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The paper presents the Finite Element formulation of the equations proposed by Tsiampousi et al. (2016) for coupled consolidation in unsaturated soils. Their coupling is discussed in relation to a conceptual model which divides soil behaviour into zones ranging from fully saturated to dry states. The numerical simulation of a laboratory experiment involving drainage of water from a vertical column of sand is used to validate the equations. Finally, the example of rainfall infiltration into a cut slope highlights how aspects of the conceptual model are reflected in the numerical analysis of boundary value problems involving unsaturated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, numerical results of a drop weight impact test examining the dynamic response of a clamped steel beams struck transversely at the centre by a mass with a rectangular indenter are presented. The numerical simulation showed that the results are very sensitive to the way in which the supports are modelled and thus this paper studies the modelling of the structural supports used to clamp the specimen beam in the experiment. The first approach simplifies the structural support as boundary condition on the nodes; the second model represents the entire support as the real approximation; the last approach uses simplified support plate model acting with the beam to simulate the experimental set up. The complete force–displacement curve is used to compare the plastic deformation of the impacted beams, thus the best approximation is selected for further calculations. The finite element model was performed using the LS-DYNA non-linear, dynamic finite element software. The numerical calculations can predict accurately the response of deflections, forces and absorbed energies, when proper boundary conditions are applied, in this case with shell elements representing the support plates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a numerical simulation and simplified methods for estimating the residual strength of a damaged double bottom. A typical double-bottom structure from a shuttle tanker was modelled. The structure was idealised to a small degree. Imperfections were introduced to the whole structure according to design rules. The most severe situation of the fully loaded condition was investigated. Hull girder bending was considered. Damage was caused by a variety of indenters that were specially designed to obtain a desired damage profile. A total of 16 numerical-calculation cases were investigated using the explicit commercial code LS-DYNA 971. A simplified method was derived. This method includes elastic plus rigid-plastic analyses of a 3-span, single-stiffener model. Unlike Smith''s method, the present approach takes damaged stiffened panels into account in the residual strength assessment. The elastic and rigid-plastic analyses were combined to provide the load-end shortening curve for the damaged stiffeners. A simplified damage mechanism for the tripping of stiffeners is presented, as is a 3-span single stiffener model with proper boundary conditions. Both the analytical and single stiffener models were used to estimate the residual strength of a damaged double bottom. Both methods were validated with a non-linear, finite-element analysis (NLFEA) simulation carried out using LS-DYNA 971. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: During installation of a displacement pile, the soil around the pile is heavily distorted. The resulting changes in soil density and stress state around the pile determine the ultimate pile capacity. In most finite element models, the installation phase is not explicitly modelled. In this paper the full installation phase is modelled in two different ways, in a numerical code capable of large deformations. In the first approach the pile is fixed and the soil flows around the pile. This modelling approach requires somewhat unrealistic boundary conditions and requires that the results for the pile installation are for a non-stationary phase of the calculation, whereas formally only the values at the stationary full penetration phase are reliable. A second modelling approach has been introduced to overcome these limitations. In the new approach the initial conditions are set as a stress level, increasing linearly with depth, resulting from a gravity loading stage, and a stepwise penetration of the pile into the soil is prescribed. This approach updates the geometry of the problem domain and keeps updating the convective terms in a fixed mesh. Results are compared with experimental results from centrifuge tests. Although both models show the development of large effective vertical stress below the pile base and porosity change near the pile shaft, also differences with the experimental results are found. Especially the stiffness response during pile installation is difficult to model correctly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Thermoplastic composite materials offer new perspective in the mechanical industry, especially in aeronautic industry. The assembly of huge structures by welding is made possible by the ability of the matrix to melt. This paper focuses on ultrasonic welding process where heating is confined at the welding interface. This is achieved thanks to a local mechanical dissipation in triangles specially located at the interface, called energy director. In order to better understand the phenomena that occur at the energy director scale, we propose to model and simulate the polymer flow at the interface. Based on a previous work, the flow under vibration is modeled using three coupled boundary value problems. A specific simulation tool is then developed for solving those three problems. It entails specific numerical methods: a level set method allows to handle the large geometry change, and an iterative solver manages the multiphysical aspects. The novel simulation obtained is validated with a qualitative comparison to experiments. Then, an analysis of the numerical results allows to understand the phenomena that enable welding. A thermomechanical localization heats the tip of the energy director. This initiates a fold of polymer that progressively fills the gap between the two plates to weld, and ensures conditions for adhesion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents the determination of virtual micro-forming limit diagrams from two types of numerical simulations based on the finite element method: one with modelling of the full tool for micro-deep drawing and a thin blank with geometric imperfections, based on a defined roughness; and a second called "reduced simulation" where different deformation paths were simulated with appropriate boundary conditions by introducing the same type of geometric imperfections on aluminium 1050A (99.5%). A new test for detecting the onset of necking, called the "change of slope" criterion has been defined. Several methods based on histograms to represent the distributions of major and minor strains, have been used to determine the strain at the onset of necking. The numerical micro-forming limit diagrams (MFLD) were then compared to one obtained experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]