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2. Compressed biogas plants in India: Existing status, technological advances and challenges.
- Author
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Singh, Deval, Tembhare, Mamta, and Kumar, Sunil
- Subjects
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BIOGAS , *CENCHRUS purpureus , *SUPPLY chain management , *AGRICULTURAL wastes , *ANAEROBIC digestion , *ENERGY consumption - Abstract
The application of compressed biogas (CBG) in day-to-day livelihood has garnered significant attention in modern day era. It is considered as a potential solution to curb the increasing energy demand and other environmental concerns. The process involves anaerobic digestion (AD) (hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis) of organic substrate under an optimum operating condition (pH, temperature, etc.) via anaerobic microorganisms. This paper aims to describe some major facts about different technological options related to pre-treatment, AD, cleaning and up-gradation system. It also highlights the practical challenges related to high investment cost, inadequate infrastructure, clearance and approval issues, poor feedstock supply chain management etc. in adaption of CBG plants in India. The review examines the significance of both dry and wet continuous digester systems, which includes its advantages and challenges, considering factors, such as feedstock characteristics, process stability, and operational efficiency. It was also found that the type of feedstock and its availability in existing market plays a vital role in smooth functioning of CBG plants. Therefore, the study presents a comprehensive review discussing potential feedstock readily available for CBG plants in Indian market. It was concluded that the usage of agricultural waste (such as Napier grass) has higher CBG potential compared to other feedstock. At the same time, the study presents a broader aspect to policy makers and governing authorities to reframe the existing structure for financial assistantship, regulatory laws, subsidiary schemes etc. for CBG plant owners. It also gives an opportunity to technocrats, industrialist and investors to come-up with an indigenous technology with in-house manufacturing units to promote CBG production in India. [Display omitted] • India has 46 compressed biogas plants with an overall capacity of 272 tonnes/day. • Elaborated the significance of both dry and wet continuous digester systems. • Setting-up a compressed biogas plants requires high investment and operational cost. • Potential market for bio-fuels and bio-fertilizer needs to be explored in India. • Existing financial assistantship and subsidiary schemes need transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Simulation and investigation of biogas fed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems for power production using cycle tempo.
- Author
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Veettil, Praveen Vadakkanmar, Devasia, John Tharappel, Kandiyan, Priyak Nellikka, and Puthalath, Mahesh Kumar
- Subjects
BIOGAS ,SOLID oxide fuel cells ,FUEL cells ,CLEAN energy ,ENERGY consumption ,BIOGAS production ,MICROBIAL fuel cells - Abstract
Even though biogas production units are widely used in India, limited number of research works are being done in the area of biogas fed fuel cells to produce electricity. Valorisation of biogas into electricity is a clean and green technique. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a combined heat and power (CHP) device used for electricity generation. SOFC can deliver maximum electrical efficiency in the order of 50-65% while IC engines and turbines have efficiency of only 40% and 25 % respectively. Here in this study, modelling using Cycle Tempo software (Cycle Tempo®, version 5.0) is carried out to find out the electricity generation potential from clean-biogas using a SOFC. Case study of a municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment plant having a capacity of 250 tonnes per day (TPD) at Brahmapuram, Kochi is selected for simulation study to find out the electricity generation potential using SOFC system. The simulation output shows the variation in power and efficiency with fuel utilization value (Uf) and Air-Fuel-Ratio (AFR) for the biogas having a specific concentration of constituents and at standard temperature-pressure value. The effect of CO
2 removal on the inlet temperature of fuel gas entering the SOFC is also studied to keep the temperature within the working temperature of an SOFC. The project will be helpful in successful waste management and energy recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Resource potential and scope of utilization of renewable energy in Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Author
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Lohan, Shiv Kumar, Dixit, Jagvir, Modasir, Sheikh, and Ishaq, Mohd.
- Subjects
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RENEWABLE energy sources , *ENERGY consumption , *WATER power , *BIOGAS , *SOLAR energy , *BIOMASS energy , *ELECTRIC power production - Abstract
Abstract: Jammu and Kashmir the northern most state of India is blessed with immense potential for utilization of renewable energy. The state at present is fairly untapped in terms of energy utilization and thus venturing into this region would definitely prove to be profitable. The natural energy sources like sunshine, wind, vegetation, water flow, biomass and other biological wastes though abundantly available in the state yet are not being potentially harnessed resulting in very low per capita energy availability, deforestation and poor health. Renewable energy acquires a promising option not only for energy availability next view and of environment protection but also the socio-economic conditions of the people residing in these areas can be improved to a great extent. The hydroelectric power has tremendous potential for generation of electricity in the state because the topography of the state provides extensive network of canals and streams. This paper describes the resource potential and opportunity to enter the market and bring more renewable energy projects in the form of solar, biomass derived fuels, biogas and hydroelectric in the state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Life cycle assessment of Jatropha biodiesel as transportation fuel in rural India
- Author
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Achten, Wouter M.J., Almeida, Joana, Fobelets, Vincent, Bolle, Evelien, Mathijs, Erik, Singh, Virendra P., Tewari, Dina N., Verchot, Louis V., and Muys, Bart
- Subjects
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JATROPHA , *VEGETABLE oils as fuel , *MOTOR fuels , *BIODIESEL fuels , *GREENHOUSE gases , *ENERGY consumption , *LAND use , *RURAL geography - Abstract
Abstract: Since 2003 India has been actively promoting the cultivation of Jatropha on unproductive and degraded lands (wastelands) for the production of biodiesel suitable as transportation fuel. In this paper the life cycle energy balance, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and land use impact on ecosystem quality is evaluated for a small scale, low-input Jatropha biodiesel system established on wasteland in rural India. In addition to the life cycle assessment of the case at hand, the environmental performance of the same system expanded with a biogas installation digesting seed cake was quantified. The environmental impacts were compared to the life cycle impacts of a fossil fuel reference system delivering the same amount of products and functions as the Jatropha biodiesel system under research. The results show that the production and use of Jatropha biodiesel triggers an 82% decrease in non-renewable energy requirement (Net Energy Ratio, NER=1.85) and a 55% reduction in global warming potential (GWP) compared to the reference fossil-fuel based system. However, there is an increase in acidification (49%) and eutrophication (430%) from the Jatropha system relative to the reference case. Although adding biogas production to the system boosts the energy efficiency of the system (NER=3.40), the GWP reduction would not increase (51%) due to additional CH4 emissions. For the land use impact, Jatropha improved the structural ecosystem quality when planted on wasteland, but reduced the functional ecosystem quality. Fertilizer application (mainly N) is an important contributor to most negative impact categories. Optimizing fertilization, agronomic practices and genetics are the major system improvement options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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