9 results on '"Barnes, John"'
Search Results
2. Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Predominance of the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variants - United States, June 2021-January 2022.
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Lambrou, Anastasia S., Shirk, Philip, Steele, Molly K., Paul, Prabasaj, Paden, Clinton R., Cadwell, Betsy, Reese, Heather E., Aoki, Yutaka, Hassell, Norman, Xiao-yu Zheng, Talarico, Sarah, Chen, Jessica C., Oberste, M. Steven, Batra, Dhwani, McMullan, Laura K., Halpin, Alison Laufer, Galloway, Summer E., MacCannell, Duncan R., Kondor, Rebecca, and Barnes, John
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SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant , *SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant , *SARS-CoV-2 , *COVID-19 - Abstract
Genomic surveillance is a critical tool for tracking emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), which can exhibit characteristics that potentially affect public health and clinical interventions, including increased transmissibility, illness severity, and capacity for immune escape. During June 2021-January 2022, CDC expanded genomic surveillance data sources to incorporate sequence data from public repositories to produce weighted estimates of variant proportions at the jurisdiction level and refined analytic methods to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of national and regional variant proportion estimates. These changes also allowed for more comprehensive variant proportion estimation at the jurisdictional level (i.e., U.S. state, district, territory, and freely associated state). The data in this report are a summary of findings of recent proportions of circulating variants that are updated weekly on CDC's COVID Data Tracker website to enable timely public health action.† The SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY sublineages) variant rose from 1% to >50% of viral lineages circulating nationally during 8 weeks, from May 1-June 26, 2021. Delta-associated infections remained predominant until being rapidly overtaken by infections associated with the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA sublineages) variant in December 2021, when Omicron increased from 1% to >50% of circulating viral lineages during a 2-week period. As of the week ending January 22, 2022, Omicron was estimated to account for 99.2% (95% CI = 99.0%-99.5%) of SARS-CoV-2 infections nationwide, and Delta for 0.7% (95% CI = 0.5%-1.0%). The dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants in 2021, including Delta- and Omicron-driven resurgences of SARS-CoV-2 transmission across the United States, underscores the importance of robust genomic surveillance efforts to inform public health planning and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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3. Investigation of a Suspect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Influenza A Mixed Outbreak: Lessons Learned for Long-Term Care Facilities Nationwide.
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Schrodt, Caroline A, Malenfant, Jason H, Hunter, Jennifer C, Slifka, Kara Jacobs, Campbell, Angela, Stone, Nimalie, Whitehouse, Erin R, Wittry, Beth, Christensen, Bryan, Barnes, John R, Brammer, Lynnette, Hemarajata, Peera, Green, Nicole M, Civen, Rachel, Gounder, Prabhu P, and Rao, Agam K
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INFLUENZA diagnosis , *COVID-19 , *PREVENTION of communicable diseases , *LABORATORIES , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission , *LONG-term health care - Abstract
A suspected outbreak of influenza A and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at a long-term care facility in Los Angeles County was, months later, determined to not involve influenza. To prevent inadvertent transmission of infections, facilities should use highly specific influenza diagnostics and follow Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines that specifically address infection control challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Interim Estimates of 2018-19 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - United States, February 2019.
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Doyle, Joshua D., Chung, Jessie R., Kim, Sara S., Gaglani, Manjusha, Raiyani, Chandni, Zimmerman, Richard K., Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L., Jackson, Lisa A., Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Foust, Angie, Sessions, Wendy, Berman, LaShondra, Garten, Rebecca J., Barnes, John R., Wentworth, David E., and Fry, Alicia M.
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INFLUENZA vaccines , *VACCINE effectiveness , *SEASONAL influenza , *ADULT respiratory distress syndrome , *DISEASE incidence , *MEDICAL consultation , *HOSPITAL care - Abstract
In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/whoshouldvax.htm). Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine varies by season. During each influenza season since 2004-05, CDC has estimated the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine to prevent laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with medically attended acute respiratory illness (ARI). This interim report uses data from 3,254 children and adults enrolled in the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (U.S. Flu VE Network) during November 23, 2018-February 2, 2019. During this period, overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness against all influenza virus infection associated with medically attended ARI was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 34%-57%). For children aged 6 months-17 years, overall vaccine effectiveness was 61% (44%-73%). Seventy-four percent of influenza A infections for which subtype information was available were caused by A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be 46% (30%-58%) against illness caused by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. CDC recommends that health care providers continue to administer influenza vaccine because influenza activity is ongoing and the vaccine can still prevent illness, hospitalization, and death associated with currently circulating influenza viruses, or other influenza viruses that might circulate later in the season. During the 2017-18 influenza season, in which influenza A(H3N2) predominated, vaccination was estimated to prevent 7.1 million illnesses, 3.7 million medical visits, 109,000 hospitalizations, and 8,000 deaths (1). Vaccination can also reduce the severity of influenza-associated illness (2). Persons aged ≥6 months who have not yet been vaccinated this season should be vaccinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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5. Update: Influenza Activity - United States, September 30, 2018-February 2, 2019.
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Blanton, Lenee, Dugan, Vivien G., Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Brammer, Lynnette, Budd, Alicia P., Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Garg, Shikha, Garten, Rebecca, Gubareva, Larisa, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, O'Halloran, Alissa, Reed, Carrie, Rolfes, Melissa, Sessions, Wendy, Taylor, Calli, and Xiyan Xu
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INFLUENZA , *DISEASE incidence , *OUTPATIENT medical care , *HOSPITAL care , *PNEUMONIA-related mortality - Abstract
CDC collects, compiles, and analyzes data on influenza activity and viruses in the United States. During September 30, 2018-February 2, 2019,* influenza activity† in the United States was low during October and November, increased in late December, and remained elevated through early February. As of February 2, 2019, this has been a low-severity influenza season (1), with a lower percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI), lower rates of hospitalization, and fewer deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza, compared with recent seasons. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates among children are similar to those observed in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominant seasons; 28 influenza-associated pediatric deaths occurring during the 2018-19 season have been reported to CDC. Whereas influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated in most areas of the country, influenza A(H3N2) viruses have predominated in the southeastern United States, and in recent weeks accounted for a growing proportion of influenza viruses detected in several other regions. Small numbers of influenza B viruses (<3% of all influenza-positive tests performed by public health laboratories) also were reported. The majority of the influenza viruses characterized antigenically are similar to the cell culture-propagated reference viruses representing the 2018-19 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine viruses. Health care providers should continue to offer and encourage vaccination to all unvaccinated persons aged ≥6 months as long as influenza viruses are circulating. Finally, regardless of vaccination status, it is important that persons with confirmed or suspected influenza who have severe, complicated, or progressive illness; who require hospitalization; or who are at high risk for influenza complications be treated with antiviral medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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6. Update: Influenza Activity - United States, October 1-November 25, 2017.
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Dugan, Vivien G., Blanton, Lenee, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Brammer, Lynnette, Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Davis, Todd, Flannery, Brendan, Fry, Alicia M., Garg, Shikha, Garten, Rebecca, Gubareva, Larisa, Yunho Jang, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, Lindstrom, Stephen, Mustaquim, Desiree, and O'Halloran, Alissa
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INFLUENZA , *PUBLIC health , *INFLUENZA A virus , *INFECTION , *INFLUENZA viruses - Abstract
Influenza activity in the United States was low during October 2017, but has been increasing since the beginning of November. Influenza A viruses have been most commonly identified, with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. Several influenza activity indicators were higher than is typically seen for this time of year. The majority of influenza viruses characterized during this period were genetically or antigenically similar to the 2017-18 Northern Hemisphere cell-grown vaccine reference viruses. These data indicate that currently circulating viruses have not undergone significant antigenic drift; however, circulating A(H3N2) viruses are antigenically less similar to egg-grown A(H3N2) viruses used for producing the majority of influenza vaccines in the United States. It is difficult to predict which influenza viruses will predominate in the 2017-18 influenza season; however, in recent past seasons in which A(H3N2) viruses predominated, hospitalizations and deaths were more common, and the effectiveness of the vaccine was lower. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications. Multiple influenza vaccines are approved and recommended for use during the 2017-18 season, and vaccination should continue to be offered as long as influenza viruses are circulating and unexpired vaccine is available. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* during October 1-November 25, 2017 (surveillance weeks 40-47).†. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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7. Influenza Activity - United States, 2015-16 Season and Composition of the 2016-17 Influenza Vaccine.
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Davlin, Stacy L., Blanton, Lenee, Kniss, Krista, Mustaquim, Desiree, Smith, Sophie, Kramer, Natalie, Cohen, Jessica, Cummings, Charisse Nitura, Garg, Shikha, Flannery, Brendan, Fry, Alicia M., Grohskopf, Lisa A., Bresee, Joseph, Wallis, Teresa, Sessions, Wendy, Garten, Rebecca, Xiyan Xu, Abd Elal, Anwar Isa, Gubareva, Larisa, and Barnes, John
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INFLUENZA viruses , *INFLUENZA vaccines , *PUBLIC health , *NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *BLOOD agglutination , *CHILD mortality - Abstract
During the 2015-16 influenza season (October 4, 2015-May 21, 2016) in the United States, influenza activity* was lower and peaked later compared with the previous three seasons (2012-13, 2013-14, and 2014-15). Activity remained low from October 2015 until late December 2015 and peaked in mid-March 2016. During the most recent 18 influenza seasons (including this season), only two other seasons have peaked in March (2011-12 and 2005-06). Overall influenza activity was moderate this season, with a lower percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI),(†) lower hospitalization rates, and a lower percentage of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) compared with the preceding three seasons. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses predominated overall, but influenza A(H3N2) viruses were more commonly identified from October to early December, and influenza B viruses were more commonly identified from mid-April through mid-May. The majority of viruses characterized this season were antigenically similar to the reference viruses representing the recommended components of the 2015-16 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine (1). This report summarizes influenza activity in the United States during the 2015-16 influenza season (October 4, 2015-May 21, 2016)(§) and reports the vaccine virus components recommended for the 2016-17 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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8. Interim Estimates of 2018-19 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness -- United States, February 2019.
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Doyle, Joshua D., Chung, Jessie R., Kim, Sara S., Gaglani, Manjusha, Raiyani, Chandni, Zimmerman, Richard K., Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L., Jackson, Lisa A., Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Foust, Angie, Sessions, Wendy, Berman, LaShondra, Garten, Rebecca J., Barnes, John R., Wentworth, David E., and Fry, Alicia M.
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INFLUENZA vaccines , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *VIRAL load , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *SEASONAL influenza , *DIAGNOSIS , *PREVENTION ,MORTALITY risk factors - Abstract
The article presents interim estimates on influenza vaccine effectiveness for the 2018-19 season in the U.S. as of February 2019. Topics discussed include the continuing elevation of influenza activity led by the influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, the approximate 40%-60% vaccine effectiveness, and its differences in some age groups, geographic circulation of viruses, and genetic variations in virus subtypes. Also noted is vaccination's continuing status as the best method for influenza prevention.
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- 2019
9. Update: Influenza Activity -- United States, September 30, 2018--February 2, 2019.
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Blanton, Lenee, Dugan, Vivien G., Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Brammer, Lynnette, Budd, Alicia P., Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Garg, Shikha, Garten, Rebecca, Gubareva, Larisa, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, O'Halloran, Alissa, Reed, Carrie, Rolfes, Melissa, Sessions, Wendy, Taylor, Calli, and Xu, Xiyan
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INFLUENZA diagnosis , *INFLUENZA prevention , *INFLUENZA transmission , *ANTIVIRAL agents , *INFLUENZA epidemiology , *VIRAL pneumonia , *DISEASE susceptibility , *DRUG resistance in microorganisms , *HOSPITAL care , *OUTPATIENT services in hospitals , *INFLUENZA , *INFLUENZA vaccines , *INFLUENZA A virus, H3N2 subtype , *POPULATION geography , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *INFLUENZA B virus , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The article presents an influenza activity update in the U.S. from September 30, 2018-February 2, 2019. Topics discussed include the virologic surveillance for influenza, the antigenic and genetic qualities, and antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses, outpatient illness monitoring, and the geographic scope of influenza activity. Also noted are estimates on the numbers of symptomatic illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by influenza virus infection.
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- 2019
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