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The rapid development of wearable electronics has placed higher demands on the design strategies of triboelectric materials. Aerogels have the potential to become advanced triboelectric materials, however, traditional design strategies often require complex processes and additional chemical cross‐linking agents to improve the stability of the gel structure, which limits its practical application. In this work, a scalable and sustainable self‐assembly drive strategy is proposed for the design of bio‐based triboelectric aerogels with multi‐scale winding structures. Interestingly, the autoacceleration effect, which is regarded as "unfavorable" during the autocatalytic polymerization of supramolecules, is rationally exploited to provide the supramolecules within the matrix with an abundance of multiple hydrogen bonds at the same time as their rapid gelation occurs. Thanks to this, the aerogel film exhibits ultra‐high tensile strength (104 MPa) and remains undeformed after resisting an impact of 8000 times its own weight. Highly robust triboelectric aerogel films are used to build wearable self‐powered sensors with ultra‐fast response in complex environments (48 ms), while enabling real‐time interaction between the wearer and the information network. The design idea of " turning a detriment into an asset " in this work provides a new idea for the material construction of highly robust wearable sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of self‐powered wearable electronics will revolutionize the fields of smart healthcare and sports monitoring. This technological advancement necessitates more stringent design requirements for triboelectric materials. The triboelectric aerogels must enhance their mechanical properties to address the issue of structural collapse in real‐world applications. This study fabricates stiff nanocellulosic triboelectric aerogels with multiscale structures induced by the Hofmeister effect. The aggregation and crystallization of polymer molecular chains are enhanced by the Hofmeister effect, while ice crystal growth imparts a porous structure to the aerogel at the micron scale. Therefore, the triboelectric aerogel exhibits exceptional stiffness, boasting a Young's modulus of up to 142.9 MPa and a specific modulus of up to 340.6 kN m kg–1, while remaining undeformed even after supporting 6600 times its weight. Even after withstanding an impact of 343 kPa, highly robust wearable self‐powered sensors fabricated with triboelectric aerogels remain operational. Additionally, the self‐powered sensor is capable of accurately detecting human movements, particularly in abnormal fall postures detection. This study provides considerable research and practical value for promoting material design and broadening application scenarios for self‐powered wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their low cost, customizability, and environmental stability, cellulosic triboelectric materials have emerged among polymer materials. However, the rich hydrogen bonding network inherent in cellulose limits its polarity and electron-donating ability, and charge dissipation caused by the hygroscopicity of the hydroxyl-rich groups limits its application as a triboelectric material. In this study, a more convenient, economical, and environmentally friendly "stent surgery" strategy was adopted. The wetting and swelling of fiber molecules allowed Cu (II) coordination with hydroxyl groups in nanocellulose. The coordination effect of cellulose hydroxyl groups weakens the intermolecular hydrogen bonding network, leading to an increase in the molecular dipole moment and the formation of new polar regions to regulate its space charge distribution, which significantly improved the electron-supplying capacity of the nanocellulose materials, and the maximum output power density increased by a factor of 2.78 (from 45 to 125 μW cm−2). Notably, the CNF-Cu (II) triboelectric material demonstrated excellent antimicrobial (>99%) and UV transmittance (<8%) as well as resistance to humidity interference, exhibiting only 5.9% voltage output loss at high humidity (90% RH). The design of this study provides new approaches for cellulose polarity modulation and energy harvesting adapted to harsh environments. [Display omitted] • Incorporating Cu (II) increases the molecular spacing of cellulose, modulating hydrogen bonding network. • The cellulose hydroxyl coordination effect with Cu (II) modulates its molecular dipole moment and space charge distribution. • Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) incorporating Cu (II) demonstrated enhanced triboelectric performance. • The CNF-Cu (II) film showed excellent antimicrobialenhanced adaptability to high-humidity environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pervasive wearable electronic devices are driving sensor innovation towards increased diversity and multifunctionality, to meet the needs of complex and varied environments. The accuracy of wearable sensors in detecting and feedback on stress is typically contingent upon the responsiveness of material structures, which can be easily perturbed by environmental humidity. In this study, one with excellent hydrophobicity and moisture resistance was developed, thereby effectively suppressing the electrostatic shielding effect caused by water ionization, while retaining the inherent ability of the material surface to generate and capture charges. In high-humidity environments (98 % RH), the self-powered sensor exhibited a full scale output retention rate of over 82.4 %, thus overcoming the limitations of sensor application in such conditions. This study provides new insight into high-performance sensing that is resistant to environmental interference, which is of great significance for the development and design of electronic skin, wearable electronic devices, and soft robotics. [Display omitted] • Air humidity is an unavoidable environmental disturbance for sensors. • Hydrophobicity of the material enhances sensing stability in wet environments. • Surface microstructure enhances both hydrophobic and sensing properties. • Over 84.2 % charge retention of materials in high humidity environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient energy harvesting from the environment provides a sustainable solution to alleviate the growing global energy crisis. However, the development of energy harvesting is limited by the challenge of maintaining stability under harsh atmospheric conditions. In this study, a novel chitosan/di-aldehyde nanocrystalline cellulose bio-based triboelectric material (CDTM) was constructed by a combined process of casting and hot pressing and applied to energy harvesting under harsh atmospheric conditions such as high temperature and high humidity. Chitosan and di-aldehyde nanocellulose were tightly bound by the Schiff base reaction, which strengthened the internal binding of CDTM making it more stable. More importantly, the CDTM based triboelectric nanogenerators (CD-TENGs) had an open circuit voltage retention of five times higher than that of paper at 99 RH% and could still retain 98% at a high-temperature environment, demonstrating excellent resistance to environmental disturbances. In addition, the CD-TENG was used as a wireless sensing terminal for smart devices to enable wireless visual sensing for stress intensity feedback and motion state detection. This work provides a novel insight into the design and preparation of triboelectric materials that withstand harsh atmospheric conditions. [Display omitted] • A cellulosic triboelectric material with stable surface charge density under high humidity and hot environments was prepared. • It shows excellent resistance to environmental disturbances. • It was employed as a wireless sensing terminal for smart devices, enabling wireless visual sensing to detect motion states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as a new energy conversion device in self-powered sensing devices, have been used at extreme environmental conditions, which poses great challenges to the structural stability and chemical tolerance of triboelectric materials. However, the low tolerance characteristics of traditional triboelectric materials limit their expansion in emerging applications. Cellulose, with its unique multidimensional structure and, controlled surface chemistry regulation advantages, shows great potential in resisting extreme environmental conditions and is emerging as a new candidate. This review aims to design and fabricate cellulosic triboelectric materials with exceptional tolerance, providing a perspective on the emerging applications of TENGs at extreme environmental conditions. First, the performance advantages and design principles of action of cellulosic triboelectric materials at extreme environmental conditions are described. Second, the importance of physical and chemical regulation strategies is discussed through the multi-scale perspective from macroscopic fiber bundles to microscopic cellulose molecules. It also presents the latest applications of cellulosic triboelectric materials at extreme environmental conditions such as wide temperature, high humidity, high corrosion, and radiation. Finally, the idea of how cellulosic triboelectric materials can further expand the development of TENGs application areas is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]