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Background: Synovial sarcoma is a rare cancer with peak incidence in the young adult period. Despite poor outcomes of this aggressive cancer, there is little epidemiologic research addressing its etiology., Methods: We collected birth characteristic data on synovial sarcoma cases born during 1978-2015 and diagnosed during 1988-2015 in California ( n = 244), and 12,200 controls frequency-matched on year of birth. We also constructed a dataset of cancer cases in siblings of sarcoma subjects to assess familial risk., Results: In multivariable logistic regression analyses, synovial sarcoma was more frequent in Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites [OR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-2.08]. Higher birth weight was a risk factor in Hispanics; each 500 g increase in birth weight was associated with a 22% increase in disease risk (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00-1.48). Also, a strong role for birth order was suggested, with highest risk for the first born (second child compared with first: OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44-0.84; third or later compared with first: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.77). Siblings of patients with synovial sarcoma did not display elevated cancer incidence, suggesting the low likelihood that strong familial predisposition alleles play a significant role in this disease., Conclusions: The associations with birth weight and birth order suggest that nutritional, developmental, and environmental factors may play a role in the etiology of synovial sarcoma., Impact: Further epidemiologic research on synovial sarcoma should evaluate epigenetic and developmental mechanisms and the formation of the archetypical t(X;18) translocation that defines this disease., (©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between birth characteristics, including parental sociodemographic characteristics, and early-onset pituitary adenoma (PA) and craniopharyngioma. METHODS: Leveraging the population-based California Linkage Study of Early-onset Cancers, we identified the birth characteristics of incident cases with PA (n = 1,749) or craniopharyngioma (n = 227) who were born from 1978 to 2015 and diagnosed 1988-2015, as well as controls in a 50:1 ratio matched on birth year. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were computed using unconditional multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Males had a lower risk of PA than females (OR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.34-0.41), and Black (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.30-1.84) or Hispanic (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.34-1.74) individuals had a higher risk compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Older maternal age was positively associated with PA (OR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.15 per 5 years, p

BackgroundWe evaluated the potential role of birth characteristics in the etiology of early-onset meningioma.MethodsLeveraging a population-based linkage of California birth records (from 1978 to 2015) and cancer registry data (from 1988 to 2015), we identified 362 nonmalignant meningioma cases aged 0-37 years and selected 18 100 controls matched on year of birth. Cases and controls were compared with regard to birth characteristics, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from unconditional multivariable logistic regression models. We also conducted stratified analyses by race/ethnicity and age.ResultsFemale sex (compared to male: OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.79; P

Background: Incidence rates of thyroid cancer in children and young adults (age 0-19 years) have nearly doubled over a recent 15-year period in the United States. Children with thyroid cancer may require long-term therapy and surveillance and are at greater risk for second primary malignancies. High-dose exposure to ionizing radiation is the only known nongenetic risk factor; the vast majority of cases have an unknown etiology. Methods: We conducted a population-based nested case-control study to evaluate the relationship between a range of birth characteristics and the risk of pediatric thyroid cancer. Using linked birth records and cancer registry data from California, we included 1012 cases who were diagnosed with first primary thyroid cancer at the age of 0-19 years from 1988 to 2015 and 50,600 birth-year matched controls (1:50 case to control ratio). We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by using multivariable logistic regression models applied to the full population and stratified by thyroid cancer subtypes (papillary and follicular), race/ethnicity (white and Hispanic), and age at diagnosis (0-14 and 15-19 years). Results: Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 1.20 [CI 1.01-1.42]), higher birth weight (OR: 1.11 [CI 1.04-1.18] per 500g), and higher maternal education (13-15 years OR: 1.35 [CI 1.09-1.68], 16+ years OR: 1.35 [CI 1.07-1.71]) were associated with an increased risk of pediatric thyroid cancer, while male sex (OR: 0.21 [CI 0.18-0.25]) and higher birth order (third or higher OR: 0.81 [CI 0.68-0.98]) were associated with a decreased risk. Some heterogeneity was observed across subtype, most notably an elevated OR with higher birth order for follicular thyroid cancer, in contrast to the reduced risk for this category among papillary thyroid cancer cases (p-value for interaction = 0.01). Hispanic ethnicity was a risk factor for papillary, but not follicular thyroid cancer (p-value for interaction = 0.07). Conclusions: In this population-based study of birth characteristics and pediatric thyroid cancer, we identified several important risk factors for pediatric thyroid cancer, including female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, higher birth weight, higher maternal educational attainment, and lower birth order. Our data provide new areas for replication and investigation of biological mechanisms for this poorly understood malignancy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between birth weight (along with a variety of pre and perinatal characteristics) and the risk of paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) diagnosed at age