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Copyright of Journal Architecture & Planning is the property of King Saud University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Municipalities employ pilot projects, tests, living labs and similar initiatives to explore novel sustainable solutions for urban development. Nevertheless, civil servants often encounter challenges when attempting to scale up tested solutions, both within their own city and to other cities. To address this and increase knowledge on how theory can be utilised by practitioners, this research project has created a supportive tool aimed at facilitating the upscaling process. The development took place in co-creation with civil servants from the three largest cities in Sweden. The paper confirms earlier research on the need of institutional capacity as well as appropriate navigation between institutional logics as pre-requisites for upscaling. More specifically, institutional capacity plays a vital role for securing sufficient resources and mandates for upscaling, extending beyond mere dissemination of results. The supportive tool aims at enhancing this institutional capacity and translating between institutional logics. In addition, the paper contributes to the scientific debate on civil servants' understanding of different forms of upscaling and, consequently, the need to articulate these differences when facilitating upscaling. The paper emphasizes that upscaling should be conceptualised not as a discrete event but rather an ongoing process starting already when planning a pilot project. Science highlights: • It is pertinent for civil servants to elucidate institutional capacity as basis for upscaling • Civil servants working with upscaling, work in the tension between institutional logic. • Civil servants should employ a nuanced vocabulary, defining upscaling in each contex. • Upscaling is not a discrete event but rather an ongoing proces Policy and practice recommendation: • Defining upscaling for each sustainable solution is a central part of an upscaling process • Municipalities have to secure resources and mandate in order to make dedicated upscaling efforts • Possible future upscaling should be considered already when planning a pilot project [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erdkunde is the property of Universitaet Bonn, Geographisches Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to explore the causal relationship between the level of urban digital construction and urban economic growth, this paper takes 280 cities in China as the research object and constructs a comprehensive indicator evaluation system covering digital infrastructure, overall economic level, innovation development level, digital industry development status, and ecological environment conditions. Using the entropy method to weigh various indicators, this paper has obtained the evaluation results of the digital construction level of each city from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, a panel data regression model is used to empirically analyze the impact of urban digital construction level on urban economic growth. The results show that for every 1% increase in the level of urban digital construction, the GDP will increase by 0.974. Through the above research, we hope to further enrich the theoretical and empirical research in the field of the digital economy, provide a scientific and reasonable method for quantitatively evaluating the level of urban digital construction, and provide decision-making references for improving the level of urban digital construction and promoting sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological implementation and innovation represent essential pillars of contemporary society and are fundamental to its progress and evolution. In the urban development field, the concept of "smart city" rethinks the way of planning and managing cities by integrating emergent digital technologies that bring improvements in citizens’ way of life, while also increasing their efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. This paper aims to review a brief history of cities from ancient times until today, and the significant developments that determined the need for smart approach integration. For recent period, international and national trends and initiatives that impact smart city developments in Romania will be investigated. In addition, the innovative solutions promoted at the level of public administration will be highlighted by following the strategies and implementations in the phase of pilot projects, started or already used as prototypes, and private initiatives, as well as the impact of these smart approaches. For this purpose, an exploratory analysis is used at the level of multiple sources—town halls, county councils, various publications, specialized articles, magazines, companies, and non-governmental associations—following the mode in which the projects are framed on the thematics globally applied—people, economy, environment, governance, living, and mobility. Following the study, 1001 smart projects at the public level were identified in recent statistics, carried out by small, medium, and large cities in different stages of implementation. In addition, up-to-date private initiatives that led to urban transformation through the implementation of innovative solutions were pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of five parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. This section of the Review Notes deals with the new frontiers of urban development through the lenses of the European program NextGenerationEU. In particular, this contribution deals with the topic of sustainable development in urban environments, analysing it in the frame of the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan. The paper takes into account the recent PNRR strategies, projects, and initiatives that intervene in multiple sectors - such as the environment, energy, and infrastructures - to promote sustainable development. It provides an overview of the proposed projects and interventions in different urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International authorities such as the European Commission and the United Nations pay special attention to sustainable urban development, for this purpose, strategies such as the European Green Deal or the Sustainable Development Strategy 2030 agenda, SDG 11 Sustainable cities and communities are developed. Urban development represents a fundamental direction in the transition process towards the green economy, a sustainable economic model. The paper aims to identify the degree of efficiency of economic development in the context of sustainable development for 41 cities in Romania, Germany, Japan, United States of America and Australia. To achieve this objective, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used, with the aim of identifying the gaps regarding the sustainability of the analyzed cities. Data Envelopment Analysis allows the evaluation of the efficiency of urban settlements in the sample based on representative variables, selected as input. So, the research is ready to give answer to question like "What are the efficient cities in terms of sustainability?" and "What are the relationships between the cities included in the sample?". The main results showed that there are cities that have a model of sustainable economic development, but certain cities present significant gaps from the point of view of efficient sustainable economic development. In addition, port cities seem to develop an association relationship, with inefficient port cities being associated with efficient port cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the relationship between urban planning and mobility management, TeMA has gradually expanded the view of the covered topics, always following a rigorous scientific in-depth analysis. This section of the Journal, Review Notes, is the expression of a continuous updating of emerging topics concerning relationships among urban planning, mobility and environment, through a collection of short scientific papers. The Review Notes are made of five parts. Each section examines a specific aspect of the broader information storage within the main interests of TeMA Journal. This section of the Review Notes deals with the new frontiers of urban development through the lenses of the European program NextGenerationEU. In particular, this contribution deepens the topic of adaptation to climate change in cities, analysing the interventions proposed within the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan. The paper takes into account the recent PNRR strategies, projects, and initiatives aimed at coping with global warming effects in urban environments and with the increasing vulnerability of cities to climate events. Also, this paper provides an overview of the proposed projects and interventions in different Italian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed research on East Africa, multiple risks and Climate Change using bibliometric analysis. The main findings are that for many countries in East Africa, studies are absent, even on single risk assessments. Overall, multi-risk assessments that analyze hazard and impact chains are missing. Only a few cities have received scientific attention at the city level. The findings can help scientists as well as policymakers identify research blind spots as well as research-rich samples for further studies. This will be important for comparing regions, countries, or cities in East Africa in global assessments or science policy reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrastructural design, transport and mobility policies are strong instruments for interpreting historical urban and regional transformation processes. The paper addresses the intercausalities between both of them. To do so, it briefly sketches debates on the causalities of transport infrastructure and urbanisation and the theory of technological politics, drawing attention to the relationship between transport infrastructure and politics, and how infrastructures and their techno-political frames include means of power and authority. From there, the paper moves to the debate on the relationship between social justice and transport, showing how transport systems embody social processes and social (in)injustice. The history of agrarian extractivism in the region of Urabá in Colombia serves as a case study. The paper shows how existing transport networks of the region of Urabá have supported the expansion of agrarian extractivist industries and more specifically the production of transport (in)justice. It explores the development of the infrastructural network, transport systems and urbanisation of this region from the early 1900s onwards. Results show how the actual agrarian extractivist industries of the region are causing huge challenges related to the overlapping of transport scales, congestion and risks of accidents in urban areas, and how actual transport dynamics in the region are affecting urban development, generating a high segregation characterised by uneven distributions of public services and transport infrastructures. The paper reveals that the existing transport developments in the region of Urabá have no support for local development and are mainly thought for the efficiency of agrarian extractivist industries over local economic development. Agrarian extractivism has been a consistent factor in the economic, political and social spheres, and since colonial times the appropriation of natural resources and the dispossession of territories has been omnipresent. This paper explores the historical role of transport in agrarian extractivism, the long-term impact of the prolongation of old mechanisms, and the interrelations of the latter with current urbanisation and development. It concludes that infrastructural developments in this region have supported agrarian extractivist industries, first in colonial times, but also more recently, showing the deep embeddedness of the relation between mobility and urbanity in the (agrarian extractivist) development history of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of a smart city is still being developed despite the lack of a single universally accepted definition. It is implemented through different approaches in different cities around the world. The presented study concerns the improvement of this idea and the possibility of applying the solutions from Barcelona to the city of Kraków. This paper is based on the author's experience and observations during a trip to Catalonia and its capital - Barcelona - as well as a study of literature on the smart city. The author takes into account the specific topographical and environmental conditions of each city and the human-environment interactions that have shaped both cities over the centuries. The paper continues to focus on the challenges to smart cities following the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has demonstrated the need to modify ICT (Information and Telecommunications Technologies) applications related to the functioning of the city. Preliminary conclusions drawn from the pandemic also indicate that further development of smart cities should be based not only on ICT applications in public services and public spaces, but also on guaranteeing individual spaces for citizens to live in long-term isolation. In addition, attention was drawn to the need to improve both direct and electronic communication, especially by telephone with the authorities of Kraków, to enable "co-governance" in areas where the voice of the city's residents can be very valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of two community and citizen science research projects – Cities at Play and Community Drive – in which young students (aged 11–15) from vulnerable residential areas in Copenhagen, Denmark, collaborated with architects and urban developers to engage in urban development initiatives in their neighborhoods. An educational design was developed over the two research projects in which students underwent phases of discovery, interpretation, ideation, and experimentation. Data were collected from surveys, observations, and interviews to elucidate the ways that three bridges central to community and citizen science projects can function. These include professional (bridges student learning in school and professional communities outside school), citizen (bridges student learning in school and local communities), and student (bridges student learning in school and new student communities) bridges. This research makes both theoretical and practical advancements. Theoretically, it advances our thinking about the diverse roles that participants in multi-sector partnerships can have, as well as how CCS widens the view of cultural asset-based learning by viewing students as experts of their local communities. Practically, we offer four guidelines that were gleaned from the results that can be instructive for the design of future educational community and citizen science projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green development is a significant concept that cannot be ignored in contemporary society. However, in the context of China's transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development, the complex impact of urban development has brought great challenges to the urban green environment. In this paper, the impact of urban development on green development efficiency (GDE) was studied. First and foremost, a Super-SBM model was introduced to measure the GDE of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta during 2009–2018. Moreover, a Tobit model was used to analyze the correlation between four urban development factors, including economic development and GDE. According to the results, the mean GDE of the Yangtze River Delta is 0.824, and the GDE in most cities there has shown a fluctuating growth trend in this decade. By comparison, the GDEs of coastal cities and cities in the southeast of the Yangtze River Delta were generally higher than those of cities in the north, indicating that the green development is geographically unbalanced, and there is spatial heterogeneity in the area studied. The study's results also suggest that the urban economic development, innovation level, and government planning play a significant role in stimulating urban green development, and that the expansion of urban construction area hinders the improvement of GDE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporary uses are claimed to be new solutions for urban challenges, especially in a scenario characterized by scarce public-private resources. However, the role of temporariness in urban development is still ambiguous. The paper discusses the concept of temporary urbanism in the light of urban regeneration, other problematic concepts. The paper addresses current urban phenomena proposing a taxonomy of temporary uses to help clarify these ambiguities, highlighting differences and similarities among various European cases. Notably, the contribution aims to discuss whether temporary urbanism can be considered as a new method of urban regeneration or as a tool to perpetrate neoliberal policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia's population is projected to triple by 2101, yet the nation lacks coordinated planning based on systematic regional analysis. This paper documents a novel national-scale suitability analysis of Australia which identifies the most appropriate regions for future urban development. The central research question is 'Where should Australian federal and state governments encourage urban development to maximise climatic liveability, protect natural and cultural heritage, capitalise on previous infrastructure investments, and maximise economic productivity?' The results indicate that the south-east and south-west of the country, and Tasmania, are preferred. The federal government is yet to prepare a national settlement strategy and contemplates large scale urban development in areas to which it is not suited. Regional planning decisions not based on comprehensive, evidence-based analysis are likely to incur significant social, economic and environmental costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the growth of the Olympic Games against that of former host cities to understand whether this mega-event may have 'outgrown' its hosts. The increasing hosting requirements and governments' expansive use of mega-events as tools for urban development would suggest that the 'Olympic city' – a term we use for describing the size of the Olympics as hosted in different cities over the decades – has grown at a faster rate than former host cities. The analysis contrasts historical indicators that capture the evolving size of planning for the event based on four dimensions – sport, spectators, marketing and costs – as well as the urban dimension of hosting experiences (venues and infrastructure) with city trajectories based on demographic and economic indicators. This is done through a longitudinal analysis of former Olympic host cities from the 1960s and 1970s and from which continuous longitudinal data are available: Tokyo, Munich, and Montreal. The findings indicate that the Olympic city has grown more strongly than these former host cities, although not uniformly across trajectories. This gives evidence for the need to review the size of mega-event impacts if they ought to continue to generate interest in hosting them in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand plays an important role in the Arctic urban development as construction material and stable ground. Significance of its studies increases in face of permafrost degradation and coastal erosion and for understanding human capacities to restore natural landscapes after anthropogenic disturbances. This paper examines changing human interactions with sand in the city of Nadym, northwest of Siberia. The study utilizes an interdisciplinary approach which includes remote sensing and GIS analysis, field observations, and interviews with local residents and stakeholders. Analysis of spatial and social characteristics of sand demonstrates different roles of sand as part of the landscape, a resource, and as a mediator in urban and infrastructure development. Understanding the diversity of sand qualities, its uses, and perceptions is relevant for studies of landscape disturbances, resilience, vulnerability, and adaptive capacities of Arctic cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global socio-environmental challenges and local impacts, global agendas, and local implementation: multi-level governance has never been more important – or more complex. To keep track of progress and the challenges in sustainable urban development, monitoring systems at all levels are at different stages of development and in need of harmonisation. In this context, national reporting can link the global level with the local one by identifying and reviewing framework conditions, and setting indicator and data standards for cities, counties, and municipalities. This raises questions about the awareness of different issues, resource imbalances and, not least, the effectiveness of standardised monitoring. This paper provides valuable insights into the lessons learned from the preparation of the first national progress report on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda. The reflections could support further governance and monitoring efforts not only at the national level but also across all levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings attention to the diversity of urban conditions, actors, agency, and development paths in contrast to the imperatives of urban entrepreneurialism and competitiveness. Rather than presupposing the critical role of exogenous sources of growth, the aim of the current paper is in exploring empirically the role of local agency in achieving continuity or change through the lens of urban renewal. The data is drawn from three case studies of small, company towns (monogorods) in Russia. The paper concludes that in small towns local actors and endogenous resources play a strong role in achieving positive change. For Russian monogorods there is a tendency to 'merge' different types of agency into an all-embracing local-based leadership which despite the hierarchical power relations allows for certain decision-making autonomy from the central government. The study indicates the need to better account for diverse forms of human agency in various fields of urban development. While conventional approaches tend to prioritize formal hierarchies and derive agency from static positions of authority and economic power, we demonstrate that actors may assume different roles that do not neatly reflect their positions in a fixed and pre-defined manner or narrowly determined economic interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work addresses the relationship between the Italian city-making process following Unification (1861) and the development of military settlements up to the 1920s. The hypothesis presented here is that the building of military settlements and the redevelopment of spaces with new functions, arguably, shaped Italian cities over this period by implementing urban renewal processes and city expansion. Through my analysis, I claim that defence planning had an amenable effect upon the decision-making process of urban planning schemes. In addition, this paper claims that this process has impacted the location of military settlements in ways that boosted the economic and urban images of the city. I do this through a detailed case study of Milan's parade ground. Here, I found that the parade ground dismantling and relocation from the urban centre towards the periphery happened twice, relied on a specific narrative, and was catalysed by two mega-events. I demonstrate that defence planning plays a secondary role in boosting these operations aimed both at replacing military settlements with newly emerging functions and displacing the unwanted functions in the periphery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the features that make a city „family-friendly”. The actuality of the topic is given by the fact that the preferences of some young parents for choosing a place of living have changed in recent years, and families increasingly want to live in cities, close to urban cores. The study reviews the main characteristics of family-friendly cities in the light of some initatives aimed at creating family-friendly cities. It reveals the aspects of UNICEF’s „ChildFriendly Cities Initiative”, some American approaches and strategies for creating family-friendly environment, and the criteria for joining the „European Network of Family-Friendly Municipalities”. Based on all the above, the study summarizes the key features of family-friendly urban development. In the author's interpretation, creating familyfriendly cities means building a sustainable community that integrates the environmental, social and economic needs of the families living there. It is a multifaceted task which can only be realized within the framework of a long-term development strategy. The author of the study emphasizes the role of cooperation between municipalities, local companies, civil society, as well as the importance of involving families in urban planning and development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the transformative fusion of Quantum computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and advanced optical systems within smart city development. A significant innovation within this study is the concept of "optical IoT," wherein IoT relies on advanced optical technologies, including high-resolution cameras, LiDAR scanners, meters, sensors, and wearables, strategically distributed throughout urban environments for real-time image data acquisition. Traditional smart city models may rely on conventional data acquisition methods that are not real-time or high-resolution, leading to delayed and less accurate urban management decisions. Existing models might use disparate systems for monitoring and management, which can result in inefficient resource allocation and coordination, especially in critical situations like emergency response. In this research Advanced Smart City Architecture (ASCA) this integration empowers the system to excel in tasks such as semantic segmentation, enabling precise identification and categorization of urban elements. Quantum optical systems are employed in quantum-enhanced sensors, such as quantum-enhanced interferometers and atomic clocks. These sensors offer improved precision for measurements like distance, time, and acceleration. The ASCA approach equips city planners, administrators, and emergency responders with real-time urban monitoring and management capabilities. This dynamic system yields numerous advantages, including optimized resource allocation, enhanced traffic management, improved environmental quality, and swift emergency response capabilities. This research underscores the immense potential of ASCA in reshaping urban development and sustainability within smart cities. By harmonizing AI, IoT, and advanced optical systems, this paradigm shift enables smart cities to evolve into more efficient and resilient urban environments. These cities become finely attuned to the ever-evolving needs of their residents, ultimately fostering innovation and progress at an unprecedented scale. Proposed ASCA achieves an impressive 91.98% enhancement in sustainable smart city development when compared to these existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What makes a place what it is? What makes it valuable? Questions of this type inevitably relate to practices that articulate urban qualities. This paper investigates the processes and practices through which urban qualities are dis/qualified in urban development processes. Such practices frequently tend to focus on particular urban areas and their development, where some concrete and specific situated value is sensed to be at stake, and therefore often come to play out as struggles over the definition of the supposed ‘essence’ of a particular place, and with this, its qualities and value. The paper brings together the literatures of valuation studies and discussions of framing practices in relation to urban development. Drawing upon these theoretical groundings it conceptualises the dis/qualification of urban qualities as a form of ontological politics which articulates value by way of framing practices. Through the analysis of an empirical case drawn from a Swedish context it is argued that although values and qualities can be negotiated, it is nonetheless always highly uncertain to which degree value-negotiations will hold steady further downstream in the urban development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the age of the digital revolution, many cities around the world have made significant investments in planning and implementing smart city initiatives to address the issues of climate change and urbanisation. Concurrently, numerous attempts have been made to evaluate the performance and outcomes of these initiatives. In this study, a static and dynamic ranking of 33 selected cities for the period 2005–2019 is provided using dynamic factor analysis. In this comparative study, cities are evaluated and ranked on various smart drivers including technology, community, infrastructure, community, and governance to identify the best (and worst) smart city and to highlight the changes in smartness over the last 15 years. The results show that urban smartness has changed significantly over the past 15 years, but the smartness of most individual cities in the study has either steadily improved or remained constant. Further, smart practices vary significantly across cities, with Frankfurt, Washington, Munich, Los Angeles, and New York City showing relatively strong urban smartness, compared to the poor performance of Bratislava, Warsaw, and Prague. The findings of this study can serve as an empirical basis for identifying specific strengths and weaknesses of cities and as a knowledge-based decision-making tool for policymakers and metropolitan leaders in selecting policies that can improve the growth and performance of smart cities. The paper recommends several proposals to steer the efforts of policymakers and the private and public sectors towards more effective and efficient strategic planning and implementation of smart city initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many existing and developing urban centres including those in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria are undergoing rapid physical and economic growths, which contribute immensely to urban development. This urban development seems to benefit these centres, it can also, if not appropriately managed, create discrete challenges for them. This paper examined the urban development trends, characteristics and the need for integration of sustainability concepts into the urban development paradigm in Akwa Ibom State. The exploratory research approach was adopted for the study. It examined the concepts of sustainability, urbanization and urban areas; it also looked at urbanization trends in Nigeria and Akwa Ibom State in particular, and considered also the characteristics of urban areas in the state. The work revealed the need for the development of urban areas and integration of urban sustainability concepts into urbanization and urban development processes in the state as there are many benefits derivable. Based on the findings, it is concluded that formulating the necessary urbanization and urban development policies including establishment of statute for effective urban planning and management, the establishment of urban sustainability objectives and appropriate governance system that will serve as a vital prerequisite for developing, enhancing and sustain the transformative potentials embedded in urbanization and urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquity of industrial activities and their movement into what were once public buildings have been seen as defining features of late antique urban change. This paper presents a current synthesis on the material evidence of late antique (late third through seventh centuries AD) industry in Asia Minor, in both public and private contexts. Drawing together a dataset of over 100 production contexts in 39 cities, this article identifies large-scale trends in the archaeological record of urban industry in order to address some fundamental questions regarding: the degree to which this was a regionwide phenomenon, the phasing of this process in different building forms, and the evidence of different industries in this process. In so doing, it then considers the results of this study in relation to the wider debate concerning the slow and phased trends of continuity and change in late antique urbanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of urban land in Latin American cities has been extensive over the last 30 years. Urbanisation has grown considerably, and, according to the United Nations, it is expected that approximately 70% of the population will live in large cities by the year 2050. This process leads to more complex urban relations, more intense suburbanisation, larger settlements in the peripheral areas of cities and, subsequently, a significant reduction of urban green infrastructure. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the expansion areas defined in different planning instruments generate urban inclusion and are aligned with the already consolidated urban area. The case study areas are represented by the municipalities of Chía and Cajicá in the northern suburbs of Bogotá city, which have a strong integration with the central city. The methodology integrates data from municipal land use plans and the spatial syntax method to visualise the effect of expansion on urban morphology. The results obtained show that Chía presents an area of greater integration than Cajicá, specifically the centre of the municipality, in which there is a high level of functionality with respect to the new expansion areas defined in the Master Plan. This study concludes that the new expansion areas should be developed on the central axes, where the highest integration values are located, and at a greater distance from natural elements such as rivers. Finally, the methodological approach can be replicated to analyse other urban areas and support decision-making on urban functionality and expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative Cities (CCs) have emerged as a prominent topic of global interest, representing a novel approach to urban development that fosters sustainability. This study employed the CiteSpace bibliometric tool to conduct a knowledge mapping analysis of CC research, utilizing the Web of Science (WoS) core collection as the data source spanning from 2004 to 20 April 2023. The research provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development of CCs, supported by both theoretical foundations and empirical data. Furthermore, it identifies research hotspots, core themes, and future trends within the field. A total of 2270 articles were retrieved for this study, revealing an upward trajectory in the number of articles associated with specific keywords. The research encompasses various disciplines, including geography, economics, urban studies, sociology, and art. The key focal points of CC investigations encompass sustainable development, cultural heritage, and information technology. The advancement of CCs has primarily focused on three core areas: theoretical research, policy strategies, and developmental challenges. This study underscores the importance of addressing issues such as gentrification, embracing information technology, and bridging the gap between theory and practice in CC development. The literature suggests that there is a dearth of comprehensive frameworks, spanning from theory to practice, which could serve as guiding principles and evaluation tools for the establishment and progress of CCs. This observation carries significant theoretical implications, while also offering a springboard for further exploration of the research hotspots by other scholars in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the multitemporal landslide inventory map prepared for the urban areas of Motta Montecorvino and Volturino, two municipalities located in the Southern Apennines (Apulia Region, Italy). These territories show a high propensity to landslides of different types and magnitude, which periodically interfere with the anthropic structures and infrastructures. For the study area, the spatial and temporal distribution of landslides is detected for the period between 1954 and 2003, through the visual interpretation of multiple sets of black and white digital stereoscopic aerial photographs at different scales. The analysis reveals locally high frequency of landslide occurrence and built-up areas on existing landslides, either on the body or on the crown areas. In particular, we show that over the years new residential areas were developed despite the presence of large old mass movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Space & Society / Tér és Társadalom is the property of Centre for Economic & Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Geographical Review / Przegląd Geograficzny is the property of Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The critical current of urban regeneration scholarly research focusses on neoliberal urbanism. In concentrating on the neoliberal economic, business and financial dimensions as driving forces behind urban change and regeneration, the human dimension of city centres and city centre living is frequently overshadowed. This paper explores the human dimension through the example of Engage Liverpool, a citizen and neighbourhood organisation. This paper investigates citizen engagement with urban development in the setting of the city centre and central waterfront in Liverpool. The paper argues that despite the dominance of global neoliberal forces within regeneration, citizen and neighbourhood organisations such as Liverpool Engage may have the potential to facilitate citizens' participation as change makers in urban (re)development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of cities in China is becoming increasingly important, not just within China but globally. China's urban population has grown from about 200 million in 1980 to about 800 million or 59% in 2018: that is about twice the total population of the USA and 1.5 times the total population of the EU. China has over 100 cities with over a million people. There are also more and more papers being written about urbanisation in China. However, urban development in China is very unlike urban development in the west or in many other developing countries. Despite the growth of a large, dynamic market sector, China is still a Communist country in terms of the pervasive and leading role of the party and the state. The question posed in this commentary is whether urbanisation in China is unique; or, to be more precise, whether the post-reform Chinese experience of urbanisation since around 1980 is so unusual that it constitutes an entirely unique case which lies outside conventional generalisations about urban change processes. This question links to recent discussions of comparative urbanism in which various scholars have grappled with questions about the generalisability of urban theory and experience. The tentative conclusion is that Chinese urbanisation may be unique and is certainly not easily subsumed into standard discussions about urban development and urban change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the „discursive construction“ of the Iulius Town real estate development in Timișoara, Romania firstly by applying a critical discourse analysis of the discursive commitments of the property developer, and secondly by conducting a critical spatial analysis of the built environment. The results indicate the project is prone to exacerbate certain unsustainable environmental and social risks, contrary to the developer’s stated ‘urban regeneration’ claims. The critical spatial analysis also highlights that this privatized urban regeneration exercise effectively leads to a repurposed „right to the city“ supporting the establishment of public spaces with built-in for-profit purposes, in line with the neoliberal assumption that the fundamental priority of development should be consumption and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart cities have emerged as a pivotal aspect of urban planning and policy, leveraging technology and data analytics to enhance sustainability and citizens' quality of life. Nonetheless, the focus on residential neighbourhoods, integral components of cities, has been notably lacking in the sphere of smart city planning and policy. This paper endeavours to assess the evolution of smart cities in relation to neighbourhoods, elucidating dimensions and sectors while concentrating on comprehending project applications and their outcomes. This study employs a systematic literature review to ascertain the role of neighbourhoods within smart cities. Using content analysis, this methodology facilitates the accumulation of insights into smart city research and practice at the neighbourhood level. The paper empirically addresses these findings, identifying dimensions and pertinent sectors concerning residential neighbourhoods. Furthermore, it delves into projects and applications, elaborating on their implementation across diverse sectors. The analysis discerns gaps in technology-driven development planning for varying neighbourhood types within smart cities. Introducing technology-driven advancements into existing urban settings presents substantial challenges, particularly for developing nations, primarily due to limitations and constraints imposed by their current built environments. The study further underscores the perils tied to implementing city-level policies at the neighbourhood scale, prompting a query about their inclusivity. The findings imply the imperative of integrating physical planning and technology-driven solutions within smart city development, with a keen focus on neighbourhoods' social and physical characteristics. This approach becomes particularly significant when considering the inherent risks and constraints that accompany technology-based urban enhancements in the context of neighbourhoods. • Neighborhoods are an integral part of cities, but little research has been done on smart city development and assessment or neighborhoods. • The study employs the content analysis method to investigate dimensions, applications, and implementation of smart city development within urban neighbourhoods. • Smart city development in neighbourhoods predominantly centres on digital infrastructure, aligned with city-wide implementation policies. • The ongoing evolution of smart city development is incrementally fostering greater reliance on vehicular transportation within neighbourhoods. • There are limited discussions related to physical and social dimensions of neighbourhoods in the Smart City literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal markets emerged with the purpose of reorganizing the commerce of food products, significantly marking important changes in the space of the city and in the life of the population. In this sense, this paper aimed to discuss the changes that have taken place in the city of Taubaté, located in the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba and Litoral Norte (RMVPL), SP, and its relationship with the local municipal market, as well as to reflect on the importance of this place in the process of construction of the city, through the analysis of the historical context of the growth of the city. For the development of this research, a time frame was adopted, between the years 1800 to 1950, in a geohistorical perspective. in order to reflect on the relationship of this place with this growth. Therefore, a qualitative approach and exploratory research was carried out, analyzing the implantation, permanence, and architectural transformations, as well as the spatial organization that permeate the market in the different phases of the development of the municipality. Municipal Markets have always presented themselves as a connection between the countryside and the city, and between cities, as they are characterized as trade centers resulting from the intersection of trade routes and helped in the cohesive construction of the cities' cultural identity. The Taubaté market followed the city's growth process, at times connected to the process, at others, distancing itself from the dynamics of the city. However, it was a regional reference, which contributed to the growth of the city, not only because the commerce that took place there, boosted its expansion, but also because it was an access route to the Vale do Paraíba region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value capture (VC) is widely cited as a method for local authorities to provide urban public goods to their cities in the face of fiscal stress. Its application in practice however remains limited. In this article, we aim to explain the implementation process of VC as a strategy to fund public transportation infrastructure through case studies in London, New York, and Copenhagen. Adopting a theory of gradual institutional change, we argue that the implementation of VC depends on the capacity to change distributional institutions that are inherently contested. Particularly relevant is the role of the beneficiary, whose support of VC is necessary but not likely. Our results show that a strategic urban development project can act as a driver to overcome this barrier, but that this driver can, simultaneously, also hinder the institutionalization potential of a VC strategy. We therefore suggest that, for VC strategies to become more commonplace, sharing value uplifts among beneficiaries must become more commonplace too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disaster risk reduction should anticipate how future natural hazard risk would be influenced by changes in urban vulnerability. This paper investigates the effect of one key driver of change, urban development. It models current and future risk for the year 2041 in a rapidly growing urban area, Vancouver, Canada, from both earthquake and coastal flood hazard. Three urban development futures are considered—status quo, compact, and sprawled development—that differ in the housing stock configuration used to accommodate an identical, projected increase in population and dwellings. Results indicate that while exposure is expected to increase substantially in future, the implications for risk vary greatly between hazards and impact types. For earthquake, population increase is attenuated by improvements in the building stock, whereas for flooding, disaster impacts increase at a much higher rate than population growth. Overall, disruption impacts are more sensitive than damage to changes in population and development. The effect of urban development on future risk is not unidirectional, but depends upon hazard type, impact type, and degree of climate change. None of the development futures is consistently best from a risk perspective, but along many dimensions, compact development yields more severe disaster impacts relative to status quo development. The findings underscore the importance of considering natural hazard risk in urban development planning, and of recognizing the inherent differences between hazards and impact types in this planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The post-war reconstruction years of the 1940s and 1950s are generally referred to as the breakthrough of modernism in urban planning. The Netherlands in particular stands out internationally as a country, which transformed itself with plans and buildings conceived within the vanguard of a modernist vision. Examining the redevelopment of the Dutch city of Eindhoven, this paper suggests, however, that an alternative development of reconstruction planning emerged that ran parallel to the modernist planning project; one that displaced the authority and austerity measures of planned modernism. This development was very much influenced by the ‘pillarization’ of Dutch society, and the resulting tension between Catholic and Socialist parties, which had different ideas on town planning. By analysing the discourse of the ‘big city’ advisory committee, set up in the early 1950s by the North-Brabant regional authority to advise on the urban development of Eindhoven, this paper exposes the contested appropriation and use of modernist planning ideals and principles. Although the historiography on Dutch urban planning has minimized religion's role and presence in post-war reconstruction planning, it is being argued in this paper that it was an important theme, especially in areas like the predominantly Catholic province of Brabant. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study discusses the changes on land-use between 1997 and 2019 in the Shu'fat refugee camp area, one of the most populous and dense areas under a complex geopolitical dilemma in northeast Jerusalem. This paper aims to find the main demographic and spatiotemporal transformations that accompanied the process of urban development in the Shu'fat refugees camp area. The analysis method is based on two aerial photos - 1997 and 2019 - which using GIS (Arc map 10.5 software) detect land-use changes and the urban development of the area. The study area experienced an intense urban sprawl due to the high population growth after 2005, which is strongly connected to the building of the separation Wall by the Israelis. This resulted in a yearly pace of urban development of about 72.6 % by increasing the built-up area surface of bare land. Furthermore, the change of the characteristics of the natural landscape, such as forest area, is another significant result. Important socioeconomic transformations from rural landscapes to condensed urban-look are evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urban green infrastructure (GI) is proposed for providing residents with welfare. However, there is little research on how to quantitatively and systematically assess the construction level of green infrastructure (CLGI), especially its relationship with urban function and development. This paper provides empirical evidence by a case study of built-up areas of 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone (YREZ) to investigate how urban characteristics affect CLGI. First, CLGI varies significantly between cities. GI waterfront level is the most dominant advantageous type, while GI allocation is the most dominant disadvantageous type. Second, most cities generally are in a slightly unbalanced or barely coordinated state between CLGI and urban development level (UDL). Subsystems of UDL and CLGI greatly influence each other, in which economic urbanization plays an almost decisive role in CLGI. Third, CLGI is the highest in most cities with cultural and scientific services as the major function especially in allocation and accessibility aspects, while the lowest in most cities with mining as the major function. Finally, this study presents a judgement model for GI priority goals and some practical implications, which is expected to facilitate evidence-based policymaking of urban planning and coordinated development of GI construction and urban characteristics. [Display omitted] • GI allocation is the most dominant disadvantageous type. • Most cities do not achieve harmonious development between CLGI and UDL. • Economic urbanization plays an almost decisive role in CLGI. • CLGI is the highest in most cities with cultural and scientific services as the major function, while the lowest in most cities with mining as the major function. • Reference standards and judgement model for determining GI priority goals are provided for evidence-based policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, cities have evolved to meet changing needs. A city transforms, as do living organisms, as their needs and requirements change. Changes to urban waterfronts also affect the city's attractive, vital, and essential elements. As part of this debate, urban waterfronts will be in the discussion, which refers to the specificity of the city. Urban planning seeks to provide a better way of life and to design cities for everyday use. Aside from solving specific problems, urban development may also serve as a general policy to improve cities' physical, functional, social, environmental, and cultural aspects. Depending on the specific circumstances of a particular city, some problems are similar, and some are different in every city. The planning, implementing, and managing of urban waterfront development projects can be complex, and their ability to motivate creativity can be problematic. This article focuses on the principles of waterfront development as a creative environment. Waterfronts initially discussed their primary problems, characteristics, and related issues. Afterward, the authors describe urban waterfront development as a creative environment and the principles involved. In the final section, the authors describe an urban waterfront development framework to reduce social segregation and incorporate the experiences and opinions of citizens and stakeholders—a comparative and exploratory approach to gathering primary and secondary sources for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the problem of shaping landscape. The examples of towns of Great Poland from the 13th century were implemented and used. Their layout was not accidental. Towns were created with a substantial dose of accuracy. A market square was precisely laid out; roads were turned straight to the nearby towns, and plots were created for townsmen. It tended to be the final product of human thought and idea. The comparison of towns' sizes shows that the same measures and similar schemes were used. In a medieval town each and every aspect was carefully planned and well- thoughtout, but sometimes it was modified due to the terrain. Subsequent generations interpreted landscape on their own and occasionally changed the layout of a town. The contemporary appearance of towns is a product of thought materialisation in the living space. That is why the landscape of towns can be analysed and read. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Društvena Istraživanja is the property of Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The notion of local (city-level) sustainable development (LSD) is explored against the backdrop of urban dynamics and the international discussions on sustainable development. Urban metabolism is a key concept used in the analysis. Overall, sustainable urban development is seen to have an internal dimension and an external dimension, even though urban jurisdictions may be restricted to the former. Sustainable cities (SCs) and policies for LSD are discussed conceptually and in terms of their operational use, with a focus on urban policies in developing and emerging countries. Examples are given of SCs in China. Cities with strategies related especially to climate change are considered separately and analysed in terms of developed-developing, adaptation or mitigation focus. Again, examples of especially 'low-carbon' cities in China are presented. From these elements, this paper extracts some elements of a (social science) research agenda in urban environmental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]