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The open abdomen (OA) is defined as intentional decision to leave the fascial edges of the abdomen un-approximated after laparotomy (laparostomy). The abdominal contents are potentially exposed and therefore must be protected with a temporary coverage, which is referred to as temporal abdominal closure (TAC). OA use remains widely debated with many specific details deserving detailed assessment and clarification. To date, in patients with intra-abdominal emergencies, the OA has not been formally endorsed for routine utilization; although, utilization is seemingly increasing. Therefore, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), Abdominal Compartment Society (WSACS) and the Donegal Research Academy united a worldwide group of experts in an international consensus conference to review and thereafter propose the basis for evidence-directed utilization of OA management in non-trauma emergency surgery and critically ill patients. In addition to utilization recommendations, questions with insufficient evidence urgently requiring future study were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the corpus of literature on firm exit by means of a systematic literature review (SLR) which yields a final sample of 142 journal articles for the period 1991–2020. The phenomenon of firm exit is explored from a variety of perspectives: business exit; exit at the individual entrepreneur level; exit from specific markets; exit from foreign markets; and the role of exit for industrial dynamics conceived more broadly. Special attention is given to the various exit routes, including voluntary liquidation, mergers and acquisitions (M&A), initial public offerings (IPO), and of course bankruptcy. The SLR sets the scene for the Special Issue papers that are presented towards the end, and we conclude with some suggestions for future research. The Plain English Summary This article develops a systematic literature review around three decades of firm exit research, patterns, developments, and intriguing gaps. In this paper, we systematically review 142 studies on firm exit from various perspectives, identify major patterns, and outline the debate around firm exit. We propose reflections useful for scholars willing to engage in firm exit research in the future and set the scene for the special issue papers. Overall, this work shows the remarkable progress made in the area of firm exit that has evolved from the view of exit as a homogenous event signaling failure to a vision of exit as a heterogenous event. Exploring the sources of heterogeneity of exits from various perspectives could offer promising paths for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the distribution class ℒ(γ) \ 풪풮 is not closed under infinitely divisible distribution roots for γ > 0, that is, we provide some infinitely divisible distributions belonging to the class, whereas the corresponding Lévy distributions do not. In fact, one part of these Lévy distributions belonging to the class 풪ℒ\ℒ(γ) have different properties, and the other parts even do not belong to the class 풪ℒ. Therefore, combining with the existing related results, we give a completely negative conclusion for the subject and Embrechts–Goldie conjecture. Then we discuss some interesting issues related to the results of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we characterize the closure of the Dirichlet-Morrey spaces in the Bloch space by higher-order derivatives. Moreover, the boundedness and compactness of the products of composition and differentiation operators from the Bloch space to the closure of the Dirichlet-Morrey spaces in the Bloch space are investigated. A criterion for an interpolating Blaschke product to be in the closures is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion We analysed closure techniques in the treatment of giant omphalocele. A challenging pathology where there lacks consensus.Cochrane, MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 2022 using terms and variations: omphalocele, exomphalos, giant, closure and outcome. Papers were selected using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analyses 2020 criteria. Data collected included demographics, timing and technique of surgical repair, morbidity and mortality.We identified 342 papers; 34 met inclusion criteria with a total 356 neonates. Initial non‐operative management was described in 26 papers (14 dressings, eight silo, four serial sac‐ligation). Operative techniques by paper were as follows: Early closure: nine primary suture closure without patch, two primary closure with patch and four mixed methods. Delayed closure: five simple, four‐component separation technique, four tissue expanders, one Botox/pneumoperitoneum and two with patch. Median number of procedures was two (1–6) in the early group versus three (1–4) in the delayed. The most favourable was early primary closure with biological patch. The most unfavourable was delayed closure with patch. Cumulative reported mortality remained high, mostly due to non‐surgical causes.Definitions of giant omphalocele in the literature were heterogeneous with a variety of management approaches described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of an in-mill biological treatment plant is one solution to the problems associated with closure of whitewater systems. It is, however, important to operate the treatment with low concentration of nutrients in the effluent. The effect on the COD reduction from decreased additions of NH4-N and PO4-P were investigated in three parallel aerobic suspended carrier reactors during treatment at 46 to 48°C of whitewater from a recycled paper mill producing liner and fluting. In the reference reactor, a COD reduction of 89% was achieved and 45.6 mg NH4-N/(g COD reduced) and 11.6 mg PO4-P/(g COD reduced) was consumed at an organic load around 20 kg COD/(m³⋅d). Reduced additions of NH4-N decreased the COD reduction. Addition of 56% of the consumption of NH4-N in the reference reactor resulted in a COD reduction of 80%. The response from decreased addition of PO4-P was different compared to NH4-N but it could not be determined if this is due to unsuitable experimental design or a different reaction mechanism. Reducing the addition of PO4-P to 26% of the consumption of PO4-P in the reference reactor, decreased the COD reduction to 83%. The main conclusion from the experiment is: biological treatment has the potential of treating whitewater from recycled paper mills with low effluent nutrient concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having abandoned mine workings, the closure strategy of mine working openings is important in terms of maintaining long-term stability. The paper describes the process of closing the mine workings in the uranium deposit Rožná using unconsolidated backfill. Before backfilling, it is vital to carry out preparatory work underground for ecological, technological or economic reasons. The mine workings backfilling using unconsolidated backfill is preceded by calculations to determine the quantity of the backfill. The stability of the mine workings opening is achieved using a closing sinking platform made of reinforced concrete. The abandonment procedure is framed within the legislation of the Czech Republic, grounded in the handbook by the National Coal Board of Great Britain (NCB, 1982), and has been gradually amended according to the experience with disused mine workings. The Czech legislation dealing with mine abandonment is very advanced and may be applied to modify foreign legislation. The abandonment procedure based on Decree 52 (1997) proposed in this paper is complemented by safety features such as micropilots in the sinking platform or shaft lining check-up before the backfill. The proposed method is applicable in mines with analogous specific conditions, such as mines free of gas hazards and coal dust. The paper concludes with an analysis of risks likely to occur due to incorrect mine closures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world and its economic growth is tightly coupled with the growth of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector. Considering the demographic advantage of having young and educated youth, this sector is regarded as the solution to job creation and inclusive growth. The Indian government is making all efforts in building a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem through various policy initiatives and support measures for the overall growth of this sector. A large number of studies have studied various issues related to the entry and growth of this sector. This study takes a different perspective of analyzing the appropriateness of available schemes at different levels of their growth path. This study also reveals that more support system is available for the creation and growth of MSMEs but not adequate measures are available to cater to the needs for the closure of these enterprises. It is important to have easy exit procedures to better utilize the blocked resources of exiting firms and to remove the fear of failure from prospective entrepreneurs. This paper also suggests further interventions required for enterprise closure to strengthen this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we characterize the closures of holomorphic tent spaces in weighted Bloch spaces in terms of natural level sets, where the holomorphic tent spaces include Hardy type tent spaces, Hardy–Carleson type tent spaces and Hardy–Bloch type tent spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodological discussion of two recent 'endogeneity critiques' of the Kaleckian model and the concept of distribution-led growth. From a neo-Keynesian perspective, it is criticized because it treats distribution as quasi-exogenous, while in Skott (2017. Weaknesses of 'wage-Led growth.' Review of Keynesian Economics, 5(3), 336–359), distribution is viewed as endogenously determined by a series of (exogenous) institutional factors and social norms, and therefore one should focus on these instead of the functional distribution of income per se. The paper discusses how abstraction is used in science and economics, and uses the criteria proposed by Lawson (1989. Abstraction, tendencies and stylised facts: A realist approach to economic analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 13(1), 59–78) and Mäki (1992. On the method of isolation in economics. Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, 26, 19–54; 1994. Isolation, idealization and truth in economics. Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, 38, 147–168) for what constitutes an appropriate abstraction. Based on this discussion, it concludes that the criticisms are weak, although some of the issues raised by Skott provide some interesting directions for future work within the Kaleckian framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with ring extensions R ⊆ S and the poset [R, S] of their subextensions, with a special look at FCP extensions (extensions such that [R, S] is Artinian and Noetherian). When the extension has FCP, we show that there exists a co-integral closure, that is a least element R in [R, S] such that R ⊆ S is integral. The radicial closure of R in S is well known. We are able to exhibit a suitable separable closure of R in S in case the extension has FCP, and then results are similar to those of field theory. The FCP property being always guaranteed, we discuss when an extension has a co-subintegral or a co-infra-integral closure. Our theory is made easier by using anodal extensions. These (co)-closures exist for example when the extension is catenarian, an interesting special case for the study of distributive extensions to appear in a forthcoming paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to the rise of private art museums in the field of museum and cultural studies. One question which has figured prominently is if these museums are able to stand the test of time. Systematic empirical studies of this issue are so far scarce. On the basis of a new database of private museum closures worldwide, this paper explores why private museums close. By studying such closures, this article aims to advance our understanding of private museum sustainability and longevity. On the basis of statistical data and qualitative content analysis, we also examine what happens to the displayed art collections after such institutions close. Our main findings are that private museum closures are multifaceted, complex events frequently involving financial issues. Moreover, we conclude that because of their funding models and reliance on a sole founder, they are inherently fragile organizations. Indeed, we find that the median number of years private museums have been open before closing is no more than 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship demonstrated the major role of inheritance and kinship for elite's power reproduction, particularly among noble families. In the absence of monarchic and court structures, ruling classes that enjoyed privileges and engaged in social closure could become the functional equivalent of a nobility. In this paper, we examine the evolution of the power of Swiss patrician families in the three major Swiss cities (Basel, Geneva, and Zurich) since the end of the nineteenth century and assess whether urban oligarchies endure in the twentieth century and what role kinship ties play in the reproduction of power structures. Building on a systematic database of 5,199 urban elites who hold power positions in the main economic, political, academic, and cultural institutions, we describe the evolution of Swiss patrician families between 1890 and 1957. Using social network, kinship, and sequence analysis, we provide a comprehensive investigation of the Swiss patrician elite's evolution at both the individual and the family level. Our analyses show a general decline of patrician families' presence in urban positions of power, however with significant variations according to both the cities and the spheres of activity. Furthermore, we identify distinct trajectories of families who have either lost their access to power positions, managed to access again or have remained in urban power positions according to different survival strategies. Beyond the Swiss case, we contribute to the literature on power and kinship through an interdisciplinary approach combining historical and sociological perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper initially proves that locally finite covering (LFC-, for short) rough set structures are interior and closure operators. To be precise, given an LFC-space (U , C) , we prove that the lower H-rough set operator H ∗ is an interior operator and the upper H-rough set operator H ∗ is a closure operator. Besides, we prove a duality of the concept approximations (H ∗ , H ∗) and investigate many theoretical and mathematical properties of the H-rough set operators. After pointing out that Khalimsky (K-, for brevity) topological rough set operators have their own features, we prove that the K-topological lower (resp. upper) approximation operator is not an interior (resp. closure) operator from the viewpoint of K-topology. Besides, we intensively investigate theoretical and mathematical properties of the K-topological rough set operators. This research area can be considered as a part of geometric-based rough set theory. These obtained results can promote the studies of rough set theory associated with information geometry, object classification, artificial or computational intelligence, and so on. In the present paper, each of the sets U, C and X (⊆ U) need not be finite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a paper on migrated archives, Nathan Mnjama1 puts forward several reasons as to why these archives are in the custody of our former colonisers. Infrastructural challenges, the lack of the development of archival services and security issues are some of the reasons highlighted. Consequently, these archives were not collected and preserved within colonies and were thus repatriated to the metropolitan countries for safe storage. The removal of these archives have created gaps in archival holdings and these archives need to be located, retrieved and brought home, so he argues. The author of this response proposes that we need to start afresh and forget about this genre of archives in view of the protracted issues involved and considering the archival service challenges that most archival institutions are facing. We are now talking about de-colonisation/refiguring or Africanisation of our archives because there is overdocumentation of the colonial record in our repositories and these records are often biased or incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the semigroup BFnω, which is introduced in the paper [Visnyk Lviv Univ. Ser. Mech.- Mat. 2020, 90, 5–19 (in Ukrainian)], in the case when the ω-closed family Fn generated by the set {0, 1, . . ., n}. We show that the Green relations D and J coincide in BFnω, the semigroup BFnω is isomorphic to the semigroup In+1 ω (conv −−→) of partial convex order isomorphisms of (ω, 6) of the rank 6 n + 1, and BFnω admits only Rees congruences. Also, we study shift-continuous topologies on the semigroup BFnω . In particular, we prove that for any shift-continuous T1 -topology τ on the semigroup BFnω every non-zero element of BFnω is an isolated point of (BFnω, τ), BFnω admits the unique compact shift-continuous T1 -topology, and every ωd-compact shift-continuous T1 -topology is compact. We describe the closure of the semigroup BFnω in a Hausdorff semitopological semigroup and prove the criterium when a topological inverse semigroup BFnω is H-closed in the class of Hausdorff topological semigroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, tailings facilities have been designed primarily with consideration of the mine's active life. This is problematic, as the lifespan of a tailings dam may far exceed the life of the mine. Over time, it is expected that these structures will transform into a mine waste structure and then eventually a landform. In Alberta, Canada, dam owners can submit a decommissioning, closure, and abandonment (DCA) plan and completion reports to apply for the facility to be de-registered as a dam. If successful, the structure would be considered a solid waste structure and may be reclassified and regulated as a mine waste dump. The Alberta Energy Regulator expects DCAs to be accompanied and supported by risk assessments that consider long-term physical failure modes, including failure modes that may not be applicable during operations, in accordance with Manual 019. To help support the process of de-registering a tailings dam, a risk management tool, referred to as a Generalized Failure Modes Effects (G-FMEA) framework, was developed and presented in the Journal of Minerals in the Special Issue Tailings Dams: Design, Characterization, Monitoring, and Risk Assessment. The G-FMEA was designed to be used for assessing risks of an external tailings facility in closure, with the goal of assessing the long-term risk of geotechnical failure to support the process of de-registration. In Alberta, a number of tailings dams are undergoing closure and reclamation activities. This paper applies the developed G-FMEA framework to an oil sands tailings dam in Alberta to demonstrate the application of the framework. The paper assesses two specific failure modes of two different elements, including clogging of the drains and surface erosion of the berm. The failure modes are assessed over different timescales to demonstrate how the consequence, likelihood, and risk rating may change over time. The results of this process are discussed in the context of the potential for the facility to be de-registered as a dam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first one in this series of two papers, we have proved that every 3‐connected { K1,3 N1,3,3 } ‐free graph is Hamilton‐connected. In this paper, we continue in this direction by proving that every 3‐connected { K1,3 X } ‐free graph, where XN N ∈ {N1,1,5, N2,2,3 } is Hamilton‐connected (where Ni,j,k is the graph obtained by attaching endvertices of three paths of lengths Ni,j,k to a triangle). This together with a previous result of other authors completes the characterization of forbidden induced generalized nets implying Hamilton‐ connectedness of a 3‐connected claw‐free graph. We also discuss remaining open cases in a full characterization of connected graphs X such that every 3‐connected { K1,3 X } ‐free graph is Hamilton‐connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a question-sensitive theory of intention. We show that this theory explains some puzzling closure properties of intention. In particular, it can be used to explain why one is rationally required to intend the means to one's ends, even though one is not rationally required to intend all the foreseen consequences of one's intended actions. It also explains why rational intention is not always closed under logical implication, and why one can only intend outcomes that one believes to be under one's control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first one in a series of two papers, in which we complete the characterization of forbidden generalized nets implying Hamilton‐connectedness of a 3‐connected claw‐free graph. In this paper, we first develop the necessary techniques that allow one to handle the problem, namely: (i)We strengthen the closure concept for Hamilton‐connectedness in claw‐free graphs, introduced by the second and third authors, such that not only the line graph preimage of a closure, but also its core has certain strong structural properties.(ii)We prove a special version of the "nine‐point‐theorem" by Holton et al. that allows one to handle Hamilton‐connectedness of "small" {K1,3,Ni,j,k} $\{{K}_{1,3},{N}_{i,j,k}\}$‐free graphs (where Ni,j,k ${N}_{i,j,k}$ is the graph obtained by attaching endvertices of three paths of lengths i,j,k $i,j,k$ to a triangle).(iii)By a combination of these techniques, as an application, we prove that every 3‐connected {K1,3,N1,3,3} $\{{K}_{1,3},{N}_{1,3,3}\}$‐free graph is Hamilton‐connected. The paper is followed by its second part in which we show that every 3‐connected {K1,3,X} $\{{K}_{1,3},X\}$‐free graph, where X∈{N1,1,5,N2,2,3} $X\in \{{N}_{1,1,5},{N}_{2,2,3}\}$, is Hamilton‐connected. All the results on Hamilton‐connectedness are sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pro Publico Bono - Magyar Közigazgatas is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)