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One of the challenges in constructing Knowledge Graphs from text is verifying the correctness of the produced results. Each language has its unique characteristics, so a Knowledge Graphs construction system may perform better on certain languages and worse on others. In order to detect the most suitable Knowledge Graph construction systems for Vietnamese, in this paper, we propose a method to classify triples extracted from such systems into two categories: Existent and Non-existent. Vietnamese is a low-resource language with limited natural language processing tools and datasets. By combining BERT with a self-constructed Vietnamese Knowledge Graph, we build a classification model to verify the existence of triples in paragraphs. Our results suggest that BERT can learn contextual relations between words from a large amount of text, even for a low-resource language like Vietnamese. BERT's adaptive capability to detect meaningful triples is also shown and discussed. The outcome of this paper could potentially be used to build more sophisticated systems to solve Knowledge Graph construction and Triple Classification tasks in low resource languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on a series of task-based interviews in which nine mathematicians were asked to evaluate a series of six mathematical arguments, purportedly produced either by fellow mathematicians or undergraduate students. In this paper, we attend to the role of context in mathematicians' responses, leading to four themes in expectations when evaluating the proofs that they read. First, mathematicians' evaluations of identical arguments were sensitive to researchers' manipulation of authorship, with most accepting arguments purportedly produced by a colleague while taking a more critical view of that same argument if produced by an undergraduate student. Our thematic analysis of interview responses led to three context-based factors influencing mathematicians' responses when evaluating student-produced texts: course goals, instructors' expectations, and assessment type. In the final section, we consider implications for researchers focused on understanding common practice amongst mathematicians as well as the pedagogic consequences of our findings for practice in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates how to interpret the superimposed caption box (SCB) in broadcasted sports videos of which the SCB template is presumably not given as a priori. The embedded captions in sports video programs represent digested key information of the video content. Most of the previous studies assume that the SCB template and the character bitmaps are known. The major contributions of this paper are (1) caption template extraction and identification, (2) symbol extraction and modeling, and (3) semantic interpretation of the identified captions and symbols. Experimental results show that the algorithm performs the SCB con- tents understanding for several commercial sports video programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and accurate radiology reporting is critical in modern healthcare for timely diagnosis and patient care. In this paper, we present a novel deep learning approach that leverages BioGPT and co-attention mechanisms for automatic chest X-ray report generation. Our model, termed “ChestBioX-Gen” is designed to bridge the gap between medical images and textual reports. BioGPT, a biological language model, contributes its contextual understanding to the task, while the co-attention mechanism efficiently aligns relevant regions of the image with textual descriptions. This collaborative combination enables ChestBioX-Gen to generate coherent and contextually accurate reports that embed complex medical findings. Our model not only reduces the burden on radiologists but also enhances the consistency and quality of reports. By automating the report generation process, ChestBioX-Gen contributes to faster diagnoses and improved patient care. Quantitative evaluations, measured through BLEU-N and Rouge-L metrics, demonstrate the model's proficiency in producing clinically relevant reports with scores of 0.6685, 0.6247, 0.5689, 0.4806, and 0.7742 on BLUE 1, 2, 3, 4, and Rouge-L, respectively. In conclusion, the integration of BioGPT and co-attention mechanisms in ChestBioX-Gen represents an advancement in AI-driven medical image analysis. As radiology reporting plays a critical role in healthcare, our model holds the potential to revolutionize how medical insights are extracted and communicated, ultimately benefiting both radiologists and patients.

Hadith scholars have developed a rigorous discipline for studying and examining the validity of writings attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. Significant research has been published on hadith with respect to its narration (sanad) and text or content (matn). What remains underdeveloped is the role of substantive criticism of the validity of hadith. This article examines the discourse of hadith criticism and provide analytical description and a critical approach for how the validity of a hadith can be determined. It argues that substantive criticism is necessary for proper and acceptable understanding of hadith and in turn for determining the validity of hadith. In addition to a methodology for hadith criticism, the article examines how the meaning of hadith is important in the hadith studies. The article’s main argument concerns the significance of contextual understanding of hadith in any critical study of hadith. [Sarjana hadis telah mengembangkan disiplin yang ketat untuk mempelajari dan memeriksa keabsahan tulisan-tulisan yang dikaitkan dengan Nabi Muhammad. Banyak tulisan yang membahas narasi (sanad) dan teks serta konten (matn) telah dupublikasi. Dari banyaknya karya tersebut pembahasan yang lebih lanjut untuk dituliskan adalah peran kritik substantif terhadap validitas hadits. Artikel ini mengkaji wacana kritik hadis dan memberikan gambaran analitis dan pendekatan kritis tentang keabsahan sebuah hadis. Paper ini berpendapat tentang kritik substantif diperlukan untuk pemahaman hadits yang tepat dan dapat diterima untuk menentukan validitas hadits. Selain metodologi kritik hadis, artikel ini mengkaji makna hadis dalam kajian hadis. Argumen artikel ini menyangkut pemahaman kontekstual hadits dalam setiap studi kritis pada hadits]

This paper seeks to develop contextual constructionism through elaboration of the concept of context and the articulation of an accompanying methodology for empirical research. I approach context as a construct involving awareness when: (1) claims-makers define contexts in social problem debates, and (2) academic analysts do likewise in studying those debates and their outcomes. Such constructions can either converge or diverge, both within and across groups of claims-makers and analysts, with significant consequences for understanding and interaction. Importantly, context is never singular, for it always presupposes at least two related settings, namely, an immediate situation involving claims that is embedded in a more distant or general one which has at least a short-term historical dimension. Both social problems claims-makers and constructionist analysts, moreover, engage in "context work," that is, efforts to sustain an overarching sense of setting between periods of social problems claims-making and research on them. I suggest that analysts examine claims-makers' discourse in order to identify their view of context, and then apply the same scrutiny to their own presuppositions. Analysts should also be alert to strategic uses of context as a resource ("context gaming"), they should map significant shifts in constructions of context and pay attention to unobtrusive factors that might not yet have entered awareness. Finally, analysts should avoid overly deterministic accounts. For although contexts, as constructed, do indeed impose constraints, they ought not to be seen as eliminating agency, but only as locating it in ways that facilitate sociological insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of critique in public engagement scholarship on new and emerging science and innovation, this article engages with the methodological and conceptual challenges of making anticipatory knowledge. Adopting a science and technology studies perspective, a public engagement methodology is presented aimed at anticipating the kinds of possible and plausible worlds that novel science and technology bring into being. Drawing on six empirical social science research projects using focus groups, design criteria are explicated on context, framing, moderation, sampling, analysis and interpretation. A feature of the methodology lies in the assembly of emergent collectives and identities that are constituted to negotiate endogenously public meanings, concerns and priorities. I reflect on the potential of such processes to reconfigure dominant policy narratives, the role of the social scientist in mediating such processes and the politics of making anticipatory knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During a fatal Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Bangladesh, residents rejected biomedical explanations of NiV transmission and treatment and lost trust in the public healthcare system. Field anthropologists developed and communicated a prevention strategy to bridge the gap between the biomedical and local explanation of the outbreak.Methods: We explored residents' beliefs and perceptions about the illness and care-seeking practices and explained prevention messages following an interactive strategy with the aid of photos showed the types of contact that can lead to NiV transmission from bats to humans by drinking raw date palm sap and from person-to-person.Results: The residents initially believed that the outbreak was caused by supernatural forces and continued drinking raw date palm sap despite messages from local health authorities to stop. Participants in community meetings stated that the initial messages did not explain that bats were the source of this virus. After our intervention, participants responded that they now understood how NiV could be transmitted and would abstain from raw sap consumption and maintain safer behaviours while caring for patients.Conclusions: During outbreaks, one-way behaviour change communication without meaningful causal explanations is unlikely to be effective. Based on the cultural context, interactive communication strategies in lay language with supporting evidence can make biomedical prevention messages credible in affected communities, even among those who initially invoke supernatural causal explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]