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Purpose: This paper aims to provide an overview of representative multimedia applications in the cultural heritage sector, as well as research results on quality of service (QoS) mechanisms in internet protocol (IP) networks that support such applications. Design/methodology/approach: The paper's approach is a literature review. Findings: Cultural heritage multimedia applications require greater bandwidth capacity, especially where multiple users share the connections. For such applications, scalability and reliability of quality of service depend on packet-level QoS mechanisms operating in a full end-to-end basis. Research limitations/implications: The paper provides a foundation for future research directions in the professional communication context. For instance, the QoS mechanisms in possible network infrastructures could be used to explore effective multimedia data dissemination across cultural heritage institutions. Practical implications: The paper provides an overview of which technologies/mechanisms are being used most broadly and which might provide the most potential for cultural heritage institutions managers considering experimenting in the multimedia communications area. Originality/value: QoS mechanisms that support multimedia applications in the cultural heritage sector need to become well known by cultural heritage institutions managers and professional associations in the fields of libraries, museums and archives. This paper provides a useful overview of the topic. (Contains 1 figure.)

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA is deployed as the primary medium access control (MAC) layer protocol to schedule the access to the wireless medium. The IEEE 802.11 standard was designed with the assumption that nodes would never deviate from the protocol. However, MANET nodes may purposefully show misbehavior at the MAC layer to obtain more bandwidth or degrade the network performance and disrupt the network services. This paper reviews and classifies the most important strategies generating MAC layer misbehavior based on their objectives and operating principles. Then, it examines some of the recent proposed solutions and mechanisms for detecting and preventing MAC layer misbehavior. A comparison of the studied solutions is carried out using a set of critical evaluation metrics. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief summary of key ideas and a general direction that can provide a basis for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By applying the principles of MANETs, a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) [2] can be established in an ad-hoc mode by vehicles. In the third paper [5], the authors introduce an epidemic algorithm (EPIC) for message dissemination in VANETs. From another perspective, existing routing protocols for VANETs often use several metrics to select the best route in a VANET. [Extracted from the article]