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The article announces the winning papers from the 2020 Human Rights Essay Award from the Academy on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law of American University Washington College of Law including "Hong Kong's Tortuous Democratization: How Far Can Human Rights Law Take Us?" by Sean O'Reilly, the Spanish paper by Natalia Beltrán Orjuela of Colombia, and "Conflict Resolution in Post-Violence Societies: Some Guidance for the Judiciary" by Nasia Hadjigeorgiou.

This paper has addressed the growing wave of unrest in Eswatini and analysed the role of African regional organizations in the prevention of human rights violation. This qualitative research has studied and answered three fold questions; what are the role played, challenges faced and suggestions towards African regional organizations in the prevention of human rights violation in Eswatini. The findings from documented analysis revealed that African regional organizations; African Union and Southern African Development Community respectively mainly focus on resolving conflict at present rather than human rights violation. The regional organizations face numerous challenges such as political interference, mistrust from civilians, and African governments undermining regional human rights bodies by failing to comply with their decisions, ignoring their urgent appeals, and neglecting to report. This paper has suggested that it is very important for African regional organizations to incorporate both human rights and conflict resolution bodies to work alongside in preventing human rights violation and promoting peace without separating the two bodies otherwise a wide gap shall continue to persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the 24 of February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, impacting millions of people's lives. In addition, the millions of displaced refugees have sparked a major international relations conflict. As a result, most refugees have traveled to their neighboring country, Poland. This research paper, based on a set of survey responses and interviews, outlines key policy recommendations that the Polish government should apply to best adjust to the rapid influx in population. The policies are family, religion, and language-oriented and focus on lengthening the stay of Ukrainian refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Psychology, Society & Education is the property of Psychology, Society & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

European peace and security became under threat with the developments in the Socialist Federation of Yugoslavia (SFRY), particularly after 1991. The war in Slovenia and Croatia signalized that existence of the Federation it was no longer possible. European Community (EC) and its Member States strongly advocated for peaceful resolution of the conflict. On 19th July 1991, they reaffirmed readiness to be involved, in the role of third party, in restoration of the dialogue between the Republics and the Federation. Deterioration of the situation due to the declarations of independence made EC to come out with the proposal for the peace conference on Yugoslavia. Therefore, the Arbitration Commission issued several opinions related to the right of self-determination and whether the Republics that declared independence from the Federation fulfilled the necessary conditions of statehood. Considering that independence of the constituent republics symbolized the violent dissolution of SFRY, this paper aims to analyze the approach of EC and its Member States on the recognition of the independence of the Republics. In the academic literature, very few studies have focused on what made the EC and its Member States to come out with the proposal for the peace conference, concretely for an arbitration commission, and how the Republics that declared independence responded to the EC proposal for a common political agreement and arbitration commission? In this paper, will be analyzed the EC Statements on Yugoslavia, Statements of the SFRY Presidency, and the Opinions of the Badinter Commission for the period 1991-1992. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes conflict resolution strategies in public procurement in two transition economies, Russia and Kazakhstan, based on a supplier survey. The results show that 25% of suppliers in Kazakhstan and 32% of suppliers in Russia said preferred to resolve all public procurement conflicts through negotiations with the procurer without involving a third party represented by the regulator and/or the judicial system. The findings also revealed that Russian suppliers, potentially affiliated with procurers, are less likely to encounter conflict situations. The attitude to the practice of "predetermined choice," when the procurer selects a supplier before the formal procurement procedure, was used as an indirect indicator of such affiliation. In addition, the empirical analysis shows that, in both countries, suppliers who are not inclined to trust the court and indicate high costs of participation in litigation are more likely to use the strategy of direct negotiations to resolve procurement conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to analyze factors based on organizational knowledge management (KM; transactional memory systems and knowledge-oriented leadership [K-OL]) that help firms to mitigate conflicts based on task management at work, with the aim to improve their innovation capabilities (IC). The knowledge-based view of the firm, conflict management theory and cognitive collective engagement theory have been used to build a model of relationships that connects the development of positive KM contexts and management of dysfunctional conflict with IC improvement. Design/methodology/approach: Data survey collected from inland hotel establishments in Spain is used to test seven hypotheses by means of structural equations modeling, applying the partial least squares technique. Direct, indirect and mediating relationships between variables are examined from the structural path model. Findings: The results confirm that, as expected, IC improve when K-OL and transactive memory systems (TMSs) are properly implemented by hotel establishments, which leads them to reduce negative effects of task management conflict (TMC). Significant direct effects are found between the key variables of the study and also a significant indirect effect between K-OL and IC through TMS reinforcement and the mitigation of TMC. Practical implications: This paper provides useful ideas for hotel managers about how to improve KM contexts in their establishments while avoiding TMC. Efforts devoted to creating those contexts by hotel establishments are shown to be effective to improve their IC and create competitive advantages. Originality/value: The analysis of IC improvement by studying TMC mitigation had not been researched to date by the KM literature. The consideration and testing of a model that integrates KM-related tools such as K-OL and TMS to avoid TMC in the hotel industry is the main contribution of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a real-time multi-agent fleet management strategy for autonomous underground mines vehicles. The fleet management strategy is based on multi-agent technology and includes a novel variation of the Contract-Net protocol. This paper also proposes a set of conflict management procedures to deal with the narrow nature of underground drifts, as well as the sequencing of trucks' loading activities. This strategy is tested in a simulated environment based on an industrial case study. Both the strategy and the test environment were implanted using AnyLogic. More specifically, the fleet management activities addressed are dispatching, routing and traffic management of mining vehicles, which deal respectively with the assignment of the next destination to a vehicle that has just completed a task; the choice of the route to be followed to reach the selected destination; and traffic coordination in the underground transportation network, made up of one-lane bi-directional road segments. To evaluate the proposed solution, an agent-based simulation model of a Canadian underground gold mine is implemented with AnyLogic. Results show that the proposed coordination strategy outperform the one currently employed strategy by the mine under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key aspect of institutions for conflict resolution is their legitimacy. What legitimacy entails, however, is essentially contested and depends in part on whether one takes a legal, normative, or social perspective. The current special issue aims to gain a better understanding of legitimacy within the context of institutions for conflict resolution by examining (1) whether and, if so, how studying institutions for conflict resolution through the lens of legitimacy can deepen our understanding of these institutions, and (2) whether and, if so, how studying legitimacy in the specific context of institutions for conflict resolution can enrich our understanding of legitimacy. After introducing the term 'institutions for conflict resolution' and detailing current approaches to legitimacy, this Introduction assesses what the potential cross-fertilisation between both concepts may look like. We do so based on the papers included in this special issue, which showcase the diversity of ways in which legitimacy of institutions for conflict resolution may be researched, as they focus on different types of conflicts that take place within different fields of law and involve different kinds of institutions. Finally, we take stock of the insights yielded by the papers included in this issue, and reflect on directions for further research on legitimacy, institutions for conflict resolution, and their cross-fertilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock Paper Scissors is used to resolve conflict when a compromise is not possible. Individuals playing ``games'' tend to have biases they prefer to play. I show that Rock Paper Scissors with biased players results in a player with a high valuation for winning being victorious with a probability greater than a player with a low valuation. Thus, it frequently achieves the efficient outcome. Furthermore, as the benefit to victory increases for all players, victory for each player becomes equally likely. Therefore, it is often efficient for minor conflicts while it performs no better than a coin-flip for major conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]