18 results
Search Results
2. Global value chains participation and trade-induced carbon inequality: A comparative analysis of developed and developing economies.
- Author
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Wei, Long, Li, Wenjing, and Jin, Zhida
- Subjects
- *
VALUE chains , *GLOBAL value chains , *CARBON emissions , *CARBON , *PARTICIPATION , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CARBON in soils - Abstract
Trade-induced carbon transfer generates significant impacts on global carbon emissions, leading to carbon inequality (CI). This paper introduces a novel indirect metric, the trade-induced domestic carbon share (TDCS), designed to quantify economies' carbon benefits from international trade. Based on data from 17 manufacturing sectors in 66 major economies, this study compares the impact of developed and developing economies' participation in global value chains (GVCs) on TDCS, offering insights into trade-related carbon inequality. Our analysis reveals that GVCs participation by developed economies generally decrease their TDCS, in contrast to an increase in developing economies, thereby exacerbating carbon inequality. Notably, backward participation in GVCs reduces TDCS across all economies, whereas forward participation in GVCs results in increased TDCS in developing economies but a decrease in developed ones. Additionally, our study indicates that developed economies enhance their position in both forward and backward GVCs but experience a decline in the ratio of domestic value added (DVAR). In contrast, developing economies strengthen their forward GVCs position and DVAR but weaken their backward GVCs position. These findings offer new perspectives on carbon inequality in international trade and provide valuable guidance for policymakers in devising industrial trade and carbon reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Elementary Forms of Place and Their Transformations: A Durkheimian Model.
- Author
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Smith, Philip
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SOCIAL sciences ,SPATIAL behavior - Abstract
Due to the fragmentary nature of research findings and conceptual models, the Durkheimian legacy remains undervalued in contemporary spatial theory. The paper addresses this neglect by proposing a unified Durkheimian model of place which can be applied to case history and comparative analyses. It draws together the fragmented insights of Durkheimian theory to characterize four elementary forms of place: sacred, profane, liminal and mundane. These place/space identities are maintained and transformed through rituals and narratives which depend upon contingent human actions for their sustenance. The paper concludes with an extended case study which deploys the model to explain the changing meanings of the site of the Bastille (Paris, France) over the past two centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Remunicipalisation of water services in Europe. Comparative study of the Neapolitan and Parisian cases.
- Author
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Turri, Vanessa Mascia
- Subjects
- *
MUNICIPAL water supply , *WATER management , *WATER utilities , *COMPARATIVE studies , *WATERWORKS - Abstract
After the politicisation of urban water services governance, over a hundred European cities have implemented water services remunicipalisation reforms inspired by the theory of water management as a common. This paper aims to answer questions about the contextual variables that impact the water utility governance processes and the factors that determine the policymakers' choices. In particular, the work reconstructs the water remunicipalisation reforms of Paris (2009) and Naples (2011) with the Process-Tracing method, compares them, evaluates their outcomes and formulates previsions about their continuance. We base the analysis on qualitative data collected by documentary investigations and 27 in-depth interviews with protagonists of the remunicipalisation processes. Despite implementing the same management model, the water remunicipalisation has produced profoundly different governance processes and outcomes. The Parisian remunicipalisation was quick, efficient, almost conflict-free, and produced a slight implementation gap, whereas the Neapolitan one was long, complex, highly conflictual and generated a substantial implementation gap. Contextual variables and actors' behaviour are essential in explaining water policy reform outcomes. The protagonists of analysed reforms have taken decisions based on opportunities and limits defined by their local contexts and the relational systems in which they are historically embedded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Comparative analysis of the impact of new inspection regime on port state control inspection.
- Author
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Yang, Zhisen, Yang, Zaili, and Teixeira, Angelo Palos
- Subjects
- *
COMPARATIVE studies , *MARITIME safety , *HARBORS , *PORT districts , *MICROSCOPY , *RECORD collecting , *MARINE engineering , *ONLINE databases - Abstract
As an administrative measure to ensure maritime safety, Port State Control inspections are implemented and regarded as an important line of defence in coping with potential maritime accidents. To reinforce its role, a New Inspection Regime (NIR) was developed and put into practice by Paris MoU in 2011. It is widely recognized that the implementation of NIR has transformed and modernized the PSC inspection system in the Paris MoU region, stimulated the vessel qualit, and further improved vessel quality. In this paper, the influence of the implementation of NIR on the PSC inspection system and vessel quality is revealed for the first time. Based on inspection data and records collected from the Paris MoU online database, a comparative analysis between the 'Pre-NIR' (time before the implementation of NIR) and 'Post-NIR' (time after the implementation of NIR) periods is conducted from two perspectives. A macroscopic approach is first adopted to characterise the overall changes in inspection results and inspected vessels' quality through a statistical analysis of extrinsic Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as detention rate and deficiency rate. Then, a microscopic analysis is conducted to assess the influence of the NIR on intrinsic attributes of the vessels and of the inspection results based on Bayesian Network models derived from Pre-NIR and Post-NIR periods. The findings of this research systematically reveal the aspects from which the NIR improves the PSC inspection system, vessel quality and maritime safety. It will generate significant impact on and contribution to the promotion and stimulation of the adoption of NIR in more ports and regions to improve safety at sea in the whole world. • Conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of New Inspection Regime on port state control inspection. • Characterise the changes in PSC inspections and inspected vessels' quality through a statistical analysis of extrinsic KPIs. • Assess the influence of the NIR on intrinsic attributes of the vessels and the inspections based on Bayesian Network models. • Reveal the aspects from which the NIR improves the PSC inspection system, vessel quality and maritime safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Mobilization of irregular migrants in Europe: a comparative analysis.
- Author
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Chimienti, Milena
- Subjects
UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,MASS mobilization ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Why and how do those who by definition seek to avoid the attention of the public and who lack resources manage to mobilize collectively? Comparing the situation of irregular migrants in three European cities (Copenhagen, London and Paris), this article aims to provide some understanding of the reasons for the mobilization, or absence of mobilization, of irregular migrants. It also seeks to explore the processes of development in these movements. In exploring the determinants and modes of irregular migrant mobilizations, this paper builds on Axel Honneth's theory of recognition and expands the analysis provided by theories of social movements of the passage from individual suffering to collective action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Identifying class and 'classifying' identity in Paris 2005 and Ahmedabad 2002.
- Author
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Chatterjee, Ipsita
- Subjects
VIOLENCE ,SOCIAL sciences ,REGRESSION analysis ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Understanding violence is a major pre-occupation in social sciences and approaches to violence range from neoclassical perspectives, to regression models, to pure cultural analysis of difference. This paper attempts to understand violence by examining how class and identity positions are variously juxtaposed in different socio-spatial settings to produce contestations over the human condition. Through a comparative understanding of recent violence in two places-the riots of 2005 in Paris, France, and of 2002 in Ahmedabad, India-I indicate how class and identity overlap to produce fused realms of othering and violation. Through comparative analysis, I argue that in a globalizing world, class and identity will overlap in multifarious ways depending on the socio-spatial particularities of systemic exclusion. Therefore, studies of violence must move away from purely economistic and mathematical model building and instead move towards combining economic and cultural analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
8. Choosing the local school: middle class parents' values and social and ethnic mix in London and Paris.
- Author
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Raveaud, Maroussia and Zanten, Agnes van
- Subjects
SCHOOL choice ,MIDDLE class ,PUBLIC schools ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SOCIAL classes - Abstract
This paper analyses a specific kind of choice, choice of the local school, by a specific middle class group, characterized by its high cultural capital, its ‘caring’ perspective and liberal political orientation, in two cosmopolitan, ‘mixed’ settings, London and Paris, with a focus on values and how ethical dilemmas raised by confrontation with the social and ethnic mix in schools are solved. It draws upon a small‐scale comparative study of urban middle class parents conducted in 2004–2005 at the Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris in collaboration with the London Institute of Education. Using the same open‐ended schedule, 28 interviews were carried out in one London locality and 38 in a similar locality in the Parisian periphery (plus 12 others in a nearby private school). Its main purpose was to use a cross‐Channel comparison to test and enrich a comprehensive model of school choice that tries to take into account the complex interaction between policies, strategies, contexts, resources and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Parkin interacting substrate phosphorylation by c-Abl drives dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
- Author
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Kim, Hyojung, Shin, Jeong-Yong, Jo, Areum, Kim, Ji Hun, Park, Sangwook, Choi, Jeong-Yun, Kang, Ho Chul, Dawson, Valina L, Dawson, Ted M, Shin, Joo-Ho, and Lee, Yunjong
- Subjects
NILOTINIB ,PARKIN (Protein) ,PARKINSON'S disease ,PHOSPHORYLATION ,BRAIN diseases ,KNOCKOUT mice ,PROTEIN metabolism ,RESEARCH ,NEURONS ,ANIMAL experimentation ,RESEARCH methodology ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,PARKINSONIAN disorders ,NEURODEGENERATION ,MICE - Abstract
Aberrant activation of the non-receptor kinase c-Abl is implicated in the development of pathogenic hallmarks of Parkinson's disease, such as α-synuclein aggregation and progressive neuronal loss. c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of parkin ligase function lead to accumulation of parkin interacting substrate (PARIS) that mediates α-synuclein pathology-initiated dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Here we show that, in addition to PARIS accumulation, c-Abl phosphorylation of PARIS is required for PARIS-induced cytotoxicity. c-Abl-mediated phosphorylation of PARIS at Y137 (within the Krüppel-associated box domain) drives its association with KAP1 and the repression of genes with diverse functions in pathways such as chromatin remodelling and p53-dependent cell death. One phosphorylation-dependent PARIS target, MDM4 (a p53 inhibitor that associates with MDM2; also known as MDMX), is transcriptionally repressed in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner via PARIS binding to insulin response sequence motifs within the MDM4 promoter. Virally induced PARIS transgenic mice develop c-Abl activity-dependent Parkinson's disease features such as motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss and neuroinflammation. PARIS expression in the midbrain resulted in c-Abl activation, PARIS phosphorylation, MDM4 repression and p53 activation, all of which are blocked by the c-Abl inhibitor nilotinib. Importantly, we also observed aberrant c-Abl activation and PARIS phosphorylation along with PARIS accumulation in the midbrain of adult parkin knockout mice, implicating c-Abl in recessive Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of c-Abl or PARIS phosphorylation by nilotinib or Y137F-PARIS expression in adult parkin knockout mice blocked MDM4 repression and p53 activation, preventing motor deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Finally, we found correlative increases in PARIS phosphorylation, MDM4 repression and p53 activation in post-mortem Parkinson's disease brains, pointing to clinical relevance of the c-Abl-PARIS-MDM4-p53 pathway. Taken together, our results describe a novel mechanism of epigenetic regulation of dopaminergic degeneration downstream of pathological c-Abl activation in Parkinson's disease. Since c-Abl activation has been shown in sporadic Parkinson's disease, PARIS phosphorylation might serve as both a useful biomarker and a potential therapeutic target to regulate neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Exposure to lateral collision in signalized intersections with protected left turn under different traffic control strategies
- Author
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Midenet, Sophie, Saunier, Nicolas, and Boillot, Florence
- Subjects
- *
TRAFFIC engineering , *MILITARY strategy , *SIGNALIZED intersections , *RIGHT of way , *TRAFFIC conflicts , *ROAD users , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Abstract: This paper proposes an original definition of the exposure to lateral collision in signalized intersections and discusses the results of a real world experiment. This exposure is defined as the duration of situations where the stream that is given the right-of-way goes through the conflict zone while road users are waiting in the cross-traffic approach. This measure, obtained from video sensors, makes it possible to compare different operating conditions such as different traffic signal strategies. The data from a real world experiment is used, where the adaptive real-time strategy CRONOS (ContRol Of Networks by Optimization of Switchovers) and a time-plan strategy with vehicle-actuated ranges alternately controlled an isolated intersection near Paris. Hourly samples with similar traffic volumes are compared and the exposure to lateral collision is different in various areas of the intersection and various traffic conditions for the two strategies. The total exposure under peak hour traffic conditions drops by roughly 5min/h with the CRONOS strategy compared to the time-plan strategy, which occurs mostly on entry streams. The results are analyzed through the decomposition of cycles in phase sequences and recommendations are made for traffic control strategies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. MOVILIDAD PARA LA EMANCIPACIÓN O PARA EL ARRAIGO: INTERACCIÓN DE LAS ESCALAS EN PARÍS Y SANTIAGO DE CHILE.
- Author
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Jouffe, Yves and Campos, Fernando
- Subjects
- *
RESIDENTIAL mobility , *POPULATION geography , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
The joint analysis of individual or family strategies of daily and residential mobility -which is hereby proposed- aims at better understanding both processes, in a context where the home appears not only as an origin or a destination but also as a resource for mobility. This approach allows the observation of the eventual substitution or complementation effects between both areas -daily and residential-, that is to say, when daily travels compensate or, on the contrary, follows the residential mobility pattern. The paper analyzes the integration of the multiple dimensions of mobility, in search for key principles through which meaning is conveyed at the same time by the relationship with the territory, the decisions related to the extension and intensity of mobility, as well as life projects and ethical values. Thus, from the study of poor workers of the far suburb of Paris, we set the bases to discuss its replicability to the case of Santiago of Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
12. Perception de la gêne environnementale en fonction de différents types d’unités urbaines françaises.
- Author
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Robin, M., Matheau-Police, A., and Couty, C.
- Subjects
CITY dwellers ,NUISANCES ,SENSORY perception ,SECONDARY analysis ,COMPARATIVE studies ,METROPOLITAN areas ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Fuelling the controversy on Uber's arrival: A comparative media analysis of Paris and Montreal.
- Author
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Lesteven, Gaele and Godillon, Sylvanie
- Subjects
- *
TAXICAB industry , *PUBLIC opinion , *PUBLIC demonstrations , *COMPARATIVE studies , *NEWSPAPER publishing - Abstract
In the last decade, ride-hailing services and especially Uber – the most famous of them – have created a stir in urban mobility and its governance. Much has been written in the media, but not much of this media coverage has been analysed in the academic literature. The purpose of this paper is to understand the representations tied to Uber's arrival and how public opinion has been shaped. To do this, we analysed the media discourses generated by Uber's arrival in two cities: Paris and Montreal. We explored the role of media coverage in fuelling controversy on Uber and in influencing policy debate. The material consisted of 354 articles published in local newspapers between 2014 and 2016. We found extensive media coverage of street protests. The scale of the coverage reflected the intensity of the protests, which were more frequent and violent in Paris than in Montreal. The media functioned as an echo chamber for the taxi industry and also for Uber. Public opinion about Uber as shaped by the media was ambivalent. The media dramatised the controversy, pressuring policymakers to take a position. Policy responses have shown more flexibility towards ride-hailing in Quebec than in France. • The media focused on taxi strikes, more frequent and violent in Paris than in Montreal. • The media functioned as an echo chamber for the taxi industry but also for Uber. • Public opinion about Uber as shaped by the media was ambivalent. • The scale of media coverage influenced the political agenda. • Uber was viewed as an illegal service to be banned in Paris, to be legalised in Montreal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Shaping Learning for Young Audiences: A Comparative Case Study of Children's Texts from Two Parisian Museums.
- Author
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Lipovsky, Caroline
- Subjects
FUNCTIONAL linguistics ,MUSEUMS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GEOMETRIC shapes ,CASE studies ,LEARNING - Abstract
With numerous museums currently targeting children and families, museum texts aimed at a young public are becoming increasingly frequent. There is little literature however concerning the ways in which those texts strive to shape children's experience and understanding. Using children's texts collected from two French museums, Paris's Musée d'Orsay and Musée en Herbe, and drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics theory, this study first seeks to explore the linguistic features of children's texts. Using Legitimation Code Theory, the study also highlights and contrasts the ways in which the two museums' practices and beliefs concerning their roles as learning institutions influence the texts they produce, in terms of both learning potential and interaction with their young audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Parkin interacting substrate zinc finger protein 746 is a pathological mediator in Parkinson's disease.
- Author
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Brahmachari, Saurav, Lee, Saebom, Kim, Sangjune, Yuan, Changqing, Karuppagounder, Senthilkumar S, Ge, Preston, Shi, Rosa, Kim, Esther J, Liu, Alex, Kim, Donghoon, Quintin, Stephan, Jiang, Haisong, Kumar, Manoj, Yun, Seung Pil, Kam, Tae-In, Mao, Xiaobo, Lee, Yunjong, Swing, Deborah A, Tessarollo, Lino, and Ko, Han Seok
- Subjects
ZINC-finger proteins ,PARKINSON'S disease ,PROTEIN metabolism ,ENZYME metabolism ,ANIMAL experimentation ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MICE ,NERVE tissue proteins ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
α-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although loss of function mutations in the ubiquitin ligase, parkin, cause autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease, there is evidence that parkin is inactivated in sporadic Parkinson's disease. Whether parkin inactivation is a driver of neurodegeneration in sporadic Parkinson's disease or a mere spectator is unknown. Here we show that parkin in inactivated through c-Abelson kinase phosphorylation of parkin in three α-synuclein-induced models of neurodegeneration. This results in the accumulation of parkin interacting substrate protein (zinc finger protein 746) and aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex interacting multifunctional protein 2 with increased parkin interacting substrate protein levels playing a critical role in α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration, since knockout of parkin interacting substrate protein attenuates the degenerative process. Thus, accumulation of parkin interacting substrate protein links parkin inactivation and α-synuclein in a common pathogenic neurodegenerative pathway relevant to both sporadic and familial forms Parkinson's disease. Thus, suppression of parkin interacting substrate protein could be a potential therapeutic strategy to halt the progression of Parkinson's disease and related α-synucleinopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. School Choice in London and Paris - A Comparison of Middle-class Strategies.
- Author
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Benson, Michaela, Bridge, Gary, and Wilson, Deborah
- Subjects
SCHOOL choice ,MIDDLE class ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EDUCATION policy ,EDUCATION ,BRITISH education system ,CULTURAL production theory (Education) ,CONSUMER preferences ,EDUCATIONAL accountability ,PRIVATE schools - Abstract
Education is one major public service in which quasi-markets and other choice-based mechanisms are now established methods of delivery. The types of school people choose, and the extent to which their choices are realized, have a fundamental impact on the outcomes of any mechanism of school choice. In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of the school choice strategies of middle-class families in London and Paris. We draw on approximately 200 in-depth interviews carried out across the two cities. This enables us to investigate the extent to which middle-class school choice strategies transcend the institutional context provided by both the local (state and private) schools market and national education policy in England and France. We discuss these findings in the context of current school choice policy and consider their implications for future policy design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. A COMPARATIVE RELATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MIGRANTS AND CITIES.
- Author
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Schiller, Nina Glick
- Subjects
URBAN studies ,COMPARATIVE studies ,URBAN research ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
This article addresses the thorny and re-emergent issue of comparative urban studies by offering some initial thoughts on the need for a relative scalar approach to the comparative study of cities. Cities are approached as entry points into the mutual constitution of local, regional, national, and global positional scales of differentiated but connected domains of cultural, political, and economic power. The comparative perspective offered here focuses on the varying relationship between international migrants and their cities of settlement. In assessing the factors that contribute to a city's repositioning within parameters of power, residents of cities-including migrants-may become "scale-makers" as they experience, understand, and evaluate the relative merits of cities. Drawing data from three cities in Europe and the United States-Paris, Dallas, and Halle/Saale-the proposed analytical framework can also be used globally to think about the analytical parameters for comparative urban research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The art museum as a city or a machine for showing art?
- Author
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Tzortzi, Kali
- Subjects
COMPARATIVE studies ,ART museums - Abstract
The article discusses the comparative study which analysis the National Museum of Modern Art in Pompidou Centre, Paris, France and the Tate Modern art gallery in London, England. It notes that the Pompidou museum was designed by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano while the Tate art gallery was an industrial building renovated by Swiss practice Herzog & de Meuron. It adds that the two museums have similarities in spatial ideas and fundamental morphological properties that house large-scale modern art in buildings that constitute urban landmarks.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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