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An enzymatic method which combines d-aminoacylase catalyzed nitroaldol reaction and lipase PS-IM catalyzed acyl resolution reaction was constructed to obtain optically pure β-nitroalcohols in organic media under mild conditions. A series of β-nitroalcohols were synthesized and then resolved, with excellent ee values (>95%) and yields mostly, giving enantiomerically pure acetate and alcohol of the opposite configuration simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• SDGs are subjected to catalytic gasification to produce hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. • MWP improves gasification activity and hydrogen production. • RM improves the damage effect of MWP on the physical structure of SDGs. • MWP and RM catalysis have a synergistic effect on the catalytic gasification of SDGs. Steam gasification of spirit-based distillers' grains (SDGs) was performed in a fixed-bed reactor under different microwave pretreatment (MWP) approaches with or without addition of red mud (RM). The effects of MWP on the gasification rate, total gas yield, H 2 /CO, and gasification mechanism of action were investigated. The results showed that RM could enhance the effect of MWP. The gasification rate, total gas yield and H 2 /CO increased by 21.29%, 8.23% and 16.08%, respectively. In addition, RM and MWP had a synergistic effect on the catalytic gasification reaction. This was because MWP disrupted the complete ordered surface structure of the SDGs, allowing a large number of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metal ions to dissolve onto the surface and combine with the catalytically active material in RM to form a uniformly dispersed bimetallic catalyst. The catalytic mechanism consisted of an active-site catalytic mechanism and a bimetallic synergistic catalytic mechanism. Therefore, the combination of MWP and SDGs steam gasification is a promising, clean, efficient hydrogen-rich synthesis gas technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ascertain the reaction variables on o -chloroaniline (o -ClA) mineralization, total nitrogen (TN) removal rate, and N-species distribution, o -ClA was subjected to catalytic supercritical water oxidation (CSCWO) in a fused quartz tube reactor (FQTR). The findings demonstrated that when the temperature, reaction time, and excess oxidant were 400 °C, 90 min, and 150%, respectively, the mineralization rate of o -ClA could reach more than 95%. Moreover, potential degradation pathways of o -ClA in supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) was proposed according to the GC-MS results. TN removal rate is significantly impacted by Ru/rGO, despite the fact that its catalytic effect on the mineralization of o -ClA was not particularly noteworthy. Compared with no catalyst, the TN removal rate of o -ClA obviously increased from 44.1% to 90.3% at 400 °C, 10 wt% Ru loading, 90 min and 200% excess oxidant. In addition, N-species distribution in SCWO and CSCWO were also investigated. Results indicated that the Ru/rGO catalyst could accelerate the oxidation of ammonia-N and convert it to nitrate-N, promoting N 2 generation. Finally, the possible N transformation pathway in CSCWO of o -ClA was proposed. As a result, this work offers fundamental information about o -ClA catalytic oxidation removal in the SCWO process. [Display omitted] • CSCWO of o -ClA was investigated in a FQTR coupled with Raman spectroscopy system. • The potential degradation pathways of o -ClA in SCWO was proposed. • Ru/rGO has a significant effect on the removal rate of TN. • Ru/rGO accelerate the oxidation of ammonia-N to nitrate-N, promoting N 2 generation. • Possible nitrogen transformation pathway in CSCWO of o -ClA was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]