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Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a zoonotic virus that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Although human infections are rare, the virus has a high mortality rate when contracted. Appropriate detection methods are thus crucial for combatting this pathogen. There is a growing demand for rapid, selective, and accurate methods of identifying the virus. Numerous biosensors have been designed and commercialized to detect AIV. However, they all have considerable shortcomings. Nanotechnology offers a new way forward. Nanomaterials produce more eco-friendly, rapid, and portable diagnostic systems. They also exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity while achieving a low detection limit (LOD). This paper reviews state-of-the-art nanomaterial-based biosensors for AIV detection, such as those composed of quantum dots, gold, silver, carbon, silica, nanodiamond, and other nanoparticles. It also offers insight into potential trial protocols for creating more effective methods of identifying AIV and discusses key issues associated with developing nanomaterial-based biosensors. [Display omitted] • A comprehensive review of biomarkers, techniques, and challenges associated with identifying Avian Influenza Virus (AIV). • Nanomaterial-based biosensors present a resolution to the obstacles encountered in detecting AIV. • A concise exploration of cutting-edge biosensors using nanomaterials for AIV detection. • Valuable information regarding prospective diagnostic tests in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors for AIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]