized as the standards individuals use to determine the status of events and actions and are considered to influence individuals' behaviours, reasoning, and perceptions. Based on a synthesis of six school-based student values enhancement programs, this paper reports on the development of the Children's Values Questionnaire (CVQ). This Questionnaire was conceptualized as composing of seven dimensions: Self-Concept; Behaviour; Healthy Life; Social; School Climate; Emotional Intelligence; World View and 26 related sub-dimensions. A total of 848 co-educational students (52% male, 48% female) from Years (Grades) 4 to 7, ages 9 to 13+ years, across 11 Australian schools completed the 95-item CVQ Questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the instrument was 0.94, indicating that the questionnaire had good internal consistency. The inter-correlation between its seven dimensions clustered at Pearson r = 0.55. An exploratory factor analysis was supportive of the CVQ's theoretical construct (Norm Fit Index of the data to the theoretical construct, 0.09). Girls rated themselves higher than boys (p < 0.001) on items related to Playing by the Rules, Responsibility, Creativity, Empathy, and Communication, and boys rated themselves higher than girls on Physical Activities items (p < 0.001). Older students (Years 6 and 7) compared to younger students (Years 4 and 5) demonstrated greater discernment and differentiation of context (p < 0.05), the growing influence of peer friendship in their value beliefs and an increase in confidence in social settings (p < 0.001). The relationship of the CVQ to Schwartz's Universal Valued Goals is reported in the paper, along with examples of the application of the CVQ in schools.
- Published
- 2021
69. Work-Family Conflict during Working from Home Due to Pandemic: A Qualitative Research on Female Teachers
- Author
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Kara, Sultan Bilge Keskinkiliç, Günes, Demet Zafer, and Tüysüzer, Buse Sentürk
- Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate the work-family conflict experienced by female teachers working from home due to COVID-19. The case study was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of teachers who are married and have children, working from home due to the pandemic process, working in Istanbul. 17 female teachers who met the criteria of teaching by distance education, being married and having children constituted the study group of the study. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used to collect the data. Thematic analysis technique was used in analyzing the data. According to the findings, the work-family conflict experienced by female teachers working from home during the pandemic process was grouped under three themes: time-based, strain-based and behavior-based conflict. Most of the female teachers working from home stated that they could not get administrative support during the distance education process. On the other hand, it was found that female teachers were emotionally tired during the process of working from home, their job satisfaction decreased, they were stressed, they had low motivation, and they had balancing concerns between home and work. [This article was presented at International Conference on Lifelong Education and Leadership for All (ICLEL 2020).]
- Published
- 2021
70. The Potential Enrichment of Social/Personality Psychology through Feminist Research, and Vice Versa.
- Author
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Lott, Bernice
- Abstract
Although many colleges offer programs in women's studies, research on the psychology of women has very low visibility in professional journals. Feminist research can enrich the discipline of social and personality psychology through its unique orientation and methodology. Gender must be viewed as both a characteristic of participants in a situation and a stimulus to which persons respond. Both men and women must be used in research samples in order to derive conclusions about all of human behavior. Gender stereotypes must be separated from definitions of good functioning and mental health. To date, uniquely female roles, behaviors, and occupations remain relatively unstudied, due to the tendency to study women in terms of their relationships to men. The study of behavior must acknowledge the differences in status and power between the sexes. Feminist research must examine new sources of information from ethological/observational modes as opposed to laboratory studies of social behavior. Behavior should be studied as a function of both the person and the context. In reporting gender differences, the feminist researcher must take into account the magnitude of effect along with statistical significance and the traditional values and language used in the male dominated field. Feminist theory's response to gender differences is still in its infancy. Both social factors and life experiences have created a women's culture with both historical and contemporary significance. However, caution must be employed in focusing on women's uniqueness as it may lead back to gender stereotypes, while ignoring within-gender variability. Feminist theory can aid social/personality psychology by forcing a revolution in scholarship directed toward change. (BL)
- Published
- 1983
71. The Role of Iconic Gestures in Production and Comprehension of Language: Evidence from Brain and Behavior
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Özyürek, Asli, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Kopp, Stefan, editor, and Wachsmuth, Ipke, editor
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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72. Metacognition's Potential for Existentialism in Classrooms
- Author
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Nesrin Ozturk
- Abstract
The instrumentality and standardization of education may be important for functioning in contemporary societies. However, reducing education to measurable competencies may result in the loss of human value. Indeed, education becomes real when it relates to the reality of individuals. Existentialist education focuses on students' freedom and agency; however, it is criticized for not having coherent and convincing educational guides. This analytical comparison paper argues that the premises of Existentialism and the components of metacognition may interact. While metacognitive awareness and thinking for essence lays the ground for individuality and autonomy, metacognitive knowledge relates to self-knowledge and not accepting ready-made concepts through self-questioning and dialogic encounters. Also, metacognitive experiences might mimic existential crises where individuals engage in highly conscious thinking during which metacognitive knowledge and regulation simultaneously help the individual deal with failure or anxiety. During such experiences, metacognitive regulation might facilitate individuals' free choices and responsible engagement when building the self or handling difficulties. In this sense, enhancing metacognition may help individuals' transition to the existing phase by building adequate self-knowledge and regulating thinking. This paper, finally, describes a set of pedagogies for fostering metacognition that could potentially facilitate existential attitudes or behaviors in mainstream classrooms.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
73. A New Pathway towards Retirement Preparation: Integration of Holistic Life Planning
- Author
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Dayang Kartini Abang Ibrahim and Nor Wahiza Abdul Wahat
- Abstract
This is a concept paper to review the needs of holistic life planning as a new pathway towards retirement preparation. It is based on the review of literature on the importance of this knowledge to fulfil individual successful planning and preparation for retirement. It includes the review on a planning process theory by Friedman and Scholnick (1997) which provides the basis for generation of retirement preparation. Meanwhile Hansen's Integrative Live Planning (ILP) theory is embedded within the theoretical framework to help better understanding on the domains of planning and preparation for retirement. The purpose is to develop a theoretical model for measuring employees' retirement preparation in government organizations. The primary problem in retirement preparation is the lack of theory to show the development of retirement preparation process. Although prior research has theories explained on retirement thoughts, behaviors, attitudes or goals undertaken to fulfil the retirement preparation, none of it measures applied in the studies were established to directly test the theories according to the process and development of retirement. According to the process theory, individuals acquire an understanding of the problem, goals will be set in making a decision to start preparing and finally behaviors is considered necessary to fulfil the goals (Noone et al., 2009). This raises intriguing questions: What factors influence retirement preparation? Which stages in retirement planning and preparation require intervention and support? (Noone et al., 2009) Which domain in life is significant to retirement preparation? The theory is discussed throughout the paper in the context of the needs of retirement preparation. This paper would be useful for policy makers, practitioners and employees in considering their own retirement preparation for future well-being.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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74. Partner choice correlates with fine scale kin structuring in the paper wasp Polistes dominula
- Author
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Paul J. Parsons, Jeremy Field, and Lena Grinsted
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Topography ,Heredity ,Wasps ,NERC ,Social Sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Nesting Behavior ,Habits ,Nest ,Psychology ,Inbreeding ,Islands ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Behavior, Animal ,biology ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Eusociality ,Spring ,Databases as Topic ,Physical Sciences ,NE/M003191/1 ,Medicine ,Female ,Seasons ,Research Article ,Statistical Distributions ,Kin recognition ,Permutation ,Science ,Population ,Cuticular Hydrocarbons ,Insect Physiology ,Polistes dominula ,NE/K00655X/1 ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Nesting Habits ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Animal Physiology ,Animals ,Social Behavior ,education ,General ,Invertebrate Physiology ,Paper wasp ,Evolutionary Biology ,Behavior ,Landforms ,Population Biology ,Discrete Mathematics ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Biology and Life Sciences ,RCUK ,Geomorphology ,Probability Theory ,biology.organism_classification ,Statistical Dispersion ,030104 developmental biology ,Natal homing ,Combinatorics ,Evolutionary biology ,Earth Sciences ,Philopatry ,Zoology ,Entomology ,Population Genetics ,Mathematics - Abstract
Cooperation among kin is common in animal societies. Kin groups may form by individuals directly discriminating relatives based on kin recognition cues, or form passively through natal philopatry and limited dispersal. We describe the genetic landscape for a primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes dominula, and ask whether individuals choose cooperative partners that are nearby and/or that are genetic relatives. Firstly, we genotyped an entire sub-population of 1361 wasps and found genetic structuring on an extremely fine scale: the probability of finding genetic relatives decreases exponentially within just a few meters of an individual’s nest. At the same time, however, we found a lack of genetic structuring between natural nest aggregations within the population. Secondly, in a separate dataset where ~2000 wasps were genotyped, we show that wasps forced experimentally to make a new nest choice tended to choose new nests near to their original nests, and that these nests tended to contain some full sisters. However, a significant fraction of wasps chose nests that did not contain sisters, despite sisters being present in nearby nests. Although we cannot rule out a role for direct kin recognition or natal nest-mate recognition, our data suggest that kin groups may form via a philopatric rule-of-thumb, whereby wasps simply select groups and nesting sites that are nearby. The result is that most subordinate helpers obtain indirect fitness benefits by breeding cooperatively.
- Published
- 2019
75. Factors Influencing Role Behaviors by Professional Exemplars in Hospitals
- Author
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Bolding, Deborah J.
- Abstract
This basic qualitative study explored factors that influenced the development of professional role behaviors of nurses, occupational and physical therapists who were characterized as exemplars in the acute hospital setting. The participants, four occupational therapists, four nurses, and four physical therapists were interviewed using a semi-structured format, and the interviews were analyzed to determine themes. Participant selection was based on manager and colleague recommendations, knowledge, skills, experience, certifications, teaching abilities, leadership, participation in research or advocacy programs, and membership in professional organizations. Ten participants had presented posters or sessions at conferences. Most of the exemplars had volunteered on a short-term basis for community programs, and one was a volunteer for a community health clinic. Six of the 12 participants had earned post-professional degrees, and nine participants had earned one or more certificates related to advanced knowledge and skills in their practice areas. Professional behaviors appeared to be influenced by personal values and opportunities in the practice setting, and to a lesser extent by views of professionalism learned in academic setting or through professional organizations. The group exhibited values and traits for learning, advocacy, taking risks to reach goals, care, and commitment. Support for development came from family, mentors, colleagues, managers and colleagues. Tangible support in terms of money for education or paid time off was important for supporting activities, but not essential. Exemplars appeared to have the same pressures as their colleagues--managing work, families, relationships, and finding balance, but professional activities were also a priority. Barriers to participation in professional role behaviors included family obligations and sometimes lack of support from managers and colleagues. The exemplars had little memory of learning about professionalism in entry-level academic programs. Professional organizations were viewed as important for providing education; with only a limited recognition of the obligations professionals have toward professional governance. Several models, including self-directed learning, possible selves, theory of planned behavior, communities of practice, and management/leadership styles were used to help understand and explain the development of professional role behaviors. The most influential model appeared to be self-directed learning, although the others were influential for understanding how professional behaviors might be developed and strengthened. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2013
76. Facial Masks and Student Engagement in Early Childhood and Exceptional Student Education Classrooms
- Author
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Frahm, Anna, Szente, Judit, and Roberts, Sherron Killingsworth
- Abstract
During the advancement of COVID-19, many safety protocols, including facial masks, were incorporated into public settings. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2021), due to safety regulations, recommended wearing face masks when in close contact with other people in public environments, such as in a classroom, where social distancing was difficult. Many industries smoothly transitioned to daily use of traditional cloth masks, but other industries that served children sought masking alternatives. This study examined related research to explore whether wearing masks had any impact on student engagement, particularly in Early Childhood Education (ECE) and Education of Students with Exceptionalities (ESE) settings. The synthesis of research here suggested that masks influenced children's engagement, including intellectual, emotional, social, behavioral, and physical aspects, and recommended the use of transparent masks with young children and children with exceptionalities. The paper also provides recommendations for future research.
- Published
- 2023
77. Motivational Factors for Empowering People with Diabetes and the Influence of Perceived Self-Efficacy
- Author
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Lyngbye, Marie and Møller, Anders K.
- Abstract
In this study, we apply theories about self-efficacy, empowerment and motivation to account for the phenomena that people with diabetes Mellitus type 1 express as being influential for people with diabetes' behaviour regarding self-regulation. They must make significant changes to their lifestyle, to keep the disease stabilized. The changes can be cumbersome and hard to implement why people with diabetes receive training in self-regulation. For many people it can be challenging to comply with the recommendations. We conducted field observations and surveys to understand how people with diabetes experience their perceived self-efficacy, and what motivates them to perform blood sugar measurements and physical activities. We found differences in people with diabetes' ability to follow the recommendation based on gender, motivation, and their level of self-efficacy. We also found indications on how a motivational dialog may affect both professionals and people with diabetes. Thus, we suggest that guidance of people with diabetes should be based on an emancipating motivational approach such enabling the possibility of strengthening the people with diabetes' motivation and thereby their self-efficacy. Through these processes, the people with diabetes may become able to achieve a higher level of health literacy such experiencing a better outcome of their self-regulation. With this paper we contribute to the contemporary overall knowledge about the diabetes field, such our investigation focus on people with diabetes ability to act upon information provided by healthcare professionals and how to best approach the issues people with diabetes experience as being essential for their general well-being and everyday lives.
- Published
- 2023
78. Facilitation of Value Creation in Professional Learning Networks
- Author
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Max Aangenendt, Ellen Sjoer, and Christian Wallner
- Abstract
Professional learning networks (PLN) in Higher Education represent new social configurations for networked workplaces in which education, research and innovation can be combined. Here academic staff engages with others outside of their everyday organisational community. This study identifies and conceptualizes essential behaviours that facilitators of professional learning networks use to promote value creation of various kinds. The two-phase study started with an empirical field study on the value creation stories of 11 participants within 3 professional networks to investigate essential facilitator behaviours. A panel study including 30 researchers, lecturers and practitioners representing a wide range of learning and innovation networks, was conducted to validate and enrich the findings derived from the field study. From the field study 54 facilitator behaviours were identified. The panel study raised 68 complementary statements on essential facilitator behaviours. Qualitative data analysis lead to five themes of facilitator behaviour. Facilitators? contributions to value creation in networked workplace contexts can be understood as the interplay of five foci of facilitative behaviour: 1. relationship, 2. space, 3. ownership, 4. direction, 5. result. Findings concerning facilitator behaviours are synthesised in an conceptualisation of the process dynamic of value creation in networked workplaces: The Facilitator Compass. This paper provides insight on what plays a major role in the success of professional networks: the way they are facilitated. While the role of a facilitator is acknowledged in literature and in practice, this study adds to the knowledge base by showing how academic staff can navigate for value creation in networked workplaces.
- Published
- 2023
79. The Mediating Role of Organisational Learning Capabilities between Workplace Happiness and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour
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Preeti Goel and Animesh Singh
- Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to examine whether happiness at workplace (HAW) impacts organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and whether this impact can be further improved by promoting learning capabilities in organisations, thus investigating the mediating role of organisational learning capabilities (OLC). Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted on knowledge-intensive workers (employees of EdTech companies) in India. Responses were collected via questionnaire in online mode, and after discarding the incomplete responses, 500 replies were considered for data analysis with PLS-SEM technique. Findings: The outcomes reveal that the HAW has a significant influence on OCB. The outcomes also reveal that this impact is further enhanced with the presence of OLC, thus confirming that OLC operates as a mediator in the link connecting HAW and OCB. Originality/value: This study makes a distinctive contribution by bringing out the significance of workplace learning in the connection between the workplace happiness and citizenship behaviour of employees that will provide impetus to the practitioners to formulate strategies in such a manner that the employees voluntarily perform the actions beyond their designated roles.
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- 2024
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80. How Mathematical Dispositions of Adult Learners Play a Role in Their STEM Choices
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Molly M. Jameson
- Abstract
Mathematical dispositions, or an individual's behavioral (i.e., things they say and do), cognitive (i.e., attention and memory), and affective (i.e., emotions and beliefs) tendencies related to mathematics, are critical to the learning of mathematics and choices related to STEM. Previous research has suggested that adult learners may possess unproductive mathematical dispositions, such as high math anxiety and low math self-efficacy. This paper argues that unproductive mathematical dispositions may serve as a barrier to adult learners' STEM choices and provides strategies and techniques to help move adult learners towards productive mathematical dispositions and potentially stronger attraction to STEM fields.
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- 2024
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81. Assessment of Sustainability Awareness and Practice in a Campus Community
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Eric Urbaniak, Rebecca Uzarski, and Salma Haidar
- Abstract
Purpose: This research paper aims to evaluate the sustainability knowledge and background of students, staff and faculty regarding current university sustainability practices and individual behaviors at Central Michigan University (CMU); to compare sustainability background and knowledge based on academic discipline of enrollment or employment; and to assess sustainability awareness and interest of the campus community to guide future sustainability initiatives and resources at CMU. Design/methodology/approach: An electronic cross-sectional survey was used to collect anonymous responses through Qualtrics, and then results were analyzed through SPSS. Analyses were performed based on the academic structures at CMU. Findings: This research has found that students in STEM fields are more inclined to have pro-sustainability attitudes, knowledge and behaviors, compared to those studying the arts and business. Additionally, results indicate that there is a significant difference in knowledge between the students, and the staff and faculty respondents regarding sustainability knowledge and application, with the staff and faculty consistently demonstrating more pro-sustainability knowledge and behavior. Originality/value: While research has previously been conducted on sustainability attitudes and behaviors, this research is unique because it ties sustainability knowledge to academic discipline. Additionally, it serves to gauge which sustainability programs and topics members of the campus community are most interested in, and which areas they are most willing to support.
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- 2024
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82. Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence System's Aptitude to Judge Morality and Competence amidst the Rise of Chatbots
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Manuel Oliveira, Justus Brands, Judith Mashudi, Baptist Liefooghe, and Ruud Hortensius
- Abstract
This paper examines how humans judge the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate human attributes, specifically focusing on two key dimensions of human social evaluation: morality and competence. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of exposure to advanced Large Language Models on these perceptions. In three studies (combined N = 200), we tested the hypothesis that people will find it less plausible that AI is capable of judging the morality conveyed by a behavior compared to judging its competence. Participants estimated the plausibility of AI origin for a set of written impressions of positive and negative behaviors related to morality and competence. Studies 1 and 3 supported our hypothesis that people would be more inclined to attribute AI origin to competence-related impressions compared to morality-related ones. In Study 2, we found this effect only for impressions of positive behaviors. Additional exploratory analyses clarified that the differentiation between the AI origin of competence and morality judgments persisted throughout the first half year after the public launch of popular AI chatbot (i.e., ChatGPT) and could not be explained by participants' general attitudes toward AI, or the actual source of the impressions (i.e., AI or human). These findings suggest an enduring belief that AI is less adept at assessing the morality compared to the competence of human behavior, even as AI capabilities continued to advance.
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- 2024
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83. Unravelling the Roots of Emotional Development: Examining the Relationships between Attachment, Resilience and Coping in Young Adolescents
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Brian P. Godor, Frank C. P. van der Horst, and Ruth Van der Hallen
- Abstract
One's attachment style forms early in life and can aid in dealing with future setbacks. Equally, Coping and resilience are two specific psychological mechanisms that form how one deals with problems and recovers from stressful situations. These three concepts are well-known interrelated concepts within psychology but to what extent they overlap is still unclear. The present study investigated attachment, resiliency and coping using structural equation modeling. Participants (N = 390), aged between 9 and 12 y old, completed an paper survey including Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised questionnaire (ECR-RC-12), Resiliency Scales for Children & Adolescents (RSCA), and the Brief-CPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). Path analysis revealed strong associations between attachment and resiliency as well as strong associations between resiliency and coping. Specifically, the predictive value of anxious attachment on resiliency was seen for all three resiliency sub-scales. However, the predictive value of avoidance attachment on resiliency was only revealed for two of the resiliency sub-scales. The two resiliency protective factors (sense of mastery and sense of relatedness) have a positive predictive value for three coping strategies. Equally, the resiliency risk factor (emotional reactivity) also positively predicted two coping strategies. The current findings demonstrate clear associations between these three concepts. Equally, the theoretical connections are discussed in light of these findings. Equally, stemming from this study, clinical implications are discussed that can inform practice in terms of approaching psychopathologies from different angles (resilience, coping, and attachment) as well as, the development of coping and resilience skills in order to support healthy development.
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- 2024
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84. Green Servant Leadership and Green Voice Behavior in Qatari Higher Education: Does Climate for Green Initiative Matter?
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Mohammed Aboramadan, Julia Barbar, Wasim Alhabil, and Hussam Alhalbusi
- Abstract
Purpose: Building on the theories of social learning and social information processing, this paper aims to examine the effect of green servant leadership (GSL) on green voice behavior among staff working in Qatari higher education. In this relationship, the climate for green initiative (CFGI) was used to act as a mediating mechanism. Design/methodology/approach: Data in this study were collected from 275 staff working in Qatari higher education. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results suggest that GSL positively influences green voice behavior, whereas CFGI mediated this link. Practical implications: The results can be beneficial to higher education pertaining to the importance of GSL in generating positive green behaviors such as green voice behavior. Furthermore, the results highlight the significant role CFGI plays in motivating such behaviors. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the link between GSL and green voice behavior in the higher education context. Furthermore, research on CFGI has received limited attention so far.
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- 2024
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85. Co-Regulation in Dyadic Parent-Child Relationships: A Video Analysis of Well-Functioning Interactions
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Elin Marie Frivold Kostøl and Velibor Bobo Kovac
- Abstract
Co-regulation refers to warm, receptive, and supportive interactions between caregiver and child that provide guidance and modulation of the child's emotions, behaviours, and thoughts. This study identifies basic elements of co-regulation between parents and children in relatively well-functioning interactions. The data material consists of 24 video clips of eight dyadic parent-child relationships (child age = 2-8 years), drawn from the Marte Meo therapeutic method. The video analysis indicates that parental responses to an initiative, negotiation, and parental attunement emerge as basic elements and form part of a complex interplay with each other. The findings further imply that parental attunement represents a key element in defining the quality of the processes of initiation and negotiation between children and adults. The issue of balance between power/responsibility vested in adults and children's right to autonomy during these co-regulative interactions is also discussed. The paper ends with potential avenues for future research.
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- 2024
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86. Text/Conference Paper
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Moldon, Lukas, Strohmaier, Markus, and Wachs, Johannes
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GitHub ,behavior ,gamification ,software engineering ,natural experiment - Abstract
We examine how the behavior of software developers changes in response to removing gamification elements from GitHub, an online platform for collaborative programming. We find that the unannounced removal of daily activity streak counters from the user profile pages was followed by significant changes in behavior. Long-running streaks of activity were abandoned and became less common. Weekend activity decreased and days in which developers made a single contribution became less common. Synchronization of streaking behavior in the platform���s social network also decreased, suggesting that gamification is a powerful channel for social influence. Software developers that were publicly pursuing a goal to make contributions for 100 days in a row abandon this quest following the removal of the streak counter. Our findings provide evidence for the significant impact of gamification on the behavior of developers. They urge caution: gamification can steer the behavior in unexpected and unwanted directions.
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- 2022
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87. The Impact of Experiences and Perceptions of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on Water-Related Biosecurity Behaviour in Rural Vietnam.
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Whelan MG, Le QB, and Hall DC
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- Animals, Birds, Cross-Sectional Studies, Datasets as Topic, Farmers statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Public Health, Rural Population, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vietnam, Attitude, Behavior, Biosecurity, Farmers psychology, Influenza in Birds prevention & control, Perception, Water
- Abstract
Background: In Southeast Asia from 2004 to 2006, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) resulted in culling 45 million birds and jeopardizing sustainable agricultural production. HPAI is highly virulent; small-scale farms present a high-risk environment for disease transmission between animals and humans. We investigated how attitudes toward HPAI influence water-related biosecurity mitigation behaviors on small-scale farms in Vietnam using the conceptual framework Social Cognitive Theory., Method: We analyzed a secondary cross-sectional data set from northern (Thai Binh) and southern (An Giang) provinces in Vietnam, describing a stratified randomized selection of 600 small-scale farmers who were interviewed using questionnaires and in-person interviews. Logistic regression analysis and odds ratios were used to examine relationships between factors influencing HPAI attitudes, social norms, perceived importance, and behaviors (α = 0.10) RESULTS: Concern about the severity of HPAI was significantly associated with increased perceived importance for all water management biosecurity methods (p < 0.01). Media and/or peer influence had negative effects on perceived importance to practice water-related biosecurity (p < 0.10). High importance of practice water-related biosecurity resulted in high uptake (p < 0.05). Past experiences with HPAI were significant in predicting perceived importance; none were significant in describing behavior uptake., Discussion: Biosecurity guidelines may not be consistent with management styles of Vietnamese small-scale farms; perceived importance of a behavior may be an important mediating variable. Gaps exist in uptake of water management practices as biosecurity for HPAI, potentially negatively affected by peer and media influence. Our results should be of interest to public health and policy authorities addressing HPAI mitigation., (© 2021 Society for Risk Analysis.)
- Published
- 2021
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88. Simulated Intraspecific Usurpations in Paper Wasps: Different Reproductive Tactics Affect Foreign Brood Destruction in Polistes fuscatus and Polistes dominulus.
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Wensink, Stacey M., Hoffman, Jordan R., Gamboa, George J., and Koenig, W.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER wasps , *USURPATION , *INSECT reproduction , *POLISTES , *POPULATION biology , *ANIMAL behavior , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
We simulated intraspecific usurpation in two species of paper wasps at a field site in Michigan to compare the species' treatment of foreign brood. Queens of Polistes fuscatus, a species that commonly uses intraspecific usurpation as an alternative reproductive tactic, destroyed significantly fewer large larvae and significantly more small larvae than queens of P. dominulus, a sympatric species that rarely usurps. The pattern of brood destruction exhibited by P. fuscatus was consistent with the previously published findings that P. fuscatus usurpers destroy reproductive-destined brood (eggs and small larvae), but not worker-destined brood (large larvae and pupae) that are subsequently used by a usurper to raise her own reproductives. The pattern of brood destruction displayed by P. dominulus differed from that of Polistes species that frequently engage in intraspecific usurpation. The brood destruction pattern in P. dominulus may have been shaped by nest adoption, a common alternative reproductive tactic in this species. If so, it is not clear why P. dominulus would destroy large, worker-destined larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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89. Control and Behavior of a Massive Multi-agent System
- Author
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Cardon, Alain, Goos, Gerhard, editor, Hartmanis, Juris, editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Truszkowski, Walt, editor, Hinchey, Mike, editor, and Rouff, Chris, editor
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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90. A comparison of smartphone and paper data-collection tools in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study in Gezira state, Sudan
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Peter Burney, R Robinson, Kevin Mortimer, S. Bertel Squire, Asma Elsony, Rachael Thomson, Rana Ahmed, Rasmus Malmborg, Kodgule, Rahul, and Wellcome Trust
- Subjects
Male ,Rural Population ,Questionnaires ,Pulmonology ,020205 medical informatics ,Electronic data capture ,Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Pilot Projects ,02 engineering and technology ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,ELECTRONIC DATA CAPTURE ,Medical Records ,Sudan ,Geographical Locations ,Random Allocation ,Habits ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cohen's kappa ,Sociology ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Smoking Habits ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Coughing ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic Health Records ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,lcsh:Science ,Medical History Taking ,Observer Variation ,education.field_of_study ,wa_30 ,Schools ,Multidisciplinary ,Data Collection ,Smoking ,wa_900 ,Information quality ,Middle Aged ,Socioeconomic Aspects of Health ,Obstructive lung disease ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,Open data ,Research Design ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Engineering and Technology ,Female ,Smartphone ,Symptom Assessment ,wf_600 ,Research Article ,Adult ,Paper ,wa_950 ,Adolescent ,General Science & Technology ,Population ,Equipment ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Sampling Studies ,Education ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Environmental health ,MD Multidisciplinary ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung Diseases, Obstructive ,education ,c941fbbd ,Aged ,Communication Equipment ,Behavior ,Science & Technology ,Survey Research ,Data collection ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Health Care ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Dyspnea ,Data quality ,People and Places ,Africa ,Feasibility Studies ,lcsh:Q ,Forms and Records Control ,Cell Phones ,Physiological Processes ,business - Abstract
Introduction \ud Data collection using paper-based questionnaires can be time consuming and return errors affect data accuracy, completeness, and information quality in health surveys. We compared smartphone and paper-based data collection systems in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study in rural Sudan. \ud Methods \ud This exploratory pilot study was designed to run in parallel with the cross-sectional household survey. The Open Data Kit was used to programme questionnaires in Arabic into smartphones. We included 100 study participants (83% women; median age = 41.5 ± 16.4 years) from the BOLD study from 3 rural villages in East-Gezira and Kamleen localities of Gezira state, Sudan. Questionnaire data were collected using smartphone and paper-based technologies simultaneously. We used Kappa statistics and inter-rater class coefficient to test agreement between the two methods. Results Symptoms reported included cough (24%), phlegm (15%), wheezing (17%), and shortness of breath (18%). One in five were or had been cigarette smokers. The two data collection methods varied between perfect to slight agreement across the 204 variables evaluated (Kappa varied between 1.00 and 0.02 and inter-rater coefficient between 1.00 and -0.12). Errors were most commonly seen with paper questionnaires (83% of errors seen) vs smartphones (17% of errors seen) administered questionnaires with questions with complex skip-patterns being a major source of errors in paper questionnaires. Automated checks and validations in smartphone-administered questionnaires avoided skip-pattern related errors. Incomplete and inconsistent records were more likely seen on paper questionnaires. \ud Conclusion \ud Compared to paper-based data collection, smartphone technology worked well for data collection in the study, which was conducted in a challenging rural environment in Sudan. This approach provided timely, quality data with fewer errors and inconsistencies compared to paper-based data collection. We recommend this method for future BOLD studies and other population-based studies in similar settings.
- Published
- 2018
91. How risk-aversion level of return policies impact consumer trust in online shopping? An intercultural study in the Middle East
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Askarifar, Kazem, Dehbozorgi, Yalda, and Alsafi, Ali
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- 2023
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92. Altered feeding behavior and immune competence in paper wasps: A case of parasite manipulation?
- Author
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Beani, Laura, Mariotti Lippi, Marta, Mulinacci, Nadia, Manfredini, Fabio, Cecchi, Lorenzo, Giuliani, Claudia, Tani, Corrado, Meriggi, Niccolò, Cavalieri, Duccio, and Cappa, Federico
- Subjects
- *
WASPS , *PARASITES , *PERFORMANCE , *PHENOLS , *NECTARIES , *BEHAVIOR , *ROOTSTOCKS - Abstract
Paper wasps (Polistes dominula), parasitized by the strepsipteran Xenos vesparum, are castrated and desert the colony to gather on plants where the parasite mates and releases primary larvae, thus completing its lifecycle. One of these plants is the trumpet creeper Campsis radicans: in a previous study the majority of all wasps collected from this plant were parasitized and focused their foraging activity on C. radicans buds. The unexpected prevalence and unusual feeding strategy prompted us to investigate the influence of this plant on wasp behavior and physiology through a multidisciplinary approach. First, in a series of laboratory bioassays, we observed that parasitized wasps spent more time than non-parasitized ones on fresh C. radicans buds, rich of extra-floral nectaries (EFNs), while the same wasps ignored treated buds that lacked nectar drops. Then, we described the structure and ultra-structure of EFNs secreting cells, compatible with the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Subsequently, we analysed extracts from different bud tissues by HPLC-DAD-MS and found that verbascoside was the most abundant bioactive molecule in those tissues rich in EFNs. Finally, we tested the immune-stimulant properties of verbascoside, as the biochemical nature of this compound indicates it might function as an antibacterial and antioxidant. We measured bacterial clearance in wasps, as a proxy for overall immune competence, and observed that it was enhanced after administration of verbascoside—even more so if the wasp was parasitized. We hypothesize that the parasite manipulates wasp behavior to preferentially feed on C. radicans EFNs, since the bioactive properties of verbascoside likely increase host survival and thus the parasite own fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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93. Examining the role of saving and safety on the buying behavior: lessons from the Indian consumer's in COVID-19 crisis
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Khanna, Prateek, Sehgal, Reetika, Malviya, Mayank, and Dubey, Ashish Mohan
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- 2023
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94. Corrigendum: Four ways in which data-free papers on animal personality fail to be impactful
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Pierre-Olivier eMontiglio and Nicholas eDiRienzo
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Behavior ,Ecology ,evolution ,animal personality ,mixed models ,Behavioral variation ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,QH540-549.5 - Published
- 2015
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95. Commentary Four ways in which data-free papers on animal personality fail to be impactful
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Grace Helen Davis, Eric ePayne, and Andrew eSih
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Behavior ,Ecology ,evolution ,animal personality ,citations ,Behavioral variation ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,QH540-549.5 - Published
- 2015
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96. Conceptual Foundations of Sustainability.
- Author
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Malt BC and Majid A
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Conservation of Natural Resources, Built Environment, Climate Change, Biodiversity, Conservation of Water Resources, Sustainable Growth, Behavior
- Abstract
Threats to the health of our environment are numerous. Much research in science and engineering is devoted to documenting, understanding, and attempting to mitigate the harm itself. The root challenge for sustainability, however, is human behavior. As such, changes to human behaviors and the internal processes that drive them are also essential. Critical to understanding sustainability-related behaviors is the individual's conceptualization of the natural world and its components and processes. The papers in this topiCS issue address these conceptualizations by drawing from anthropological, linguistic, educational, philosophical, and social cognitive perspectives as well as traditional psychological approaches to the study of concepts and their development in children. They engage with many domains bearing on environmental sustainability including climate change, biodiversity, land and water conservation, resource use, and design of the built environment. They coalesce around four broad themes: (a) What people know (or believe) about nature broadly and about specific aspects of nature, and how they acquire and use this knowledge; (b) how knowledge is expressed and shared via language; (c) how knowledge and beliefs interact with affective, social, and motivational influences to yield attitudes and behaviors; and (d) how members of different cultures and speakers of different languages differ in these ways. The papers also point to lessons for advancing sustainability via public policy and public messaging, education, conservation and nature management, and design of the built environment., (© 2023 Cognitive Science Society LLC.)
- Published
- 2023
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97. Correlation between Facial Pattern Recognition and Brain Composition in Paper Wasps.
- Author
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Gronenberg, Wulfia, Ash, Lesley E., and Tibbetts, Elizabeth A.
- Subjects
- *
BRAIN research , *PAPER wasps , *PATTERN perception , *FACE perception , *POLISTES , *ANIMAL behavior , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Unique among insects, some paper wasp species recognize conspecific facial patterns during social communication. To evaluate whether specialized brain structures are involved in this task, we measured brain and brain component size in four different paper wasp species, two of which show facial pattern recognition. These behavioral abilities were not reflected by an increase in brain size or an increase in the size of the primary visual centers (medulla, lobula). Instead, wasps showing face recognition abilities had smaller olfactory centers (antennal lobes). Although no single brain compartment explains the wasps’ specialized visual abilities, multi-factorial analysis of the different brain components, particularly the antennal lobe and the mushroom body sub-compartments, clearly separates those species that show facial pattern recognition from those that do not. Thus, there appears to be some neural specialization for visual communication in Polistes. However, the apparent lack of optic lobe specialization suggests that the visual processing capabilities of paper wasps might be preadapted for pattern discrimination and the ability to discriminate facial markings could require relatively small changes in their neuronal substrate. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Cross-Cutting Capabilities: Support and Knowledge among Parents/Caregivers. ACT Research. Issue Brief
- Author
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ACT, Inc., Daley, Nola, Murano, Dana, and Burrus, Jeremy
- Abstract
The ACT® Holistic Framework® describes the knowledge and skills that students need for success during their kindergarten through postsecondary education and throughout their careers. The four areas included in the framework are core academic skills, behavioral skills, education and career navigation skills, and cross-cutting capabilities (CCCs). This paper examines parent/caregiver support and knowledge of non-cognitive skills by focusing on the CCCs. To do this, a group of parents/caregivers of students taking the ACT® test were surveyed. The survey focused on five school programs corresponding to the five CCCs: (1) critical thinking; (2) creative thinking and innovation; (3) collaborative problem-solving; (4) information and communication technology; and (5) self-directed learning.
- Published
- 2022
99. Against 'Flexibility': Tightening the Cage of Academic Rigor with Instructors' Responsibility and Rationality
- Author
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Li, Yaojie, Xiong, Jason, Pitts, Jennifer, and Hunsinger, Scott
- Abstract
The end of the COVID-19 pandemic is in sight, but it brought tremendous challenges and opportunities to academia. This paper analyzes the equilibrium between teaching laxity and strictness and corresponding outcomes through the lens of the approach-avoidance framework. On one side, instructors are likely to allow flexibility in course policies and procedures, given the learners' difficulties amid the pandemic. On the other hand, however, this intention could lead to a lack of control in class and eventually jeopardize academic integrity and rigor. Therefore, we explicate the motivation mechanism and the adverse effects of teaching laxity. Furthermore, a portfolio of teaching methods and mapping based on psychological distance and behavioral control theories is presented. This research contributes to a further understanding of pedagogical innovations in the Information Systems (IS) domain in the unprecedented crisis.
- Published
- 2022
100. Can You Understand Me? Speaking Robots and Accented Speech
- Author
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Moussalli, Souheila and Cardoso, Walcir
- Abstract
The results of our previous research on the pedagogical use of Speaking Robots (SRs) revealed positive effects on motivating students to practice their oral skills in a stress-free environment. However, our findings indicated that the SR was sometimes unable to understand students' foreign accented speech. In this paper, we report the results of a study that investigated the ability of an SR to recognize and process non-native English speech from different levels of accentedness. The analysis is based on how the SR handled the participants' speech in terms of accuracy, the number and types of communication breakdowns observed, and how the participants behaved to solve the interaction problems that they experienced with the SR. Based on the study's surveys, interviews, and observations of users' interactions with the device, the results emphasize SRs' potential to recognize different types of accented L2 speech and their use as pedagogical tools. [For the complete volume, see ED578177.]
- Published
- 2017
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