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Trade between South American States and China is an important source of the economic growth for those economies in the 2000s. A rather sharp growth in China’s presence in world trade since the beginning of the 2000s changed world trade trends for MERCOSUR countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of recent growing Chinese trade on South American economic development, mainly in the cases of Argentina and Brazil. In particular, the impact of an increasing trade of agrifood has been quite relevant. On the other hand, each country’s national strategy is another important issue, particularly bilateral relations with China, which is also revisited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Most conventional explanations of the rapid expansion of transnational corporations in developing countries attribute their growth to the superior efficiency of TNCs relative to their domestically owned competitors. An alternative interpretation focuses on the industrial structures of oligopoly that are associated with transnational investment and the market power of TNCs. This paper explores some market and extra-market tactics used by TNCs to protect their monopolistic advantage in host countries. Using the example of Brazil's electrical industry, the paper considers the economic consequences of seven forms of TNC conduct: interlocking directorships, mutual forbearance, control of supply channels, cross-subsidisation and predation, formal and informal collusion, formal political ties, and TNC acquisition behaviour. It concludes that neither efficiency nor technologically determined barriers to entry are fully satisfactory in explaining the increase in the transnational market share; at least in the case of Brazil's electrical industry, the market power associated with TNC behaviour is equally, or perhaps more, important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the last decades some trends have been intensified in the international trade. The main objective of this paper is to analyze these trends and the international insertion of Brasil in the globalization process. The methodology used was to compare the evolution of quantitative and qualitative data of the G-20 countries with Brazil. The results indicate that the insertion of Brazil does not follow recent changes and trends in international trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Globalisation is the extent and intensity with which a country's production, trade and capital flows are integrated into the world economy. Our focus is on globalisation through international trade. We analyse the main theoretical predictions about the effects of global trade integration on trade patterns between countries of different levels of income and technology and compare this analysis to our investigation of Brazil's trade integration between 1990 and 2016. Particularly, we investigate whether Brazil's recent trajectory has been directed to a pattern of regressive specialisation. By regressive specialisation, we refer to that in which both production and export structures are strongly oriented to goods of low technological sophistication and low income elasticity of demand. The recent theoretical literature on technological gaps suggests that when a country enters a rapid pattern of regressive specialisation, a falling-behind trajectory is observed. Our main findings are as follows (i) the technological gap significantly widened for all groups of manufactured goods classified by factor content and technological sophistication; (ii) the income elasticity of demand for Brazilian imports is greater than that for Brazilian exports, implying a falling-behind trajectory of the economy in the past few decades and that growth has been constrained by long-term balance-of-payments equilibrium (Thirlwall's law); and (iii) there has been a very marked trend of high concentration of Brazilian exports in primary goods, but imports composed of high technologically sophisticated manufactured goods, reinforcing the regressive specialisation of Brazil's trade pattern in the last decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past two decades, Brazil, South Africa and China have designed closer economic and political ties. Since the early 2000s, China has become a key economic partner for both countries. International trade and foreign direct investment between the three nations have expanded, and closer political ties have also evolved. This article elaborates on the increasing economic interdependence between Brazil, China, and South Africa addressing challenges and opportunities for all three countries involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses maritime insurance in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, focusing on the Atlantic trade in Brazilian sugar. It examines premium insurance practices as a way to manage risk and analyzes the growth of governmental involvement in the insurance industry. The author reflects on individualist and collectivist forms of merchant organization, noting links between Portuguese and Dutch trading communities and commenting on immigration between Portugal and the Low Countries.

An essay is presented on illegal trade in Brazil from 1700 to 1750, focusing on gold and manioc flour. It examines trade between Brazil, Portugal, and Great Britain, commenting on British diplomats Lord Tyrawley and Thomas Lumley. The author explores taxation and import and export restrictions, noting the regulatory role of the town council of the Brazilian town of Salvador da Bahia, the Senado da Câmara.