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Introduction Advances in computing have made it easier to produce three dimensional (3D) models of heritage material culture. Incorporating these models into virtual reality (VR) games has the potential to increase peoples engagement with other communities including those from the past. This paper examines the creation of 'Uvira's Pot' (uviras-pot.vercel.app), a prototype VR puzzle game where the user reassembles a ceramic vessel from fifteen sherds. Refitting vessels is an important archaeological technique that can provide information on the function and origin of the artefact. A broken ceramic vessel can also reveal details, such as the mineral crystals in the clay, that act as temper, and the colour of the core, which relates to firing conditions. Agarabi speakers of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) were the only recorded highlanders to make pottery (Watson, 1993). In 1987, the creation of several vessels in three different highland villages was documented by Chris Ballad in field notes and photographs. Recently these notes were prepared for academic publication and the 'Uvira's Pot' application was created as an experiment in conveying this research to a less academic audience. One vessel, created by Uvira of Anonantu has unfortunately broken and this was used for the application. The time and effort spent assembling puzzles, both 2D and 3D, often connects the puzzler with the object of the puzzle, and can also lead to closer inspection of details on the object (or image) (Balabanian & Shahrabi, 2022). It is hypothesised that when reconstructing Uvira's vessel some puzzlers will become interested in how it was created and the photographs of the different steps in its creation (the chaîne opératoire) have been displayed around the virtual space. Asset Creation Digital models of the sherds were created with photogrammetry using the Polycam iPhone application (photo mode). The models, while not archival quality, were sufficient for a VR experience. The automatic model scaling, was incorrect for the smaller pieces and the models had to be normalised to sherd measurements. The colouring of at least one sherd could have been improved. To reduce the mesh polygon count, Metashape mesh decimation was used. The photo panels were made using Affinity Designer and importantly sized to have lengths and widths of pixel numbers that were a power of two. Coding VR applications can be downloaded or viewed via a webpage in a browser. The later option is more likely to attract a casual user. The Three.js JavaScript library allows for the display and manipulation of 3D models. The library has code examples that can be combined and modified to allow models to be moved with VR controllers such as those for the Quest2 (with which the application was tested). In the application the initialisation step imports the sherds and places them randomly on a grass floor. The photographs of vessel creation are in a circle around the user. With either hand controller, the user can select and move a sherd and place them together to reveal the pot form. Conclusion VR websites to convey archaeological research, can be created with minimal JavaScript experience and it should now be possible for others to modify the publicly available code (https://github.com/tosca-har) to create experiences focusing on the material culture of other regions. Phone photogrammetry applications have made asset creation much easier, although model retropology is essential. The ethics behind creating models, especially those of artefacts from communities previously exploited by colonisation, should always be considered and appropriate permissions sort. User testing protocols are currently being designed so that the ability of the application in engaging the audiences' interest in the Agarabi pottery chaîne opératoire. The creation of sites with 3D models has greatly facilitated by Three.js, thus lowering the time costs associated with site creation, and allowing for more experimentation to find puzzles that will effectively communicate the wonders of Papuan, and other, material culture. References Balabanian, A. and Shahrabi, S. (2022) Dev Chat #5: The Making of "Behind High Walls" (https://puzzlingplaces.ghost.io/devchat5/) Watson, V.D. (1993). Adzera and Agarabi: contrastive ceramics in Papua New Guinea. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 102(3), 305–318.

Screen-printed membrane sensors based on the use of paper and ceramic substrates are fabricated, characterized, and used for rapid batch and continuous monitoring of CrIII in the form of CrO42&minus, in some industrial products and wastewater samples. Strips of paper and ceramic platforms (15 &times, 5 mm) were covered with conductive carbon paint and then modified with polyaniline (PANI) film, to act as an ion-to-electron transducer, followed by a drop casting of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) Rhodamine-B chromate membrane as a recognition sensing material. In a 5.0 mmol L&minus, 1 Trizma buffer solution of pH ~8, the fabricated paper and ceramic based membrane sensors exhibited a near Nernstian response for CrVI ion with slopes of &minus, 29.7 &plusmn, 0.5 and &minus, 28.6 &plusmn, 0.3 mV decade&minus, 1, limit of detection 2.5 &times, 10&minus, 5 and 2.4 &times, 6 mol L&minus, 1 (1.3&ndash, 0.12 &micro, g mL&minus, 1), and linear concentration range 7.5 &times, 3&ndash, 5.0 &times, 5 and 7.5 &times, 1.0 &times, 5 mol L&minus, 1 (390-0.5 &micro, 1), respectively. Both sensors exhibited fast and stable potentiometric response, excellent reproducibility, and good selectivity with respect to a number of common foreign inorganic species. Impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry data revealed a small resistance and a larger double layer capacitance due to the presence of the intermediate polyaniline (PAN) conductive layer. Furthermore, the formation of a water layer between the ion selective membrane (ISM) and the underlying conductor polymer and between the conducting polymer and the carbon conducting surface was greatly reduced. The developed disposable solid-contact potentiometric sensors offer the advantages of simple design, long term potential stability, flexibility, miniaturization ability, short conditioning time, and cost effectiveness that enable mass production. The sensors were successfully used for static and hydrodynamic measurements of total chromium in some leather tanning wastewater and nickel-chrome alloy samples. The results compare favorably with data obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.

International audience; Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), also known as electron spin resonance (ESR), is more and more used in archaeology, and types of materials analyzed or purposes expand each year. Among its applications, dating is one of the most important. Many materials containing quartz or carbonates could be dated, from sediments to tephras including heated lithic artifacts and potteries, but also teeth, speleothems, shells, corals, and even mortars or plasters. The thermal history is also an important information which can be obtained by EPR to understand ancient ways of using fire for cooking or for lithic or ceramic industry. A third application is the determination of the soil or water source, which could help to understand whence original matter used for lithic or ceramic industry came or to describe climatic environment of settlements. Archaeological artifacts can also be studied, leading to the knowledge of ancient pigments and techniques used in glasses, oil paintings, or inks. Ideas of aging status or processes can be obtained for organic materials such as paper, wood, or leather. Finally, other alternative EPR experiments, such as other frequencies than X-band, EPR microscopy, and pulsed EPR, will be described. In several archaeological research domains, EPR has been, only recently, frequently used, and a lot of effort is spent to increase reliability of the results, especially in EPR dating of the earliest or oldest samples, but also in thermal history, and tendencies to try to normalize procedures for better accuracies and easier comparisons are observed.

Pyocyanin is a toxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we describe a novel paper-based electrochemical sensor for pyocyanin detection, manufactured with a simple and inexpensive approach based on electrode printing on paper. The resulting sensors constitute an effective electrochemical method to quantify pyocyanin in bacterial cultures without the conventional time consuming pretreatment of the samples. The electrochemical properties of the paper-based sensors were evaluated by ferri/ferrocyanide as a redox mediator, and showed reliable sensing performance. The paper-based sensors readily allow for the determination of pyocyanin in bacterial cultures with high reproducibility, achieving a limit of detection of 95 nM and a sensitivity of 4.30 μA/μM in standard culture media. Compared to the similar commercial ceramic based sensors, it is a 2.3-fold enhanced performance. The simple in-house fabrication of sensors for pyocyanin quantification allows researchers to understand in vitro adaptation of P. aeruginosa infections via rapid screenings of bacterial cultures that otherwise are expensive and time-consuming.

Background: The operative image for minimal access surgery currently is displayed on a monitor located outside the sterile field. It is ergonomically advantageous to locate the image adjacent to the surgeon’s hands by projection onto a sterile screen, but there has been no research into the optimal screen material. Methods: Several screen materials were compared for image resolution, brightness, variation of brightness with viewing angle, and image artifact. Results: Glossy materials perform poorly, whereas finely grained surfaces improve image clarity. Excessive roughness and incomplete opacity limit the image resolution. Conventional screen fabrics are unsuitable in this application. Ambient lighting and projector brightness affect image contrast, but a correct choice of material can address this. Practical issues such as moisture absorbency and ease of sterilization are considered. Conclusions: Potential screen materials were rejected because of excessive glare, poor resolution, and image artifact. Finely textured surfaces (e.g., polystyrene sheeting) provide an acceptable screen.

Latent lip print test results produced by permanent lipsticks are presented in this work. This cosmetic product, contrary to conventional lipsticks, does not leave visible prints and can thus be overlooked at the crime scene. As print vehicles the study used ceramics, glass, cotton fabric and paper. Lip prints were left to dwell for different periods and were later developed using aluminum powder, cobalt oxide powder and magnetic powder. The results show that identifiable lip prints can be obtained up to 30 days after being produced.

This paper reviews recent studies by the authors on the surface characterization of biomedically significant materials through electroosmosis determination. The surfaces studied include transparent and nontransparent materials such as quartz, ceramics, paper, and cast polymer capillaries, slides, and particles, in both native and surface modified form. The method is nondestructive, relatively fast, mechanistically simple, automatable to varying degrees, and can be used to analyze samples under physiologically compatible conditions. New experimental and mathematical modeling approaches allow estimates to be obtained with regard to the surface density and pK of various chemical groups, as well as the thickness of polymer or other surface coatings. Surface modifications which may be characterized include, covalent alteration via radiofrequency plasma discharge or organosilane grafting, noncovalent alteration via polymer adsorption, and covalent grafting of neutral polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) or dextran. Results complement those from other surface analysis techniques, and correlate with physiologically significant phenomena such as protein adsorption.

''Kâğıt katkılı seramik bünyelerin araştırılması ve seramik uygulamaları'' başlığı altındaki bu tezde, çamur içerisine karıştırılan katkı maddeleriyle elde edilen, kâğıt katkılı seramik çamuru incelenmiştir. Yapılan uygulamalar eşliğinde malzemenin kullanılabilirliği ve geleneksel seramik çamurlarına göre sahip olduğu avantajlar ve dezavantajlar tespit edilmiştir.Seramiğin gelişim süreci incelendiğinde, tarih boyunca kil malzemeye, bitki lifi, kumaş parçaları, saman, ot gibi birçok organik malzeme ilave edilmiş böylelikle şekillendirilmesi zor olan tüm tasarımlar kolaylıkla üç boyutlu hale getirilmiş ve çamurun mukavemeti arttırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sanatçılar şekillendirme sırasında kullandıkları malzemeyle karşılaştıkları sorunlara farklı çözümler aramışlardır. Günümüzde geleneksel seramik çamurlarına karıştırılan kâğıt ile oluşturulan, kâğıt katkılı seramik çamuru, kilin sahip olduğu plastik özelliği bozmadan kile ekstra olumlu özellikler kazandırmış ve kilin mukavemetini arttırmıştır.Kâğıt katkılı seramik çamurlarında, kile karıştırılan kâğıt, selüloz lifleri ile çamuru bir ağ gibi sarar. Seramik çamurunu çevreleyen selüloz lifleri çamurun mukavemetini artırıp, çatlama, esneme, yamulma, bükülme gibi deformasyonların minimum düzeyde olmasını sağlar. Kâğıt katkılı seramik bünyelerde yaş ya da kuru halde, bir yerden başka bir yere taşınmaları durumunda çatlama görülmez. İçi dolu olarak şekillendirilen heykel çalışmalarında selüloz liflerinin etkisinden dolayı pişirim sırasında patlama görülmez. Her durumda bünyelerin birbirine eklenebilmesini sağlamakta ve kâğıt katkılı olmayan bünyelerin bile tamir ve onarımında rahatlıkla kullanılabilmektedir. Sıra dışı incelikteki bünyelerin oluşturulmasında, büyük duvar panolarının oluşturulmasında, iç mekânlarda ince ve ışık geçirebilme özelliğine sahip aydınlatma elemanlarının yapılmasında kâğıt katkılı seramik çamuru normal çamura göre birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır.Tez kapsamı içerisinde yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda oluşturulan uygulamalar, şekillendirilen forma uygun yüzde oranlarıyla kâğıt lapası ve seramik çamurunun karıştırılması sonucu meydana getirilmiştir. Geleneksel seramik çamurları ile yapılması güç olan formlar rahatlıkla uygulanmıştır. Kâğıt katkılı seramik çamuru bir kâğıt kadar ince kullanılabilmiş, ancak kâğıtla yapılabilecek kadar ince olan formlar bile bu çamurla kolaylıkla uygulanabilmiştir. Şekillendirme sırasında çamurda yırtılma, kopma ve çatlama gibi olumsuzluklar gözlenmemiştir. Pişirim sonrası çamur içerisindeki kâğıtların yanması sonucu bünyenin olduğundan daha fazla hafiflediği görülmüştür. Kâğıt katkılı seramik çamuru kullanılarak çamur miktarından maksimum ölçüde tasarruf elde edilmiştir.Kâğıt katkılı seramik çamuru, sanatçıların özgün tasarımlarını sorunsuz bir şekilde oluşturmalarına olanak sağlayan bir malzeme olma özelliği ile günümüz seramik sanatçıları tarafından sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. In this thesis which is under the title of ?the analyze of the paper mixed ceramic bodies and ceramic applications?, ceramic mud mixed paper is analyzed. With the performed applications, the availability of the material and its advantages and disadvantages over the traditional ceramic mud is analyzed.When the development process of the ceramic is analyzed, throughout history, a lot of organic material such as plant fiber, fabric pieces, straw and grass have been added to the material of clay, thus all designs difficult to be formed have been easily made three-dimensional and the strength of the mud is tried to be increased. The artists have looked for different solutions against the problems that they are faced with because of the material which they use during shaping. Paper mixed ceramic mud which is consisted of the paper mixed with traditional ceramic mud in our day has brought extra positive features to the clay and has increased the strength of the clay.In the paper mixed ceramic mud, the paper, which is mixed with the clay, reticulates the mud with the cellulose fibers. The cellulose fibers surrounding the ceramic mud increases the strength of the mud and so it minimizes the deformations such as cracking, flexion, distortion and bending. In the paper mixed ceramic bodies, no cracking has been observed while they are transferring from somewhere to another place in the case that they are wet or dry. No cracking has been observed while firing because of the effects of cellulose fibers, in the sculpture works, that are studied while their insides are filled. In all cases it makes the bodies addable to each other and they can be easily used even while repairing and restoration of the paper unmixed bodies. Paper mixed ceramic mud has the edge on normal mud about making extraordinary thin bodies, making large wall panels, making lighting elements which are thin and have the feature of light-transmitting indoors.The performed applications following the searches within the scope of the thesis have been brought about as a result of mixing the paper mush with ceramic mud with the percentages that are accordant with the shaped form. The forms, whose shaping is difficult with the traditional ceramic mud, are easily applied. Paper mixed ceramic mud could be used thin like a paper, even the thin forms that can be made only paper have been easily applied with this mud. While shaping any negativeness like tearing, breakage and cracking hasn?t been observed. It has been observed that the body lightens much more as a result of the burning of the papers in mud after the firing. By using paper mixed ceramic mud, the mud quantity is economized maximum.Paper mixed ceramic mud is preferred frequently by today?s artists since it is a material that enables artists to create their unique designs without any problem. 101

The pressure on the European paper industry to further close its water circuits has increased significantly during the past decade. Since the technologies of the past can no longer meet the requirements of the future, new water treatment methods have become necessary. A constant rise in the interest in membrane technology expressed by the European paper industry confirms that in the future this method will evolve into a key technology for continued water savings. The publication provides an overview of current and future applications of membrane plants in the European paper industry. A range of technologies is briefly presented together with their advantages and drawbacks, and the economic potential of membrane use is discussed. Among other topics, the authors take a look at the utilization of membrane filtration for treating internal circulation water, partial flows containing coating colours, and biologically treated effluents. The technologies addressed include ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane bioreactor technology. Possible recovery and treatment routes for the concentrates produced by the nanofiltration of biologically treated effluents are examined and evaluated.

The successful in situ synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) on a microstructured paperlike matrix, comprising ceramic fibers as main framework and zinc oxide whiskers as selective support for the PtNPs, is reported. The as-prepared hybrid material (PtNPs@ZnO "paper") resembles ordinary paper products because it is flexible, lightweight, and easy to handle. In the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) with propene for exhaust gas purification, the PtNPs@ZnO paper demonstrates a high catalytic performance at a low reaction temperature, with one-third the dosage of precious platinum compared to conventional platinum-loaded honeycomb catalysts. These results imply that the combination of easily synthesized PtNPs and a unique fiber-network microstructure can provide excellent performances, promoting the effective transport of heat and reactants to the active sites of the platinum nanocatalysts. Thus, PtNPs@ZnO materials with paperlike practical aspects are promising catalytic materials for efficient NO(x) gas purification.

The physical, chemical and mineralogical characterisation of the ash resulting from a pulp mill boiler was performed in order to investigate the valorisation of this waste material through the production of added-value glassy materials. The ash had a particle size distribution in the range 0.06-53 microm, and a high amount of SiO(2) (approximately 82 wt%), which was present as quartz. To favour the vitrification of the ash and to obtain a melt with an adequate viscosity to cast into a mould, different amounts of Na(2)O were added to act as fluxing agent. A batch with 80 wt% waste load melted at 1350 degrees C resulting in a homogeneous transparent green-coloured glass with good workability. The characterisation of the produced glass by differential thermal analysis and dilatometry showed that this glass presents a stable thermal behaviour. Standard leaching tests revealed that the concentration of heavy metals in the leaching solution was lower than those allowed by the Normative. As a conclusion, by vitrification of batch compositions with adequate waste load and additive content it is possible to produce an ash-based glass that may be used in similar applications as a conventional silicate glass inclusively as a building ecomaterial.

Waste prevention is a principle means of achieving the goals of waste management and a key element for developing sustainable economies. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute substantially to environmental degradation, often not even being aware of their environmental effects. Therefore, several initiatives have been launched in Austria aimed at supporting waste prevention measures on the level of SMEs. To promote the most efficient projects, they have to be evaluated with respect to their contribution to the goals of waste management. It is the aim of this paper to develop a methodology for evaluating waste prevention measures in SMEs based on their goal orientation. At first, conceptual problems of defining and delineating waste prevention activities are briefly discussed. Then an approach to evaluate waste prevention activities with respect to their environmental performance is presented and benchmarks which allow for an efficient use of the available funds are developed. Finally the evaluation method is applied to a number of former projects and the calculated results are analysed with respect to shortcomings and limitations of the model. It is found that the developed methodology can provide a tool for a more objective and comprehensible evaluation of waste prevention measures.

Paper recycling is an environmental important activity that is carried out in all the countries, but during the recycling process a paper waste is produced. Generally these wastes are placed in landfill sites but it is possible to profit it as secondary fuel and raw material in manufacture furnaces. In this work the combustion of the waste papers with cement and ceramic raw material has been studied with the objective to analyse the interaction of these substances with the emitted pollutants like PAHs and PCDD/Fs. The results of the study show that the presence of inorganic material produces an increment in the lighter PAH emission but chlorinated compounds are not affected. The PCDD/F emission level found in the combustion of this waste is quite low compared with other wastes subjected to similar conditions.

Because of spore formation, Bacillus anthracis is considered the most resistant biological warfare agent known. The present study aimed to assess and compare well-known decontamination routes to inactivate the spores on daily-use environmental tools contaminated previously. To simulate the agent, Bacillus atrophaeus was used. Various environmental samples (such as tile, fabric clothing, wood, protective suit, glass, paper, soil, water, plastic, and metal) that may be contaminated after a biological incident were used as test carriers and inoculated with B. atrophaeus. Sodium hypochlorite, free chlorine, autoclaving, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet irradiation, and boiling decontaminated the samples. Glutaraldehyde (2%) and free chlorine solution (10,000 mg/L) were also found to be effective in decontaminating the samples and are recommended as alternatives to the use of sodium hypochlorite solution. Soil, tile, paper, and metal were determined to be the most difficult materials to decontaminate. It was concluded that 5% hypochlorite adjusted with acetic acid might also be used for decontamination. Decontamination strategies to reduce contamination of the environment by biological warfare agents need to be applied to mitigate the number of victims, in terms of prominent characteristics like cost-effectiveness and user-friendliness.

International audience; This tutorial review intends to show, through demonstrative examples chosen from the recent literature, how surface characterisation conducted by modern investigation methods leads to very rich information on a cultural heritage artefact's history, fabrication techniques and conservation state. Application of surface science to conservation science is of great help for the definition of a conservation and restoration policy for museum and archaeological objects. A brief description of the investigation methods is given, together with relevant references for more detailed information.

Herhangi bir seramik çamuruna, hamur haline getirilmiş kağıt katılarak hazırlanan Paperclay, yani kağıt katkılı seramik çamurları, geleneksel seramik çamurlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, daha üstün özelliklere sahiptir. Farklı oranlarda kağıt hamurunun, sıvı seramik çamuru içine katılıp, karıştırılması ile kolaylıkla hazırlanır. Kağıdın yapısında giren selüloz liflerinin, seramik çamuru içinde ağsı bir yapı oluşturması, Paperclay'in yaş ve kuru halde iken ana seramik çamurun sahip olduğu dayanıklılıktan çok daha fazlasına sahip olmasını sağlar. Sahip olduğu bu dayanıklılık ile büyük işler ve geniş levhalar, çatlama, dönme gibi olumsuzluklardan fazla etkilenmeden, kolaylıkla gerçekleştirilebilir ve bisküvi pişirimi yapılmamış işler kolaylıkla bir yerden bir yere taşınabilir. Sahip olduğu her durumda eklenebilme özelliği sayesinde, geleneksel seramik çamurlarından farklı olarak, biri yaş diğeri kuru veya ikisi kuru hatta biri bisküvi pişirimi yapılmış diğeri yaş veya kuru iki parça birbirlerine eklenebilir. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı yapılan işin kuruması bir sorun yaratmaz. İşin herhangi bir aşamada kırılması veya çatlaması halinde de onarılması mümkündür. Pişirim esnasında kağıdın yanarak yok olmasından dolayı, seramik bünye hafifler. Seramik bünye pişirim sonrası, Paperclay karışımına giren ana seramik çamurun özelliklerine sahiptir. Bütün bu özellikleriyle, son derece yetenekli bir malzeme olan Paperclay, seramik sanatçılarına, geleneksel seramik çamurlarının özellikleriyle sınırlanan projelerini, daha özgürce gerçekleştirebilme şansı verir. İşleri üzerinde her durumda, yaş veya kuru iken diledikleri değişiklikleri yapabilirler. V When you compare conventional clay to Paperclay that is prepared with mixing any kind of clay and paper pulp, Paperclay has better quality than other conventional clay. Paperclay can be easily prepared with adding different ratios of paper pulp to liquid enough clay as cream and mixing. Cellulose fibres that comes from paper pulp, makes construction look like a web or plant roots in clay. That construction gives more strenght to clay in wet and dry conditions, than parent clay. By reason of that extra strenght, it's possible to easly make big size works and large slubs without cracking and warping. Also, unfired works can be moved in safe. Paperclay has property of joining in any conditions. By that property, wet paperclay piece can join to dry paperclay piece and dry paperclay pieces can join each other, also bisquet fired paperclay piece can join to wet or dry paperclay pieces. When working with paperclay, the work can be leave without covering because of dry pieces can be joined. If work cracks or breaks, when it is wet or dry conditions, it can be possible to repair. In firing process, paper in paperclay burn out, for this reason, after firing, clay body gets lighter. And clay body has properties of parent clay. All those properties, make paperclay extremely versatile medium for ceramic art. Artist work with paperclay can have extra freedom to realize their projects and when ever they want in working process, they can make changes on their work. VI 87