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This review paper synthesizes peer-reviewed empirical research published between 2010 and 2021 about wildland fire communication practices. Our goal was to systematically review and provide an overview of how wildland fire communication has been empirically studied, and theoretical and methodological underpinnings and representativeness of this work. We found that researchers employ diverse theoretical and methodological approaches, yet most work originates from the western United States or Australia. Studies were published in diverse disciplinary journals, most frequently looked at residents as study subjects, and many sought to understand the effectiveness of communication. There is a need to build theoretical and methodological consistency in wildland fire communication research.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of ICT to disseminate preventive health care information to combat the AIDS epidemic in India. The role of information professionals in various libraries and information centres and the challenges they are facing to increase HIV/AIDS awareness are discussed. Finally, recommendations are given and the conclusion is drawn that libraries and information professionals must develop AIDS literacy programmes to cater to the growing health information needs of the community. Design/methodology/approach: Literature search, web site information and personal interaction with the key persons associated with various HIV/AIDS awareness projects. Findings: Lack of knowledge about AIDS, its modes of transmission and ways to avoid infection, are major challenges in India. Staff in ICT-based library and information centres can make a high impact on the local community by developing community-based AIDS literacy programmes and hopefully save the society from an AIDS epidemic. There is a perceived need for providing health information services through public libraries to the illiterate rural population who are increasingly making themselves vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. However, awareness of e-channels is low, especially in rural India; one solution is to increase take-up and run AIDS awareness campaigns through electronic media. Originality/value: A summary is provided of ICT-based projects and initiatives by libraries and other agencies to disseminate AIDS information. Few multi-type consortia have been formed in the USA and UK to develop AIDS databases and e-learning modules are listed. These can be used as examples by Indian libraries with limited resources wishing to enhance community awareness through ICT. The concerted efforts amongst stakeholders are emphasized with the objectives of enhancing information professionals' skill in the AIDS information dissemination process.

Interdisciplinary study can allow students to share ideas with scholars in allied fields and broaden their knowledge of global issues. Mass communication/media studies programs in the U.S. and U.K. can serve as models to lead students into successful learning through interdisciplinary study. This paper outlines five strategic imperatives for the study of mass communication/media studies in the U.S. and U.K. Curriculum improvements are suggested for helping students evolve and grow into leaders in the field. (Contains a bibliography.)

This issue of the journal Prometheus includes an edited collection of papers by communication and media scholars from around the globe treating the social and societal aspects of the use of telecommunication and mass media tied to the tragic events that occurred in the United States on September 11, 2001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educators have long noted a significant decline in the quality of written work received, especially in higher education. The popular press frequently cites evidence that employers of recent graduates, especially those from business schools, are increasingly dissatisfied with the level of the employee's socalled "soft skills," especially in terms of written communication. This paper presents a simple taxonomic approach to concept ideation and organization that can help transition student writers to a higher level that will help them in school and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After World War II, the United States was the champion of communications as an international issue, but it has since become disenchanted with its formulation and debate. (PD)

Discusses the launching and operation of the International Program for Development of Communication (IPDC), a UNESCO clearinghouse for communications development. (PD)

A U.S. State Department assessment of the information and communication issues of the UNESCO General Conference at Belgrade, Sept. 23-Oct. 28, 1980. Includes abridged text of the UNESCO resolution on the MacBride Report. (PD)

Presents an overview of satellite technology and trends in its use, reviews the evolution of education and training applications of communication satellites, and prognosticates about the possible national and international uses during the 1990s. A bibliography of 26 items is included. (CHC)

Gives a detailed analysis of progress at the International Program for the Development of Communications (IPDC) Conference in Acapulco, January 1982. Assesses the tone of the continuing international dialog on communications. (PD)

Presents a critical view of U.S. support of the United Nations, UNESCO, the International Program for the Development of Communications (IPDC), and the New World Information Order. (PD)

Focuses on the news coverage of the International Program for the Development of Communications (IPDC) Conference held in Mexico, January 1982. However, the IPDC is also analyzed in relation to the evolution of the international communication debate. (PD)

The ability to produce timely and accurate flu forecasts in the United States can significantly impact public health. Augmenting forecasts with internet data has shown promise for improving forecast accuracy and timeliness in controlled settings, but results in practice are less convincing, as models augmented with internet data have not consistently outperformed models without internet data. In this paper, we perform a controlled experiment, taking into account data backfill, to improve clarity on the benefits and limitations of augmenting an already good flu forecasting model with internet-based nowcasts. Our results show that a good flu forecasting model can benefit from the augmentation of internet-based nowcasts in practice for all considered public health-relevant forecasting targets. The degree of forecast improvement due to nowcasting, however, is uneven across forecasting targets, with short-term forecasting targets seeing the largest improvements and seasonal targets such as the peak timing and intensity seeing relatively marginal improvements. The uneven forecasting improvements across targets hold even when “perfect” nowcasts are used. These findings suggest that further improvements to flu forecasting, particularly seasonal targets, will need to derive from other, non-nowcasting approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hispanic marketing in the USA has traditionally centred on Spanish language advertisements. But effective advertising may not rely on language or 'message'. This paper asserts that the most efficient communications are emotional and work by drawing people closer to the brand and enabling fast, emotional and instinctive 'System I'decisions in its favour. This paper shows that communicating a 'message' actually restricts advertising's efficiency. If'message'and language are less important than previously believed, the implications are far-reaching for how multicultural advertising is conceived and bought in the USA.This paper suggests that the opportunity for marketers may centre on developing culturally appropriate tactics within an emotion-based advertising model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that most post-exercise or incident debriefs suggest that communications could have been better. It explores some of the difficulties of communicating in a crisis and suggests that if organisational culture does not allow for good communications in 'peacetime', then they are unlikely to be any better in a crisis situation. It is therefore suggested that crisis communications should be treated as a risk management issue and given a place on the corporate risk register so that the issue can be managed through an appropriate risk management action plan. The paper mainly focuses on internal communications although it also refers to the importance of media and external communications as part of an overall communications plan. Reference is made to the report following the Virginia Tech disaster in 2007 and the problems associated with communications in a university environment. The paper aims to provide the reader with a clearer understanding of some of the reasons why communications often fail in an incident and suggests some ways in which things may be improved in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the history of, and addresses certain perceived procedural misunderstandings in, Hush-A-Phone v. United States (D.C. Cir. 1956) and its progeny In re Carterfone (F.C.C. 1968) to illuminate what the Hush-A-Phone Corporation actually did in its dispute with AT&T prior to the breakup of AT&T's century-long telephone monopoly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain an understanding of the perception of trust between US construction contracting parties. The research objectives were to identify the factors on construction projects that impact such trust and to identify how trust affects factors on construction project. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of construction professionals working for the Engineering News Record’s Top 400 US contractors was conducted. Findings – The findings showed that paying on time, competency, reliability and effective collaboration were the most important factors that affected contextual conditions trustworthiness. Factors perceived to strengthen trust included face-to-face communication, electronic documents, and timely and adequate responses to requests for information. The presence of construction managers on construction projects, and corrective changes orders from neutral third parties were perceived to weaken trust. Trust was perceived to assist leadership, team building, communication and information sharing. Originality/value – The main contribution of this study is the discovery of additional factors that impact trust and factors that require trust and that were not identified by previous researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to address amendments to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) recordkeeping rules that will require certain market participants to maintain records of all oral communications leading to the execution of a "commodity interest" transaction that are communicated by telephone, voicemail or mobile device. The paper also seeks to address the CFTC's revised rules expanding the current recordkeeping requirements to include written communications related to swap transactions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the revised rules, adopting release and industry commentary and explains how the requirements of CFTC Regulations 1.31 and 1.35 will be applied to futures commission merchants (FCMs), certain introducing brokers (IBs), certain members of a designated contract market (DCM) or swap execution facility (SEF), and retail forex dealers (RFEDs). Findings – FCMs, certain IBs, certain members of a DCM or SEF, and RFEDs must comply with the oral communications recordkeeping requirements no later than December 21, 2013. FCMs, IBs, all members of a DCM or SEF, and RFEDs must comply with the CFTC's revised recordkeeping rules for written communications no later than February 19, 2013. Practical implications – All FCMs, IBs, members of a DCM or SEF, and RFEDs impacted by the rule should prepare to maintain records of all covered written and oral communications. If it is technologically or economically impractical for a market participant to comply with the requirement to record all oral communications that lead to a commodity interest transaction by the compliance date, the participant should request an alternative compliance schedule. Originality/value – This paper provides practical guidance from experienced financial services lawyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The paper aims to analyse the development of broadcast radio in the USA during the 1920 s, focusing on the legislative and regulatory background, considering the broadcasting spectrum, programme content, and nature of radio as an information resource at that time. Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of primary materials, and of recent secondary materials, is carried out. Findings – The legislative and regulatory framework failed to take note of the unique attributes of information resources, and attempted to treat them in the same manner as more traditional resources. Records of the early days of USA radio are very limited. More positively, radio information resources played a major part in developing several aspects of society, including education, agriculture, and jazz culture. Research limitations/implications – The study shows lessons for development of current information society. The research is limited to one communication medium, in one country, in one decade. It is not a full historical analysis of the development of radio broadcasting, rather it is limited to information resource aspects, largely of public sector broadcasting. Originality/value – The paper is the first study of the early development of radio broadcasting from an information perspective. It shows the value of the "information-as-resource" model for analysing developments in the communication of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide selected Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) Regulatory Notices and Disciplinary Actions issued in June, July, and August 2012. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides FINRA Regulatory Notice 12-29, Communications with the Public, and Notice 12-38, Short Interest Reporting. Findings – Notice 12-29: the SEC has approved FINRA's proposed rule changes to adopt a new set of communication rules that become effective February 4, 2013. They address communications in three categories: institutional communication, retail communication, and correspondence. Among other things, the rules cover approval, review and recordkeeping requirements; content standards; and guidelines for public appearances. Notice 12-38: the SEC approved amendments to FINRA Rule 4560 to codify the requirement that member firms report only "gross" short interest existing in each proprietary and customer account (rather than net positions across accounts) and clarify that member firms' short interest reports must reflect only those short interest positions that settled. Originality/value – These FINRA notices are selected to provide a useful indication of regulatory trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to take a 20-year perspective to revisit the Alar controversy, one of the most hotly argued public issues of the late 1980s, and to explore what fresh conclusions can be drawn for modern risk and issue managers. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reviews contemporary reports and analysis, along with subsequent retrospective opinions from some key participants and commentators, and examines those conclusions in the context of current communication practice. Findings - The Alar case triggered a major reassessment of risk communication and the role of activists and the news media in amplifying issues. But even today some facts of the case remain in dispute and some of the purported lessons have been blurred by history or appear to have had little lasting impact. Practical implications - Issue managers increasingly find themselves defending reputation in the face of public issues which focus on scientific uncertainty, and the Alar case provides vivid examples of both what to do and what not to do. Originality/value - While most scholarship on the case discusses the implications for scientists, regulators and journalists, this paper throws fresh light on the case from the corporate perspective of the manufacturer of Alar, and the apple growers who found themselves in the eye of the storm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the capacity of the very high frequency air/ground (A/G) radio system that supports United States air traffic control is a major reason for upgrading the system to a four-slot time-division multiple-access (TDMA) architecture. Since aviation safety requires a dedicated, immediately accessible AJG circuit for each controller, the thousands of circuits in the nationwide system must have compatible frequency/slot assignments that will allow them all to operate simultaneously if necessary. System capacity may be defined as the size to which the system can grow before it will no longer be feasible to find a compatible assignment for every required new circuit. This paper describes a strategy for combining MG circuits into multislot TDMA ‘bundles’ in a way that will enhance capacity by efficiently using available frequencies and slots. To quantify the resultant capacity gain, the authors have applied the strategy in a series of nationwide system growth simulations, noting the numbers of hypothetical future circuit requirements that were met before frequency denials started to become necessary in some cases. Their results indicate that the capacity of the TDMA version of the system would be 2.8-3.7 times that of the present-day AM analog version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States beef industry is a major stakeholder in national and international agriculture and is driven by technological innovations and beef producers in all 50 states. Beef cattle breed associations are essential to the success of the industry as they not only maintain breed pedigrees but also disseminate vital information to their members. The magazines of beef cattle breed associations are a primary source of communication for U.S. beef producers. Goals for this study were to determine what information beef producers use from their beef breed association magazines, what information they want to see more of in beef breed association magazines, and if producers prefer the magazines in a print or digital format. Uses and gratifications theory, which focuses on the reasons why individuals choose to use a specific communication medium; the effect the medium has on the individual; and the gratifications received through its use, guided this study, along with gatekeeping theory. We used a descriptive quantitative survey research design to disseminate a survey instrument to members of six U.S. beef breed associations. Results revealed a large percentage of survey respondents prefer their beef breed association magazines in a print format. Additionally, results indicate that respondents use association magazines for a variety of information, and they want to see more information related to breed improvement strategies, genetic selection, and technological advancements. Results revealed insightful uses of magazine topics related to breed associations and can be used as a resource to help guide the editorial content of the magazines. We recommend beef cattle breed associations continue to provide magazine content in both print and digital formats and include editorial topics curated to the needs of the beef producers using their magazines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents data from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies with a focus on the interrelationships among health information seeking behavior (HISB), and health status or use of preventive health measures for U.S. adults both with and without a high school diploma. Key results of ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses indicated that, after controlling for demographic factors, (1) adults with a high school diploma use more text-based health information sources while adults without a high school diploma use more oral sources, (2) using the Internet as a source of health information is more strongly related to reporting excellent/very good health status than having a high school diploma, (3) those without a high school diploma who use the Internet report the largest increase in health status over any other health information source, and (4) for those with learning disability or vision problem, a high facility in reading English is an important predictor of whether the Internet is used as a health information source. The Internet appears to play a key role in both enhancing health status and enabling use of preventive measures for those with and without a high school diploma; although, individuals without a high school diploma who use the Internet for health information derive substantial benefit in health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional history, which tell into disfavour over the last generation as historians focused on social and cultural history, has been regaining interest. Oral historians, who once argued over the merits of top-down and bottom-up approaches, have discovered that the methodology works well at any level; and for institutions it works best when approached from both directions. Offering a model for other institutional projects, this paper focuses on the oral history programme conducted by the US Senate Historical Office with former senators and staff. Recognising that perspectives depend on where people stand and that it could not inter-view everyone, the project sought a core sample that cut through the various strata within the institution. Interviewees have helped Senate historians understand how the seemingly arcane rules of the Senate work, why those rules have survived for so long and how a seem-ingly unchanging institution has slowly transformed itself in dramatic ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

‘Dear colleague’ letters – formal, written, member-to-member correspondence – provide a unique window into internal communications in the US House of Representatives. In general, studies of congressional political communications tend to focus on external messaging by members (candidates) to their constituents (voters) through a focus on electoral or constituent communication. Yet these studies may or may not tell us why members choose to engage in internal communication. To address this gap, this paper draws on the literature and presents new hypotheses about factors that increase a member's likelihood of using dear colleague letters. Using House dear colleague letter data from the first session of the 111th Congress (2009), a negative binomial regression tests the importance of seniority, electoral vulnerability, leadership status, and majority party status for dear colleague letter senders. The analysis demonstrates that rank-and-file majority party members who are electorally ‘safe’ are more likely to use the dear colleague system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper provides a brief historical context of emergency management, introduces the National Response Framework (NRF), describes the Emergency Support Functions (ESFs). ESF 1 - Transportation, and offers viable transportation solutions to local, State, and Federal leaders for each of the three life-cycle phases. As our country has continued to evolve the power Federal verse States has posed a challenge for those in leadership positions, particularly what is legal and authorized verses what solves an immediate catastrophic problem. It is important for all Americans and especially those who manage disasters to realize the positive strides made by Federal, State, and local authorities to fuse information and make decisive decisions concerning our domestic national interests. One area of significant importance is the transportation nodes of the United States. The transportation system of the United States is vital to the quality of life of its citizens. Disrupting key transportation hubs for an extended period of time would have a significant detrimental effect on the entire economic system. Experience in this area and others led the Department of Homeland Security in 2008 to initiate the National Response Framework (NRF). This document provides guidance on how the nation conducts an all-hazards response, or simply the level of support the Federal government would provide in the event of an emergency. A primary function of the NRF is to define what constitutes a national emergency and ultimately allows individual States to remain autonomous. Additionally, the NRF provides insight to support natural and/or man-made disasters. The NRF identifies actions as well as logistical support functions outlined in fifteen Emergency Support Functions (ESFs). ESF 1 delineates transportation tasks throughout the doctrinal three-phase life-cycle; prepare, respond, and recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the contradictions between telecommunications regulation and environmental law in America, via coverage of the problem of large numbers of birds being killed at communications towers.Design/methodology/approach – Via statutory, legal, and qualitative analysis, this article provides an analysis of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) compliance with environmental statutes and the conflicts that arise between the agency's mandate to maintain a robust telecommunications network and its statutory responsibilities for environmental protection.Findings – Every year, millions of birds are killed at communications towers. In 1999, the US Fish and Wildlife Service issued guidelines urging the FCC to take action on this problem, as required by various environmental statutes. The FCC ignored the guidelines for several years and defeated the American Bird Conservancy in court when that group sued for observance of the guidelines, but this ruling was later overturned on appeal. The FCC has exhibited a pattern of responding to these developments years after the fact while obfuscating its previous history of non-compliance and non-cooperation. As of early 2012 no viable solution to the avian mortality problem has been proposed.Practical implications – The FCC is required to comply with federal environmental statutes and regulations. However, citizens wishing to dispute FCC environmental compliance will face challenges arising from conflicting statutes and inconsistencies in federal agency behavior.Originality/value – There has been very little research on the intersection of environmental law and telecommunications regulation, and the particular matter of avian mortality at communications towers has only been analyzed by ornithologists and environmental scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium, Schlumberger Carbon Services, and Archer Daniels Midland has implemented a comprehensive communications plan at the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project (IBDP), a one million metric tonne Carbon Capture and Storage project in Decatur, IL, USA funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory. The IBDP Communication Plan includes consortium information, funding and disclaimer citations, description of target audiences, media communications guidelines, paper and presentations guidelines, site visit information, crisis communication, on-site photography regulations, and other components. The creation, development, and implementation processes for the IBDP Communication Plan (the Plan) are shared in this paper. New communications challenges, such as how to address add-on research requests, data sharing and management, scope increase, and contract agreements have arisen since the Plan was completed in January 2009, resulting in development of new policies and procedures by project management. Integrating communications planning, risk assessment, and project management ensured that consistent, factual information was developed and incorporated into project planning, and constitutes the basis of public communications. Successful integration has allowed the IBDP to benefit from early identification and mitigation of the potential project risks, which allows more time to effectively deal with unknown and unidentified risks that may arise. Project risks and risks associated with public perception can be managed through careful planning and integration of communication strategies into project management and risk mitigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage verification tests by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) provided the experience base for the Public Outreach and Education for Carbon Storage Projects, a best practices manual, published in December 2009. This paper summarizes these outreach best practices; discusses their application in Aquistore, a greenfield CO2 storage project under way in western Canada; and reviews the implications for applying the best practices to new projects during the Development Phase of the DOE’s RCSP Program. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper examines the relationship between colleges’ communications pieces and their undergraduate alumni giving. In order to test the question, 250 surveys were mailed to annual giving and development directors at private US colleges that were members of the Council of Advancement and Support of Education. Fifty-eight surveys were returned. The analysis revealed that the overall number of communications pieces sent to alumni was not associated with higher alumni giving levels or participation. The frequency with which certain communication pieces were sent was positively associated with giving: alumni magazines and alumni electronic newsletters. For annual fund and campaign appeal letters, the results were mixed; there was some positive association with alumni giving and some negative association with alumni giving.International Journal of Educational Advancement (2009) 8, 176–197. doi:10.1057/ijea.2009.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major efforts to engage scientists in issues of biosecurity in the United States and internationally began in the early 2000s in response to growing concerns about terrorists using weapons of mass destruction and the mailing of anthrax-laced letters in October 2001. This article draws on the literature about the "science of science communication," including research on framing, to examine the strategies used to try to raise awareness and create support for policies and practices to address public concerns about biosecurity issues within scientific communities. Engagement strategies framed as an inherent part of the broader social responsibilities of the scientific community have shown the promise of being more effective than those framed in terms of legal and regulatory requirements and an emphasis on security alone. The article draws on the case of the InterAcademy Partnership (IAP), the global network of academies of science and medicine, and its relationship with the 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), with additional examples from other national and international scientific organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]