13 results on '"Bellocchi, Gianni"'
Search Results
2. Drought stress patterns in Italy using agro-climatic indicators
- Author
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Diodato, Nazzareno and Bellocchi, Gianni
- Published
- 2008
3. MedREM, a rainfall erosivity model for the Mediterranean region
- Author
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Diodato, Nazzareno and Bellocchi, Gianni
- Subjects
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RAINFALL , *EROSION , *CLIMATOLOGY , *RAINSTORMS , *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation , *UNIVERSAL soil loss equation - Abstract
Summary: This paper presents and assesses the model MedREM, in which annual-based climate and rainstorm data are used to estimate the long-term (R)Universal Soil Loss Equations and its Revisions (USLE) annual rainfall erosivity over a large region. Two known models of rainfall erosivity (named after the first author of the original paper, Torri and Yang) were also assessed and compared with the MedREM. Yang and Torri models are both based on the annual precipitation models. MedREM also takes annual maximum daily precipitation data into account, and incorporates a longitude-dependent coefficient. The test area was a large region centered on the Mediterranean basin, in which 66 weather stations were available – 43 Italian and 23 out-of-Italy sites (12 countries, about 30–50° latitude North, and 10–50° longitude East) – with multi-year data of (R)USLE annual erosivity. The three models were calibrated against (R)USLE rainfall erosivity data from 55 stations and evaluated over a validation dataset from 11 Italian stations. On the validation dataset, the MedREM estimates generally compared well with the (R)USLE data according to Nush–Sutcliffe coefficient (0.87 against 0.76 and 0.73 with Torri and Yang model, respectively). Implications for erosivity modelling were discussed in the context of climatic features concluding that accurate estimations of site-specific annual erosivity for the Mediterranean region require process-based model with spatially-explicit parameterization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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4. Storminess and Environmental Changes in the Mediterranean Central Area.
- Author
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Diodato, Nazzareno and Bellocchi, Gianni
- Subjects
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BIOTIC communities , *CLIMATE change , *CLIMATOLOGY , *MEDITERRANEAN climate , *STORMS , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems , *RAINFALL anomalies - Abstract
Earth ecosystems are not static, and they respond to environmental changes, particularly climatic and anthropogenic. Precipitation varying in its extremeness, with shifts to greater or lesser intensity of individual storms and/or to change in the length and frequency of wet and dry periods, can adversely affect both urban and rural ecosystems. Here, the authors review long-term precipitation records of the central Mediterranean area and employ a Web geographical information system (GIS)-based analytical approach to compare current rainfall impact with historical data on different spatial and temporal scales. Autumn (September–November) was recognized as the most hazardous season that marks the evidence of a changing climate, with a shift toward more intense rainfalls in recent times. In the first decade of the third millennium, areas of peninsular and insular Italy have been especially affected by extreme rains. A focus was put on the island of Sicily, where extraordinary rain events occurred in September 2009, discussed in the context of upcoming trends and climate histories. An improved knowledge and understanding of the scale at which changes on extremes occur is essential for dealing with the forthcoming challenges regarding soil and water conservation practices. The characteristics of changes in natural rainfall, its role on terrestrial ecosystems, and its effect on surface water erosion dynamics are discussed. It is argued that understanding these issues are major priorities for future research to promote a better understanding of the Earth interaction with water resources and related hydrological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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5. Crop yield model validation for Cameroon.
- Author
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Tingem, Munang, Rivington, Mike, Bellocchi, Gianni, and Colls, Jeremy
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AGRICULTURAL climatology ,CLIMATOLOGY ,VEGETATION & climate ,CLIMATE change ,RAINFALL anomalies ,GLOBAL temperature changes ,SOIL management ,CROP yields - Abstract
A crop simulation model must first be capable of representing the actual performance of crops grown in any region before it can be applied to the prediction of climate variability and change impacts. A cropping systems model (CropSyst) simulations of crop productivity in the sub-Saharan Central African (using Cameroon as the case study) region, under the current climate were compared with observed yields of maize, sorghum, groundnut, bambara groundnut and soybean from eight sites. The model produced both over-and-under estimates, but with a mean percentage difference of only –2.8%, ranging from –0.6% to –4.5%. Based on these results, we judged the CropSyst simulations sufficiently reliable to justify use of the model in assessing crop growth vulnerability to climatic changes in Cameroon and else where. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Modelling vegetation greenness responses to climate variability in a Mediterranean terrestrial ecosystem.
- Author
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Diodato, Nazzareno and Bellocchi, Gianni
- Subjects
VEGETATION classification ,AGRICULTURE ,UPPER air temperature ,CLIMATOLOGY ,TEMPERATURE - Abstract
This work presents a modelling study where monthly-based climate data are used to estimate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The latter is a measure of vegetation greenness, usually derived from satellite-driven information. A model was developed to link NDVI data to rainfall and temperature measures. The test area was a 3 × 3 km grid centred to the top of Monte Pino hill (Southern Italy), for which multi-year (from 1996 to 2004) climate and satellite-derived NDVI data were available. The simulated NDVI data compared well with the remote-sensed measurements (e.g. modelling efficiency ∼0.80), thus showing a strong linking between vegetation greenness and climate patterns in spite of the many disturbances exerted from farming. The model was used to reconstruct an extended series of monthly NDVI values for a period antecedent 1996 (1972–1995). The analysis of long-term anomalies indicated a positive trend of NDVI over time, consistent with the air temperature increase registered in the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
- Full Text
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7. Evaluation of estimated weather data for calculating Penman-Monteith reference crop evapotranspiration.
- Author
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Stöckle, Claudio O., Kjelgaard, Jim, and Bellocchi, Gianni
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PLANT transpiration ,EXUDATION (Botany) ,PLANT physiology ,WEATHER ,CLIMATOLOGY ,BOTANY - Abstract
Utilizing the weather generator ClimGen, daily solar radiation (R
s ) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were estimated from temperature data and used to calculate evapotranspiration at five locations, representing tropical, temperate, semi-arid, and arid climates. ClimGen was calibrated for each location using the most recent 2 or 5 years of complete daily weather records. Actual and estimated values were compared on a daily and weekly (7-day running average) basis. Error indices were defined to indicate excellent to poor performance of the estimation methods. Overall in all locations, the ClimGen estimates for both daily Rs and VPD were poor to acceptable. The weekly analyses showed significant improvement in performance for both Rs and VPD estimations in arid and semi-arid locations. Daily reference crop evapotranspiration values using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation (PM ETo ) were calculated using complete daily weather records. These values were compared with (1) ETo calculated with the PM model, actual temperature data, and ClimGen estimates of daily Rs , VPD, and generated wind speed (PMEst ETo ), and (2) ETo calculated solely from actual daily temperature data using a calibrated version of the Hargreaves method (HGAdj ETo ). The daily PMEst ETo results were poor to acceptable in all locations, but analyses for weekly periods showed improved performance to acceptable and good levels for arid and semi-arid locations. The performance of the HGAdj ETo method was also poor to acceptable for daily ET estimates in all locations, while weekly analyses showed improvement. A non-calibrated version of the Hargreaves method did not work for either daily or weekly periods. The PMEst ETo and HGadj ETo methods appeared suitable for weekly periods in arid and semi-arid locations provided that at least 2 years of complete weather records were available to calibrate the parameters required. There was no advantage in using 5 years of weather records for calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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8. Influence of climate variability on the forage production of a permanent grassland in the French Central Massif.
- Author
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Gómara, Iñigo, Bellocchi, Gianni, Martin, Raphaël, and Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita
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FORAGE , *GRASSLANDS , *CLIMATOLOGY , *GRASSLAND soils - Published
- 2018
9. Reduced complexity model for assessing patterns of rainfall erosivity in Africa
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Diodato, Nazzareno, Knight, Jasper, and Bellocchi, Gianni
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RAINFALL anomalies , *GEOLOGICAL statistics , *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation , *HYDROLOGY , *ALTITUDES , *REVISED Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) , *CLIMATOLOGY , *MULTIVARIATE analysis ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection planning - Abstract
Abstract: Multivariate geostatistical modeling can be used to generate spatial patterns of hydro-climate data over ungauged regions, but these models may be unsuitable when the hydro-climatological data available over large and remote areas are sparse and show different scales of resolution. In these cases, reduced complexity modeling can be better used in order to increase understanding of hydrological extremes at spatial scales and over time periods not covered by rainfall records. In this study we present and evaluate the African Rainfall Erosivity Subregional Empirical Downscaling (ARESED) model which has been developed based on hydro-climatological and geotopographic data from 46 stations across Africa with very varied climates and elevations. We spatially downscale the 85th percentile of monthly precipitation, based on several decades of data, from 50km to 10km grid squares in order to predict values of rainfall erosivity across Africa. This yields inputs comparable to values based on the standard Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The 46 African stations were chosen for model development because they are also sites for which there are RUSLE-based erosivity values. Once parameterized to capture mean rainfall erosivity over several decades, the ARESED model was run as a validation tool, comparing the output with actual erosivity data. On a continental scale and over decadal time scales, the ARESED model captures most of the important processes within the hydro-climatological system. Its reduced complexity structure also makes it suitable for application to regional management and environmental planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
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10. GIS-aided evaluation of evapotranspiration at multiple spatial and temporal climate patterns using geoindicators
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Diodato, Nazzareno, Ceccarelli, Michele, and Bellocchi, Gianni
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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *SPATIAL ecology , *BIOINDICATORS , *VEGETATION & climate , *CLIMATOLOGY , *RADIAL basis functions , *GEOGRAPHIC information systems - Abstract
Abstract: Multivariate spatial statistics techniques can be efficiently applied to generate fine spatial patterns of climate data in presence of an appropriate multivariate spatial structure over ungauged mountainous basins. However, they can become unsuitable when the data available over complex regions are sparse and affected by discordant spatial scales in primary and (colocated)-auxiliary variables. This is the case of actual evapotranspiration (AET). Combining GIS and geoindicators (e.g., topographical and vegetational indices), we proposed an upscaling procedure to overcome this problem, transforming a preliminary-smoothed macro-scale pattern (AET grid-data), into a local-scale pattern. The procedure was applied to a cropland test site at Mediterranean sub-regional basin scale (Tammaro, South Italy) to develop a climatological baseline estimation of AET refined at slope scale. After the upscaling, the most frequent estimated AET values were about 550mmyr−1 (with quasi-normal distribution), while underestimations were observed in the preliminary, smoothed map (positively skewed distribution with mean 460mmyr−1). The upscaling allowed the influence of the topographic factor to emerge, with a wider range of values (about 300–900mmyr−1) being estimated and substantially not visible in the smoothed pattern. A temporal climate pattern of soil water depletion in the growing season was also shown as reflected in the increase of AET flux in the period 1991–2008 in comparison to the precedent climate (1961–1990). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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11. Discovering historical rainfall erosivity with a parsimonious approach: A case study in Western Germany
- Author
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Gianni Bellocchi, Pasquale Borrelli, Nazzareno Diodato, Nunzio Romano, Peter Fiener, Italy, Met European Research Observatory (MetEROBS), Environment Geosciences, University of Basel (Unibas), Inst Geog, Universität Augsburg [Augsburg], Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), AFBE Div, Dept Agr Sci, University of Naples Federico II, Diodato, N., Borrelli, P., Fiener, P., Bellocchi, G., Romano, N., Diodato, Nazzareno, Borrelli, Pasquale, Fiener, Peter, Bellocchi, Gianni, and Romano, Nunzio
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Storm ,02 engineering and technology ,Rainfall erosivity ,15. Life on land ,01 natural sciences ,Long-term reconstruction ,020801 environmental engineering ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,ddc:550 ,Period (geology) ,Parsimonious modelling ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
An in-depth analysis of the interannual variability of storms is required to detect changes in soil erosive power of rainfall, which can also result in severe on-site and off-site damages. Evaluating long-term rainfall erosivity is a challenging task, mainly because of the paucity of high-resolution historical precipitation observations that are generally reported at coarser temporal resolutions (e.g., monthly to annual totals). In this paper we suggest overcoming this limitation through an analysis of long-term processes governing rainfall erosivity with an application to datasets available the central Ruhr region (Western Germany) for the period 1701-2011. Based on a parsimonious interpretation of seasonal rainfall-related processes (from spring to autumn), a model was derived using 5-min erosivity data from 10 stations covering the period 1937-2002, and then used to reconstruct a long series of annual rainfall erosivity values. Change-points in the evolution of rainfall erosivity are revealed over the 1760s and the 1920s that mark three sub-periods characterized by increasing mean values. The results indicate that the erosive hazard tends to increase as a consequence of an increased frequency of extreme precipitation events occurred during the last decades, characterized by short-rain events regrouped into prolonged wet spells. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2017
12. Using Historical Precipitation Patterns to Forecast Daily Extremes of Rainfall for the Coming Decades in Naples (Italy)
- Author
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Nazzareno Diodato, Gianni Bellocchi, Met European Research Observatory (MetEROBS), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Bellocchi, Gianni
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mediterranean climate ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,ensemble forecast ,exponential smoothing ,extreme rainfalls ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Peninsula ,Atlantic multidecadal oscillation ,Precipitation ,Predictability ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,Exponential smoothing ,Training (meteorology) ,lcsh:Geology ,030104 developmental biology ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Pacific decadal oscillation - Abstract
International audience; The coasts of the Italian peninsula have been recently affected by frequent damaging hydrological events driven by intense rainfall and deluges. The internal climatic mechanisms driving rainfall variability that generate these hydrological events in the Mediterranean are not fully understood. We investigated the simulation skill of a soft-computing approach to forecast extreme rainfalls in Naples (Italy). An annual series of daily maximum rainfall spanning the period between 1866 and 2016 was used for the design of ensemble projections in order to understand and quantify the uncertainty associated with interannual to interdecadal predictability. A predictable structure was first provided, and then elaborated by exponential smoothing for the purposes of training, validation, and forecast. For the time horizon between 2017 and 2066, the projections indicate a weak increase of daily maximum rainfalls, followed by almost the same pace as it was in the previous three decades, presenting remarkable wavelike variations with durations of more than one year. The forecasted pattern is coupled with variations attributed to internal climate modes, such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).
- Published
- 2018
13. Modelling the Rainfall Erosivity of the Rhone Region (Southeastern France) Associated with Climate Variability and Storminess
- Author
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Gianni Bellocchi, Nazzareno Diodato, Nunzio Romano, Francesco M. Guadagno, Met European Research Observatory (MetEROBS), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Diodato, Nazzareno, Bellocchi, Gianni, Romano, Nunzio, and Guadagno, Francesco M.
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Mediterranean climate ,Atmospheric Science ,sédiment ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Article Subject ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Climate change ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,crue ,02 engineering and technology ,Forcing (mathematics) ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,Spatial distribution ,01 natural sciences ,Soil retrogression and degradation ,géomorphologie ,événement extrême ,sud de la France ,Milieux et Changements globaux ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Storm ,15. Life on land ,crue subite ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,Geophysics ,Geography ,rainfall, erosivity, climate change, storminess ,13. Climate action ,Climatology ,Spatial ecology ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology - Abstract
Changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of extreme rainfall may have important effects on the magnitude and timing of rainfall erosivity, which in turn lead to even severe soil degradation phenomena. The Mediterranean belt is characterized by strong climatic variability and specific seasonal features, where dry periods are often interrupted by pulsing storms. Identifying the thresholds associated with extreme rainfall events is among the most important challenges for this region. To discern the spatial patterns of rainfall erosivity hazard in the Rhone region (eastern France), this study establishes thresholds in the power of rainstorms. An indicator Kriging approach was employed for computing probability maps of the annual rainfall erosivity exceeding the threshold of 1800 MJ mm ha−1 h−1, the latter being twice greater than the standard deviation. The interdecadal spatial patterns of hazard were assessed for recent decades (1991–2010) and the precedents ones (1961–1990). Climate fluctuations of rainfall erosivity revealed possible signals of increased storminess hazard across the region in recent times. We also discussed changes in the rainfall erosivity hazard forcing as related to climatic changes in daily rain rate, especially in autumn when the erosivity is likely affected by more intense storminess occurring across the southern part of the Rhone region.
- Published
- 2016
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