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The bulk volume and diverse data generated by Smart grid applications require use of Cognitive Radio (CR) technology for efficient handling. The CR technology proved out to be the most efficient technology which improves spectral utilization of any wireless network. The work in this paper is on the assignment of spectrum to the secondary users when primary user are not using. The work uses hybrid of CR and MIMO technology with clustering of gate ways, the channel allocation is done by taking real time environment in consideration. In this paper, three assignment schemes are proposed fair (F-MIMO) scheme, priority (P-MIMO) scheme and small clusters (CC-MIMO). The F-MIMO is used in low traffic condition, when all the HGWs sends the periodic data. The P-MIMO instead of reserving channels for priority user's places non priority users in buffer in conditions when no vacant channel is available for priority users, this scheme is used in moderate traffic conditions. For the high traffic load, CC-MIMO provides priority and also borrows channels from nearby gate ways. The simulations are performed in three clusters. The simulations are done under moderate traffic using P-MIMO to compare utility of gateway with sensing bandwidth using different sensing costs. The proposed three schemes are compared in fairness and user rewards in both scenarios when borrowing is allowed and not allowed. The CC-MIMO performed optimal as compared to F-MIMO and P-MIMO which are comparable to other schemes in literature. The number of channel allocations and maximum sum reward are simulated with respect to the number of users in presence of priority users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on provision of funds against payment under Article 135 of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) Directive for granting credit or for business transactions. It mentions bill of exchange receivable on the due date guaranteed and granting credit or for business transactions provide with other commercial papers for a turnover. It also mentions factoring company as a result of the transfer of one from the second taxpayer.

In a recent paper, Hirsch (hα: an index to quantify an individual's scientific leadership, 2019. 10.1007/s11192-018-2994-1)  proposes to attribute the credit for a co-authored paper to the α-author—the authors with the highest h-index—regardless of his or her actual contribution, effectively reducing the role of the other co-authors to zero. The indicator hα inherits most of the disadvantages of the h-index from which it is derived, but adds the normative element of reinforcing the Matthew effect in science. Using an example, we show that hα can be extremely unstable. The empirical attribution of credit among co-authors is not captured by abstract models such as h, h¯, or hα. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of papers published in the January 1, 1981 issue of the journal Philippine Sociological Review. The paper "Some Notes on the Masagana 99 Program and Small Farmer Access to Credit," by Emmanuel Esguerra focuses on the accessibility of credit to small farmers as a performance indicator of the Masagana 99 program. Its main argument is that the logic of profit maximization dictates that credit agencies are generally adverse to high risk lending. The paper "Power Dynamics of Rural Families: The Case of a Samar Barrio," by Mina E. Contado investigates the power structure of rural families by looking at patterns of decision-making, authority, influence, and task role allocation. The paper "The Socioeconomic Aspects of Developmental Infrastructure: Two Aspects From a Project in the Southern Philippines," by Francis C. Madigan addresses the effects of rural electrification in isolation from other elements of a developmental package and finds a positive association between electrification and median income, and between electrification and non-farm employment.

This paper isolates the causal impact of neighborhood environment on the credit outcomes of low-income borrowers by analyzing the participants of the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment. MTO was a unique, large-scale experiment that offered families vouchers to move to better neighborhoods via randomized lottery. We find higher credit scores and use among those required to move to the lowest poverty areas as young children. For those who moved as adults, we find that better neighborhoods lead to a reduction of overdue debts and delinquencies, but only among those given unrestricted neighborhood choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth credit system is an important part of social credit. Firstly, current situation of youth credit development has been analysed from organizational level, policy level, and pilot work level in this paper. Also, the problems faced by the construction of youth credit system at present have been summarized. Thus, a few recommendations of the construction of youth credit system have been made accordingly, which include establishing and improving youth credit standard system, designing youth credit evaluation model, further improving mechanism of joint incentive and repairing dishonesty, providing abundant and perfect credit products and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents books written by authors with a emphasis on the culture of public credit while excoriating it in favor of the landed interest. "The Discourse of the Sublime: Readings in History, Aesthetics and the Subject," by Peter De Bolla; "Writings and the Rise of Finance: Capital Satires of the Early Eighteenth Century," by Colin Nicholson; "Models of Value: Eighteenth-Century Political Economy and the Novel," by James Thompson.

A fair assignment of credit for multi-authored publications is a long-standing issue in scientometrics. In the calculation of the h -index, for instance, all co-authors receive equal credit for a given publication, independent of a given author's contribution to the work or of the total number of co-authors. Several attempts have been made to distribute the credit in a more appropriate manner. In a recent paper, Hirsch has suggested a new way of credit assignment that is fundamentally different from the previous ones: All credit for a multi-author paper goes to a single author, the called " α -author", defined as the person with the highest current h -index (not the highest h -index at the time of the paper's publication) (Hirsch, 2019). The collection of papers this author has received credit for as α -author is then used to calculate a new index, h α , following the same recipe as for the usual h index. The objective of this new assignment is not a fairer distribution of credit, but rather the determination of an altogether different property, the degree of a person's scientific leadership. We show that given the complex time dependence of h for individual scientists, the approach of using the current h value instead of the historic one is problematic, and we argue that it would be feasible to determine the α -author at the time of the paper's publication instead. On the other hand, there are other practical considerations that make the calculation of the proposed h α very difficult. As an alternative, we explore other ways of crediting papers to a single author in order to test early career achievement or scientific leadership. • The time-dependent evolution of the h-index in a large set of individual scientists is investigated. • The presented data allows to identify the α -author at the time of publication rather than at the present time. • We suggest h-index variants emphasizing early career success and later achievements appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]