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In Belgian-occupied Rwanda, there were identity booklets, never identity cards. These only appeared after independence. Massively distributed from the second half of 1930 onwards as part of the first general census of Hommes adultes valides (HAV) carried out in Ruanda-Urundi, these booklets of 16 to 24 pages (depending on the model) are de facto a real portable personal file that includes, among other information deemed useful by the Belgian administration, that appearing on the population census forms. Identification of the holder and control of tax payment seem to be the main reasons for the introduction of the identity booklet. The 'racial-ethnic' affiliation of the holder is therefore one piece of information among many others. It appears on the fourth page. Moreover, Rwandans were able to develop avoidance and circumvention strategies, so that changes in 'racial-ethnic' affiliation were possible until independence, and even long afterwards. This short text summarises an article that is currently being completed., Dans le Rwanda sous occupation belge, il y a eu des livrets d’identité, jamais de cartes d’identité. Celles-ci ne sont apparues qu’après l’indépendance. Distribués massivement dès le second semestre 1930 dans le cadre du premier recensement général des hommes adultes valides (HAV) effectué au Ruanda-Urundi, ces livrets de 16 à 24 pages (selon le modèle) sont de facto un véritable dossier personnel portatif qui reprend, entre autres informations jugées utiles par l’administration belge, celles figurant sur les fiches de recensement de la population. Identification du titulaire et contrôle de l’acquittement de l’impôt semblent les motivations principales de l’introduction du livret d’identité. L’appartenance « racialo-ethnique » du titulaire est donc une information parmi bien d’autres. Elle apparaît en quatrième page. Par ailleurs, les Rwandais surent développer des stratégies d’évitement et de contournement, de sorte que des changements d’appartenance « racialo-ethnique » ont été possibles jusqu’à l’indépendance, et même longtemps après. Ce court texte synthétise un article en voie d’achèvement.

Complete Code and Data behind Fritz & Manduca: The Economic Complexity of US Metropolitan Areas (2021)

This scientific and information review provides insight into the contents and nature of some questions and matters of national statistics as noted in the reports of statisticians - academics and practitioners at the meeting of Statistics Section of the Central House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CDU RAS) in 2018-2019. The Section covered a wide range of topics which could be grouped (although this grouping is somewhat relative) into three focus areas in modern Russian statistics discussed in the 2018-2019 season at the Central House of Scientists: I. Theoretical and practical aspects associated with conducting statistical observations, II. Development issues of macroeconomic statistics and III. Application of international statistical standards to Russian conditions.In these respective areas, debates focused on the results of the 2016 Russian Census of agriculture, optimization of the organizational structure of the 2020 Russian Population Census based on the results of the 2018 Pilot Population Census, fundamental principles of consumer price monitoring and calculating the consumer price index in today’s Russian statistics. Topics of methodological support of statistics on non-financial economic assets, improving the quality of GDP estimates based on the development of annual supply and use tables, the subject matter of innovation statistics triggered heated discussions amongst the practitioners and theoreticians who participated actively in the meetings. Finally, the Section reviewed matters of adopting international statistical standards to suit Russian conditions, in particular, the practical implementation of the Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment, and labor underutilization and Russian issues of international banking statistics.

One of the most common issues on the word right now is green building technology, with the goal of reducing the development industry's various negative effects on the environment, society, and economy. Because pollution and global warming are quickly expanding over the planet, the world urgently requires a sustainable and reasonable development. Because of the increase in Green House Gases (GHGs), dramatic climatical differences occurring everyday have been noted and are being faced by almost everyone all over the world. Within settled countries such as the United States of America, Russia, Australia, and the United Kingdom, there have already been rigorous steps taken to achieve workable development, as well as rules and regulations enacted by their respective governments to assist and accomplish a workable and environmentally approachable development of their countries. However, emerging countries such as India, China, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and others are dragging in terms of founding supportable growth and environmentally friendly structures. In addition, there is a deficiency of public understanding about this worldwide issue in these emerging countries. According to surveys and study, these countries are also far behind schedule the established nations of the world. This article discusses the need for maintainable growth around the world, particularly in emerging countries such as India and China, which have enormous land-living masses and are fast emerging, with the potential to become new global superpowers in the near future. It also includes sustainable and monetary research with connections to Indian contexts, as well as a recent live instance study of a freshly built and constructed luxurious housing home in a densely populated area of India. The case study is a inhabited house that is planned and built as a sustainable and green structure in an extremely community inside the state of Maharashtra, India, as India is also known as a country of villages with the world's second largest population. According to India's 2012 census, 69.84 percent of the population, or 869.17 million people, live in 6,47,861 distinct villages. By using straightforward, simple, and cost-effective strategies, this study will assist Indian communities and residential buildings in becoming more sustainable and greener.

The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study was designed and implemented as a rapid survey of the psychosocial impacts of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), known as COVID-19 in residents across the United Kingdom. This study utilised a longitudinal design to collect online survey based data. The aim of this paper was to describe (1) the rationale behind the study and the corresponding selection of constructs to be assessed; (2) the study design and methodology; (3) the resultant sociodemographic characteristics of the full sample; (4) how the baseline survey data compares to the UK adult population (using data from the Census) on a variety of sociodemographic variables; (5) the ongoing efforts for weekly and monthly longitudinal assessments of the baseline cohort; and (6) outline future research directions. We believe the study is in a unique position to make a significant contribution to the growing body of literature to help understand the psychological impact of this pandemic and inform future clinical and research directions that the UK will implement in response to COVID-19.

When parents pursue transnational labour migration, challenges arise around ensuring the social belonging of children, especially ‘gift children’ who are conceived or born abroad as a result of out-of-wedlock relationships or sexual assault. Families we interviewed in Lombok, Indonesia, displayed complex social ingenuity to ensure the gift child’s social belonging. Caregivers described how they address discrimination by manipulating and falsifying family histories in identity documents, including census forms and birth registration. These family strategies drive home the local role of identity documents as a tool to enhance belonging rather than as proof of legal identity. We spotlight the time lag between birth and obtaining an official birth record as a crucial space in creating ‘citizenship from below’ in communities with high out-migration and low birth registration rates.

International audience; This article intends to analyse the Moroccan journalistic field since the 1990s using a relational sociology looking at its news businesses and showing their strong dependence on the economic and political fields. This initial analysis of the paper and electronic non-specialised press (and its managers) is based on five main issues. The first issue summarises the history of the nonpartisan press and the social and political protest issues within it since independence. The second shows how the explosive multiplication of the volume of news supplied by the paper press since the 1990s, and by the electronic press (notably since 2011) should not hide the historical features of this universe: very limited coverage, a journalistic world highly dominated by the state media and a partisan press, and very important inequalities (social, linguistic, etc.). The third issue is trying to describe the market where the press companies operate and which occupies a positional continuum located between two poles: the hanout (the shop) and the press group (and the careers of their senior executives). This also explains that the sustainability of publications depends on a balance based on political and economic parameters and certain uncrossable “red lines” (Monarchy, Sahara, and Islam). The fourth issue describes the very direct impact which the advertising and supply and distribution oligopoly, connected to the main powers in place, has on the working of the press companies. Lastly, the Moroccan social space transformations and the unique features of its consumption modes enable us to understand better why the Moroccan press is facing difficulties when trying to increase its audience.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior One of the basic tasks in demography is to produce reliable estimates. To do that, demographers require high data quality or being able to detect and correct errors. Unfortunately, in most countries data are deficient and is it necessary to be critical about the reliability of the available information. Therefore, this dissertation deals with data quality issues that are related, directly or indirectly, with survival analysis. We divided this study into three articles. The first one focuses on cohort mortality analysis in the absence of complete cohort mortality data, using the Truncated Cross-sectional Average Length of Life (TCAL). The second study examines data quality issues among the oldest-old population, focusing on the estimation of centenarians. The third article evaluates education reporting among adults in order to offer evidences of education misstatement. All the articles provide alternative ways to minimize the lack of complete cohort mortality data or the existence of inaccurate data. Para os demógrafos, é de grande relevância a produção de estimativas confiáveis. No entanto, para alcançar tal objetivo, é necessário dispor de dados de boa qualidade ou detectar e corrigir erros nos dados. Infelizmente, na maioria dos países, os dados contêm erros, logo, é necessário ser crítico quanto à confiabilidade das informações disponíveis. Por isso, esta tese aborda problemas na qualidade dos dados que estão relacionados, direta ou indiretamente, à análise de sobrevivência. Nós dividimos este estudo em três artigos. O primeiro centra-se na análise da mortalidade por coorte, mesmo quando não se dispõe de informações completas de mortalidade por coorte utilizando The Truncated Cross-sectional Average Length of Life (TCAL). O segundo estudo examina questões relacionadas à qualidade de dados no segmento populacional mais envelhecido, estimando, de maneira indireta, a população centenária. O terceiro artigo avalia a qualidade da educação reportada nos censos, com o objetivo de identificar erros nesta informação. Todos os três artigos que compõem esta tese contribuem com a discussão sobre a qualidade dos dados, apontando alternativas para contornar essas limitações.

The popular belief is that environmental regulation must reduce employment, since suchregulations are expected to increase production costs, which would raise prices and thus reducedemand for output, at least in a competitive market. Although this effect might seem obvious, a careful microeconomic analysis shows that it is not guaranteed. Even if environmental regulation reduces output in the regulated industry, abating pollution could require additional labor (e.g. to monitor the abatement capital and meet EPA reporting requirements). It is also possible for pollution abatement technologies to be labor enhancing. In this paper we analyze how a particular EPA regulation, the so-called “Cluster Rule” (CR) imposed on the pulp and paper industry in 2001, affected employment in that sector. Using establishment level data from the Census of Manufacturers and Annual Survey of Manufacturers at the U.S. Census Bureau from 1992-2007 we find evidence of small employment declines (on the order of 3%-7%), which are sometimes statistically significant, at a subset of the plants covered by the CR.

A birth certificate establishes a child's legal identity and age, but few quantitative estimates of the significance of birth registration exist. Birth registration laws were enacted by U.S. states in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Using 1910–1930 census data, this study finds that minimum working age legislation was twice as effective in reducing under-aged employment if children had been born with a birth registration law, with positive implications for school attendance. There is some evidence that registration laws also improved the enforcement of schooling laws for younger children. A retrospective analysis with the 1960 census shows that the long-term effect of registration laws was to increase educational attainment by approximately 0.1 years.

The Payne-Butrick Papers. Edited and annotated by William L. Anderson, Jane L. Brown, and Anne F. Rogers. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2010. 2 vols. Pp. xxx + 363, viii + 561. Cloth, $150.00.)Reviewed by Daniel K. RichterThese two handsome books bring into print the contents of six manuscript volumes from the Edward E. Ayer Manuscript Collection at the Newberry Library in Chicago. How those many pages of ethnographic material on Cherokee people during the removal era came into the possession of turn-of-the-twentieth-century collector Ayer is unclear. But they are what survives of an extraordinary effort to document the Cherokees in the 1830s and 1840s undertaken by John Howard Payne, a New Englander perhaps best known as the man responsible for the lyrics of "Home Sweet Home."After a modest international career as an actor and an undistinguished stint as ajournalist, and before being appointed as U.S. counsel to Tunis, Payne found himself almost by accident in Cherokee country as a guest of Chief John Ross in 1835. What began with a journalistic interest in Native American resistance to Federal and state removal policies became personal when Georgia troops crossed not only into Cherokee Nation territory but across the line into the state of Tennessee to arrest Payne and Ross on trumped-up charges of obstructing a census. Payne also stood accused of being an abolitionist and a French spy. After his release from imprisonment, Payne made it his business to publicize nationally the illegality of his arrest and the treatment of the Cherokees more generally, particularly in the Treaty of New Echota, which provided the legal basis for removal. Payne spent a few weeks in Cherokee country before his arrest in 1835, four months in Indian Territory after removal in 1840 and 1841, and some additional time with Cherokees in 1842. On that last occasion, he was employed by the U.S. government to investigate the results of the New Echota Treaty; his honest report got him fired.Along the way, Payne not only became deeply interested in Cherokee history and religion but met a man who probably knew those subjects more thoroughly than any other Euro-American. Presbyterian missionary Daniel Butrick lived with Cherokees for more than thirty years, from his arrival at the Brainerd Mission in Tennessee 1818, through the horrors of the Trail of Tears, until his death in what is now Oklahoma in 1851. The first of the six bound volumes at the Newberry is the result of Payne's collaboration with Butrick, a polished but never published manuscript of what Payne hoped would be the first of three books. An overview of Cherokee religious beliefs and ceremonies, the text is heavily - at times nearly fatally - infused with Payne's and Butrick's then common-place theory that Native Americans were descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The third Newberry manuscript appears to be a rough draft of one of the subsequent books Payne envisioned. These compilations are valuable not only for the many nuggets of Cherokee traditions that peek through the interpretive scheme but because they attribute particular stories and pieces of information to individual Cherokee informants, and thus allow glimpses of distinct persons and perspectives.But in many ways the remaining manuscripts - which in this edition occupy the middle of volume 1 and all of volume 2 - are far more interesting. The second Newberry manuscript consists of miscellaneous notes that Payne compiled during his visits to the Cherokees. Sprinkled through lists of clans' and chiefs' names, transcriptions of laws and magazine articles, and other bits of information are biographical sketches of such well-known figures as Ross, Shoe Boots, and Sequoyah; notes on interviews with Native leaders; and accounts of the machinations of U.S. officials. Manuscript four, which opens volume 2 of the printed collection, consists of letters written to Payne about the Cherokees. …

question of royal-paper copies of Aldine editions, of which the bulk of the surviving copies are printed on smaller paper, first impinged on my consciousness a few years ago, in the course of a collaborative research project on the first edition of Baldassar Castiglione's // libro del Cortegiano, a folio printed by the Aldine press between the end of November 1527 and the beginning of April 1528. In a letter sent from Spain in April 1527 to his factor, Gristoforo Tirabosco, Castiglione expressed the wish to have an edition of 1000 copies, for which he did not specify a paper size, plus thirty copies to be printed on the best quality royal paper available in Venice at the time. In a further letter to Tirabosco, written in April 1528, after the publication of the edition, Castiglione again referred to the thirty copies on royal paper, indicating that some at least were intended as presentation copies to important figures, such as the marquis of Mantua, Isabella d'Este and Elisabetta Gonzaga, "quelli piu principali", as he explained.1 Our census of surviving copies of this edition brought to light 147 copies,2 none of which was distinguished by its leaf height, but which were printed on two different paper stocks, 136 on stocks (predominantly anchor paper) which

National censuses are expensive. They are conducted infrequently. They collect information that some feel infringes their human rights, and people are required by law to complete them. The outputs are not perfect, and in some situations may be misleading. Some suggest that censuses hark back to a period when regularly collected administrative data were not available. These are some of the views held about national censuses. Why, then, would others argue that they are an essential resource? In this paper, we consider some of the pros and cons of conducting national censuses, before introducing a series of papers that draw on early data available from the 2001 UK census. We argue that these papers, and the wealth of research that will be conducted in the future with 2001 census data, make a strong case for supporting the compulsory collection of personal information about the ‘entire’ population every ten years.

Edition of seven Greek 2nd-century C.E. papyri excavated at Ismant al-Kharab (Kellis). These documents (2 census declarations, 4 complete, respectively fragmentarily preserved contracts and 1 tax receipt) illustrate a relatively early phase of the occupation of the settlement. The census declarations suggest the existence of female professional spinners at Kellis.

Using NSS data for 1993-94 and 2004-05 this paper highlights the impact of growing incomes, social and household decisions of households, and regional and ethnic factors on patterns of household level fertility in India. These have helped determine the composition of India’s young (aged 9 to 34) today. Demographic transition is well underway in India with rising incomes associated with fewer children and smaller family size. Households with more women in the age group 26-35 have more children, are more likely to have children than not having them as well as having larger family size. Average education of females lowers household size whereas (instrumented) shares of expenditure on education and health have varying effects. Muslim households have more children and are more likely to have larger family sizes. Households in BIMARU states have more children as do urban households. Thus demographic transition has occurred unevenly across various groups in India.

Ever since Captain Wilson was shipwrecked on Ulong Reef foreigners have continued to visit the islands of Palau for one purpose or another. The most recent influx of foreigners to Palau has consisted of guest work ers. The 1995 census put the number of guest workers and their depen dents at 4,717, and Labor Office statistics showed 5,171 as of April 1998 (CoPopChi 1997, 1). With a total population of slightly over 17,2x5 in 1995, this represents an appreciable portion of Palau's residents (Anasta cio 1998). The large and growing number of guest workers in Palau is raising a great deal of concern among indigenous Palauans, who for the most part are beginning to feel crowded and alienated in their own islands. It also raises a range of important issues that must be addressed if Palau is to get a grip on its long-run economic and political development. Nevertheless, indigenous Palauans are cognizant of the advantages of a large work force, some of which are discussed here. Palau is following a trend in infrastructure development experienced first in Guam and more recently in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. This construction boom, fueled by an expanding tourism industry, has been made possible by the availability of cheap labor from the nearby Philippines. An inspection of local contractors would show a labor force consisting mainly of Filipino workers in all construction trades, from skilled workers in masonry, carpentry, electrical, and plumbing all the way down to unskilled laborers. This has brought about a rapid growth in high-rise buildings, such as the Palasia Hotel and the West Ben Franklin Store, which did not exist until recently. Asians recruited to fish Palau's waters have also contributed to eco nomic growth. Palau's tuna industry was launched in the 1960s with the

We examine arguments for a new Longitudinal Household Survey (LHS) in New Zealand, and design and governance arrangements that would best realise the value of a new LHS. Other instruments such as cohort studies, cross-sectional surveys, the census and longitudinally linked administrative data will only go part way in filling the gap left by the end of SoFIE (Survey of Family Income and Employment Dynamics). There are some key areas of social science and policy focus, such as the dynamics, causes and consequences of poverty spells, that will only ever be clarified by data from an LHS. In addition, a purpose-designed LHS will enable a wide range of phenomena to be investigated in a multidisciplinary and household context using internationally comparable concepts that can be supplemented over time in response to emerging issues. The next step is to define a specific option for a new LHS, and evaluate prospective research and policy benefits against the costs.

The Penn State Workforce Education and Development Initiative conducted an analysis of the economic impact of paper mills in Blair County in Pennsylvania. Among the firms operating paper mills in Blair County are American Eagle Paper Mills in Tyrone, Pennsylvania, and Appleton Papers in Roaring Spring, Pennsylvania. The Initiative's analysis reveals that paper mill operations have a remarkably strong impact on jobs, income, and property taxes in Blair County, despite facing an especially tough and competitive economic environment.Products manufactured by paper mills are classified in the North American Industrial Classification System code 322121. According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, establishments in this industry "are primarily engaged in manufacturing paper. These establishments may manufacture or purchase pulp. In addition, these establishments may convert the paper they make." During 2010,the U.S. paper mills industry is estimated to employ 40,076 in 297 mills owned by 175 companies.

Presentation du projet britannique Artists' Papers Register qui vise a faire un recensement des endroits ou l'on peut trouver des papiers (papers) et des sources primaires d'artistes et de concepteurs dans les Iles britanniques

Statistically valid records of birth and death registration do not yet exist in the Sudan. The 1955/56 sample census gave some evidence - though not very conclusive 1 The evidence from the 1955/56 sample census is not quite conclusive, partly because the administrative divisions for which the census data are available do not always coincide with the ethnic or mode of life divisions. Further, the available indices are inadequate and unreliable, and throw no light on the possible causes of the differentials. For further details see my article on 'Population of the Sudan' in Essays on Sudan Economy, forthcoming. - that there were fertility differentials in the country. These differentials were of three main types. First, there were differentials between the inhabitants of the three Southern provinces where recorded fertility levels were exceptionally - indeed suspiciously - high; and the Northern provinces where recorded fertility levels were considerably lower. Second, within the Northern populations, there appeared to be fertility differentials between the settled agricultural populations on the one hand, and the pastoral nomads on the other, fertility among the latter being apparently unusually low. Third, there was some evidence of urban-rural differentials.

In this article I review the modeling of capture, recapture, and removal statistics for the purpose of estimating demographic parameters of fish and wildlife populations. Topics considered include capture-recapture models, band or tag return models, removal and catch per unit effort models, selective removal or change-in-ratio models, radio-tagging survival models, and nest survival models. The purpose is to present important concepts in a general manner for the benefit of a wide audience of statisticians. I will not attempt to be comprehensive, and I indulge in speculation about future directions. I indicate the importance of different statistical tools to this subject, such as Bayesian inference, “boot strapping,” robustness studies, goodness-of-fit tests. I also emphasize connections to other application areas of statistics. Capture-recapture methods, for example, are being considered for estimation of a variety of elusive human populations, such as the homeless and people missed in the census...

A thoughtful book on a subject that can be quite vexing, Shades of Citizenship benefits greatly from the comparative analytical framework employed. The central poles of comparative attention are the U.S. and Brazilian censuses, but Nobles also comments on a range of other national processes of census-taking and systems of racial classification employed; Germany and South Africa as well as other Latin American, African, and European countries are mentioned.