1. A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease.
- Author
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Foster, Stephanie L., Woolsey, Courtney, Borisevich, Viktoriya, Agans, Krystle N., Prasad, Abhishek N., Deer, Daniel J., Geisbert, Joan B., Dobias, Natalie S., Fenton, Karla A., Cross, Robert W., and Geisbert, Thomas W.
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NIPAH virus , *VIRUS diseases , *KILLER cells , *CYTOTOXIC T cells , *CERCOPITHECUS aethiops - Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging highly lethal zoonotic disease that, like SARS-CoV-2, can be transmitted via respiratory droplets. Single-injection vaccines that rapidly control NiV outbreaks are needed. To assess the ability of a vaccine to induce fast-acting protection, we immunized African green monkeys with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the Bangladesh strain glycoprotein (NiVBG) of NiV (rVSV-ΔGNiVBG). Monkeys were challenged 3 or 7 d later with a lethal dose of NiVB. All monkeys vaccinated with rVSV-ΔG-NiVBG 7 d prior to NiVB exposure were protected from lethal disease, while 67% of animals vaccinated 3 d before NiVB challenge survived. Vaccine protection correlated with natural killer cell and cytotoxic T cell transcriptional signatures, whereas lethality was linked to sustained interferon signaling. NiV G-specific antibodies in vaccinated survivors corroborated additional transcriptomic findings, supporting activation of humoral immunity. This study demonstrates that rVSV-based vaccines may have utility in rapidly protecting humans against NiV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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