2,234 results
Search Results
2. Alienation and Alcohol: The Role of Work, Mastery, and Community in Drinking Behavior (1983)
- Author
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Seeman, Melvin, Anderson, Carolyn S., Seeman, Paul, editor, and Seeman, Teresa, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. [Lady doctors who specialize in gynecology drink from paper cups].
- Author
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Ovaska L and Hakamies L
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obstetrics, Sex Factors, Coffee, Drinking Behavior, Medicine trends, Physicians psychology, Specialization
- Published
- 2000
4. Fast analysis of caffeine in beverages and drugs by paper spray tandem mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Taverna, Domenico, Di Donna, Leonardo, Bartella, Lucia, Napoli, Anna, Sindona, Giovanni, and Mazzotti, Fabio
- Subjects
- *
METHYLXANTHINES , *SPECTRUM analysis , *CAFFEINE , *XANTHINE , *DRINKING behavior - Abstract
A simple and fast method based on paper spray mass spectrometry for the determination of caffeine in commercial beverages and drugs has been developed; the analyses were carried out in MRM mode, monitoring the transitions m/z 195 → m/z 138 for caffeine and m/z 198 → m/z 140 for the labeled internal standard. To verify the reliability of the proposed approach, a spiked sample (soda drink and paracetamol tablet) with a known amount of caffeine has been prepared and analyzed by PS-MS, providing accuracy values about 100 %; the LOQ and LOD values were calculated at 1.2 and 1.6 μg/mL, respectively. Both beverages and drugs were also analyzed with the classic analytical method based on LC-UV measurements, showing consistent results between the two approaches, thus confirming the reliability of the developed ambient MS determination. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption and breast cancer survival.
- Author
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Farvid MS, Spence ND, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Eliassen AH, and Holmes MD
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- Adult, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Beverages statistics & numerical data, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Cancer Survivors statistics & numerical data, Cause of Death, Feeding Behavior physiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Survival Analysis, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Coffee, Drinking Behavior physiology, Tea
- Abstract
Background: We examined the role of post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption in relation to breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality among women with breast cancer in prospective cohort studies., Methods: We identified 8900 women with stage I-III breast cancer from 1980 through 2010 in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and from 1991 through 2011 in the NHSII. Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire every 4 years after diagnosis., Results: During up to 30 years of follow-up, we documented 1054 breast cancer-specific deaths and 2501 total deaths. Higher post-diagnostic coffee consumption was associated with a lower breast cancer-specific mortality: compared with non-drinkers, >3 cups/day of coffee was associated with a 25% lower risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.96; P
trend = 0.002). We also observed a lower all-cause mortality with coffee consumption: compared with non-drinkers, >2 to 3 cups/day was associated with a 24% lower risk (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66-0.87) and >3 cups/day was associated with a 26% lower risk (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.63-0.87, Ptrend < 0.0001). Post-diagnostic tea consumption was associated with a lower all-cause mortality: compared with non-drinkers, >3 cups/day was associated with a 26% lower risk (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58-0.95; Ptrend = 0.04)., Conclusions: Among breast cancer survivors, higher post-diagnostic coffee consumption was associated with better breast cancer and overall survival. Higher post-diagnostic tea consumption may be related to better overall survival.- Published
- 2021
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6. Commentary on: an evaluation of a speech and language therapy eating, drinking, and swallowing service for adults with intellectual disability (Crocker et al., 2024).
- Author
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Stewart, Kitty, Heckelmann, Nina, and Roos, Alida
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NURSES ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,CLINICAL competence ,FOOD habits ,DEGLUTITION ,INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,HEALTH care teams ,SPEECH therapy ,DRINKING behavior - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to expand upon some of the issues raised in "An evaluation of a speech and language therapy eating, drinking and swallowing service for adults with intellectual disability" (Crocker et al., 2024). Design/methodology/approach: This commentary outlines considerations for multidisciplinary team working and professional roles both within and beyond the community learning disability team. It discusses models of service delivery and competency frameworks relating to eating, drinking and swallowing services. Findings: Services should be integrated, include a broad multidisciplinary team and aim to increase competency in all contexts supporting people with eating, drinking and swallowing needs. Outcomes of service provision need to be measured outside of individualised care. Originality/value: This paper broadens the discussion of quality of eating, drinking and swallowing services beyond speech and language therapy and considers a whole systems approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Discussion paper on alcohol and the burden of disease: Reply to Rehm and Frick.
- Author
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Gulbinat, Walter
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ALCOHOL drinking , *DISEASE risk factors , *DRINKING behavior , *ALCOHOLIC beverages , *ALCOHOLISM , *HEALTH status indicators - Abstract
The article argues that the 2002 Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) did not treat alcohol like most of other risk factors of diseases. The author thinks that alcohol usage has both beneficial and adverse outcomes and thus is too general to be an activity to usually serve as risk factor, contrary to the claims of J. Rehm and U. Frick. It is argued here that it is justified to distinguish between risky and nonhazardous drinking and that combining detrimental and protective outcomes of drinking into a single statistical indicator can be misleading.
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- 2009
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8. [Lady doctors who specialize in gynecology drink from paper cups]
- Author
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L, Ovaska and L, Hakamies
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Adult ,Male ,Obstetrics ,Sex Factors ,Physicians ,Age Factors ,Drinking Behavior ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Coffee ,Specialization - Published
- 2002
9. Comment on the Paper by Quinn and Fromme Entitled Subjective Response to Alcohol Challenge: A Quantitative Review.
- Author
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Schuckit, Marc A.
- Subjects
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ALCOHOLISM risk factors , *ALCOHOL-induced disorders , *AGE factors in disease , *DOSE-response relationship in biochemistry , *DRINKING behavior , *ALCOHOL drinking , *ETHANOL , *MATHEMATICAL models , *THEORY , *GENETICS - Abstract
Background: This commentary discusses the recent paper by , placing their results into perspective. Results: Quinn and Fromme's meta-analysis is an important and useful synthesis of a complex literature. It is clear, well written, and well reasoned, with conclusions that are relevant to both the Low Level of Response Model and the Differentiator Model. Conclusions: Drs. Quinn and Fromme use a thorough and thoughtful approach, and I encourage researchers to address the important questions raised by their meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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10. Psychological and socio-educational correlates of energy drink consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review.
- Author
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Marinoni, Michela, Parpinel, Maria, Gasparini, Alessio, Ferraroni, Monica, and Edefonti, Valeria
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ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,BEVERAGES ,MEDICAL databases ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,REGRESSION analysis ,ENERGY drinks ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,QUALITY assurance ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DRINKING behavior ,MEDLINE - Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) are non-alcoholic beverages providing an extra boost in physical/cognitive performance and mood. Besides the physiological effects related to the high-caffeine content of EDs, long-term emotional, social, and behavioral effects have been recently receiving attention. However, a few systematic reviews have focused on the critical yet understudied periods of childhood and adolescence. We have undertaken a comprehensive systematic review of the evidence on any psychosocial correlates of ED consumption in 0–18-year-old subjects, as published up to April 1, 2021, in MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Reviews and Central Register of Controlled Trials. Of the initial 789 records, 104 original articles were included in the systematic review. Seventy percent of them were published from 2016 onwards; among investigated topics, substance use ranked first, followed by psychological and socio-educational factors; the less investigated topic was risky behaviors. Taste and energy-seeking were the main drivers of consumption, which generally happened at home or during sport/recreational activities, without perception of health-related risks. Positive associations with ED consumption were found for sensation seeking, irritability/anger, and suicide ideation, plan, or attempts. Finally, participants with lower grades, a low parental monitoring, or bad influences from peers were more likely to consume EDs. Conclusion: With ~ 70% of papers published since the 2 comprehensive reviews on children/adolescents were carried out, an update of the literature with a broad focus is of great importance. Consumption of EDs by children/adolescents lies in the potential interplay between personality traits, school performance, and influences by family members and peers. What is Known: • Taste and energy-seeking are the main drivers of energy drink consumption, which mostly happened at home or in sport/recreational activities. What is New: • Perception of risks related to energy drinks is associated with a lower consumption, as based on cross-sectional studies. • As mostly based on cross-sectional studies: 1. energy drink consumption is related to sensation seeking, irritability/anger, and suicide ideation or attempts; 2. students with a lower school performance, low parental monitoring, or bad peer influence, are more likely to consume energy drinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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11. Feature Selection Model Based on IWOA for Behavior Identification of Chicken.
- Author
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Li, Lihua, Di, Mengzui, Xue, Hao, Zhou, Zixuan, and Wang, Ziqi
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BOOSTING algorithms ,FEATURE selection ,DRINKING behavior ,CHICKENS ,CLASSIFICATION algorithms ,NOISE control - Abstract
In order to reduce the influence of redundant features on the performance of the model in the process of accelerometer behavior recognition, and to improve the recognition accuracy of the model, this paper proposes an improved Whale Optimization algorithm with mixed strategy (IWOA) combined with the extreme gradient boosting algorithm (XGBoost) as a preferred method for chicken behavior identification features. A nine-axis inertial sensor was used to obtain the chicken behavior data. After noise reduction, the sliding window was used to extract 44 dimensional features in the time domain and frequency domain. To improve the search ability of the Whale Optimization algorithm for optimal solutions, the introduction of the good point set improves population diversity and expands the search range; the introduction of adaptive weight balances the search ability of the optimal solution in the early and late stages; the introduction of dimension-by-dimension lens imaging learning based on the adaptive weight factor perturbs the optimal solution and enhances the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution. This method's effectiveness was verified by recognizing cage breeders' feeding and drinking behaviors. The results show that the number of feature dimensions is reduced by 72.73%. At the same time, the behavior recognition accuracy is increased by 2.41% compared with the original behavior feature dataset, which is 95.58%. Compared with other dimensionality reduction methods, the IWOA–XGBoost model proposed in this paper has the highest recognition accuracy. The dimension reduction results have a certain degree of universality for different classification algorithms. This provides a method for behavior recognition based on acceleration sensor data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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12. Long-term exposure to polypharmacy impairs cognitive functions in young adult female mice
- Author
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Francesca, Eroli, Kristina, Johnell, María, Latorre-Leal, Sarah, Hilmer, Jonas, Wastesson, Angel, Cedazo-Minguez, and Maioli, Silvia
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Aging ,Time Factors ,Behavior, Animal ,Body Weight ,Drinking Behavior ,adverse outcomes ,Blood Proteins ,Feeding Behavior ,Anxiety ,Motor Activity ,Hippocampus ,Diet ,memory ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Cognition ,Polypharmacy ,Animals ,Female ,female mice ,sex-differences ,Research Paper ,Spatial Memory - Abstract
The potential harmful effects of polypharmacy (concurrent use of 5 or more drugs) are difficult to investigate in an experimental design in humans. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge on sex-specific differences on the outcomes of multiple-drug use. The present study aims to investigate the effects of an eight-week exposure to a regimen of five different medications (metoprolol, paracetamol, aspirin, simvastatin and citalopram) in young adult female mice. Polypharmacy-treated animals showed significant impairment in object recognition and fear associated contextual memory, together with a significant reduction of certain hippocampal proteins involved in pathways necessary for the consolidation of these types of memories, compared to animals with standard diet. The impairments in explorative behavior and spatial memory that we reported previously in young adult male mice administered the same polypharmacy regimen were not observed in females in the current study. Therefore, the same combination of medications induced different negative outcomes in young adult male and female mice, causing a significant deficit in non-spatial memory in female animals. Overall, this study strongly supports the importance of considering sex-specific differences in designing safer and targeted multiple-drug therapies.
- Published
- 2021
13. Exploring the connection between dementia and eating, drinking and swallowing difficulty: Findings from home‐based semi‐structured interviews.
- Author
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O'Neill, Michelle, Duffy, Orla, Henderson, Mo, Davis, Ashleigh, and Kernohan, W George
- Subjects
HOME environment ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,PILOT projects ,SOCIAL support ,RESEARCH methodology ,DEGLUTITION disorders ,INTERVIEWING ,DEMENTIA patients ,RISK assessment ,SELF-efficacy ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,EXPERIENCE ,DEMENTIA ,HEALTH behavior ,ACCESS to information ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DRINKING behavior ,INFORMATION needs ,THEMATIC analysis ,EATING disorders ,BEHAVIOR modification ,DISEASE risk factors ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Eating, drinking and swallowing (EDS) difficulties are important to identify early. Awareness of EDS changes starts with those living with dementia or their family carers. However, little is known about early identification from the perspective of people with dementia. Aim: The aim of this study was to understand the experience of EDS by people living with dementia in their own home. Methods: Published evidence pertaining to EDS difficulties in dementia was used to inform an online semi‐structured interview guide. Four people living with dementia and a third‐sector Empowerment Lead were invited to become co‐researchers. People living with dementia and their carers were invited to be interviewed. We enquired about their past and present experiences, and future expected changes in EDS, information needs, opinions on early problem identification, and lifestyle modifications following onset of EDS difficulty. Narrative concepts of heroes and villains in their 'stories' were identified. Responses were subjected to framework analysis informed by narrative enquiry. Results: Seven people living with dementia and five family carers were interviewed. The overarching theme was a 'missed connection' between EDS difficulty and dementia. Where EDS difficulties were identified, 'compensatory changes' and a need for 'access to information' were noted. Conclusions: The connection between potential EDS difficulties and a dementia diagnosis may not be made, even though EDS changes were recognised by people living with dementia and their family carers. This may be explained by behaviours that mask problems or allow individuals to cope or compensate. Reduced awareness may also be due to inadequate access to information and lack of specialist services. If the connection between dementia and EDS difficulty is missed it could further delay access to support services. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: The prevalence of dementia is increasing and is expected to affect 9% of the population by 2040. EDS difficulties are common in people living with dementia and predispose to poorer outcomes. Better awareness of EDS changes early in the disease process of dementia or at preclinical stages can identify individuals at risk and allow for intervention prior to advanced EDS difficulties developing. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: This paper reports the perspective of people living with dementia and family carers and provides insights into experiences of EDS and the challenges faced and identifies commonalities. The connection between potential EDS difficulties and dementia is missed despite various changes reported by both people living with dementia and their family carers, who tend to make compensatory lifestyle changes without support. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: Lack of awareness of the connection between potential EDS difficulties and dementia may arise due to inadequate access to information to support people living with dementia and their family carers. Access to such information is needed and the quality assurance of information from reputable sources is important to people living with dementia. There is a need for greater service user awareness of signs of EDS difficulty and how to access specialist services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. DETECTION OF EATING BEHAVIOUR IN PIGS BASED ON MODIFIED YOLOX.
- Author
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Yanwen LI, Juxia LI, Lei DUAN, Tengxiao NA, Pengpeng ZHANG, and Qingyu ZHI
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FOOD habits ,DRINKING behavior ,SWINE ,SWINE farms ,DEEP learning - Abstract
Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
15. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in Blood as a Marker of Unhealthy Alcohol Use: A Systematic Review with Novel Molecular Insights.
- Author
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Perilli, Matteo, Toselli, Federico, Franceschetto, Lisa, Cinquetti, Alessandro, Ceretta, Arianna, Cecchetto, Giovanni, and Viel, Guido
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ALCOHOL drinking ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,ALCOHOLISM ,ALCOHOL ,DRINKING behavior ,HEALTH behavior - Abstract
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its short form, the AUDIT-C, the main clinical instruments used to identify unhealthy drinking behaviors, are influenced by memory bias and under-reporting. In recent years, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood has emerged as a marker of unhealthy alcohol use. This systematic review aims to investigate the molecular characteristics of PEth and summarize the last ten years of published literature and its use compared to structured questionnaires. A systematic search was performed, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, through "MeSH" and "free-text" protocols in the databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were as follows: PEth was used for detecting unhealthy alcohol consumption in the general population and quantified in blood through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, with full texts in the English language. Quality assessment was performed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Twelve papers were included (0.79% of total retrieved records), comprising nine cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies. All studies stratified alcohol exposure and quantified PEth 16:0/18:1 through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in liquid blood or dried blood spots (DBS) with lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) ranging from 1.7 ng/mL to 20 ng/mL. A correlation between blood PEth level and the amount of alcohol ingested in the previous two weeks was generally observed. PEth interpretative cut-offs varied greatly among the included records, ranging from 4.2 ng/mL to 250 ng/mL, with sensitivity and specificity in the ranges of 58–100% and 64–100%, respectively. Although the biomarker seems promising, further research elucidating the variability in PEth formation and degradation, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind that variability, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Habitual tea drinking modulates brain efficiency: evidence from brain connectivity evaluation
- Author
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Rafael Romero-Garcia, Lei Feng, Junhua Li, John Suckling, Suckling, John [0000-0002-5098-1527], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,brain efficiency ,Nerve net ,Drinking Behavior ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Biology ,default mode network ,Neuroimaging ,Hemispheric asymmetry ,medicine ,Humans ,Default mode network ,Aged ,Structural organization ,Tea ,Functional connectivity ,fMRI ,Neuropsychology ,Brain ,food and beverages ,Cell Biology ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,DTI ,tea drinking ,hemispheric asymmetry ,Female ,Nerve Net ,Neuroscience ,Research Paper ,Drinking frequency - Abstract
The majority of tea studies have relied on neuropsychological measures, and much fewer on neuroimaging measures, especially for interregional connections. To date, there has been no exploration of the effect of tea on system-level brain networks. We recruited healthy older participants to two groups according to their history of tea drinking frequency and investigated both functional and structural networks to reveal the role of tea drinking on brain organization. The results showed that tea drinking gave rise to the more efficient structural organization, but had no significant beneficial effect on the global functional organization. The suppression of hemispheric asymmetry in the structural connectivity network was observed as a result of tea drinking. We did not observe any significant effects of tea drinking on the hemispheric asymmetry of the functional connectivity network. In addition, functional connectivity strength within the default mode network (DMN) was greater for the tea-drinking group, and coexistence of increasing and decreasing connective strengths was observed in the structural connectivity of the DMN. Our study offers the first evidence of the positive contribution of tea drinking to brain structure and suggests a protective effect on age-related decline in brain organisation.
- Published
- 2019
17. Daily intake of soft drinks is associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in Chinese adolescents
- Author
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Minxue Shen, Yuzhou Huang, Liping Chen, Xiaoyan Huang, Xiang Chen, Dan Luo, Xingyu Zhang, Yi Xiao, and Danrong Jing
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,China ,Mediation (statistics) ,Generalized anxiety disorder ,Adolescent ,Daily intake ,Drinking Behavior ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Carbonated Beverages ,Anxiety ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Students ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Depression ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Patient Health Questionnaire ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Soft drink ,business ,Research Paper ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective:The association of soft drink consumption with mental problems in Asian adolescents has not been reported. The present study aimed to investigate the association of soft drink consumption and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents in China.Design:A cross-sectional study to investigate the association of intake of soft drinks and sugars from soft drinks with symptoms of anxiety and depression measured by the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively.Setting:A comprehensive university in Changsha, China.Participants:Newly enrolled college students in 2017.Result:In total, 8226 students completed the investigation and 8085 students with no systemic disorders were finally analysed. Students consuming soft drinks ≥7 times/week had significantly higher (mean difference; 95 % CI) GAD-2 (0·15; 0·07, 0·23) and PHQ-2 (0·27; 0·19, 0·35) scores compared with those barely consuming soft drinks, adjusted for demographic and behavioural factors. Those consuming >25 g sugar/d from soft drinks had significantly higher GAD-2 (0·11; 0·04, 0·18) and PHQ-2 (0·22; 0·15, 0·29) scores compared with non-consumers. The mediation effect of obesity in the associations was not clinically significant.Conclusions:Adolescents consuming soft drinks ≥7 times/week, or >25 g sugar/d from soft drinks, had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression. Dietary suggestion is needed to prevent anxiety and depression in adolescents.
- Published
- 2019
18. The Cigarette Smoking, Coffee and Supplements Intake at Students of Sarajevo University
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Amila Jaganjac, Suada Branković, Nafija Serdarevic, Samir Bojičić, Bakir Katana, and Jasmina Mahmutović
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Male ,Longitudinal study ,Folic acid ,Universities ,coffee ,Drinking Behavior ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Cigarette Smoking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,B-vitamins ,Cigarette smoking ,Environmental health ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Bosnia and Herzegovina ,Original Paper ,students ,business.industry ,Dietary intake ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Vitamins ,Mineral intake ,Trace Elements ,B vitamins ,Dietary Supplements ,Vitamin B Complex ,Smoking status ,Female ,Multivitamin ,business ,cigarettes - Abstract
Introduction: The dietary supplements are defined as vitamins and minerals or herbal products and are typically given in the form of a capsule or tablet. The nonsmokers are more attempted to use dietary supplements than individuals who smoke. Aim: In our investigation, we examined associations between vitamin B, folic acid, multivitamin or mineral intake among the student population and their correlation with smoking prevalence and drinking coffee. Materials and methods: We used a questionnaire to examine the general characteristics of the subjects, age, sex, their lifestyle, cigarette smoking, coffee intake and their use of dietary supplements. Data were collected from participants of the University of Sarajevo and a longitudinal study of 960 men and women aged 18-24 years from 2017 to 2018 was conducted. Results: The results showed that 32% of students took vitamin B supplements and 10% folic acid. In opposite, more than half of students took multivitamins (59.5%) and minerals (60.4%) less than one year. About a quarter or less took multivitamins (23.9%) and minerals (24.3%) for years. Less than 20% of students took multivitamins and minerals within a period of one year. In student population smoking prevalence was estimated at 21.2% and coffee intake in 71.2%. The smoking and use of vitamin B supplements were independent of each other, p = 0.201. The use of folic acid did not depend on smoking p = 0.501. There were no observed correlations between multivitamin and mineral supplement consumption compared to smoking status or drinking coffee. Conclusion: Deficient dietary intake of folic acid and B vitamins from food and supplemental sources appear to be one of the atherosclerosis incidences. Further studies should examine associations between dietary supplements intake and lifestyle of students, as well as smoking status and coffee intake.
- Published
- 2019
19. Engineering Students and Alcohol: Analyzing Consumption Patterns, Influencing Factors, and Implications (JEET).
- Author
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Binani, Shradha, Singh, Thakur Aryan, Patel, Mihir, Reddy, Nayini Varshitha, and Reddy, Dasireddy Bharath
- Subjects
ALCOHOL drinking ,ENGINEERING students ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,DRINKING behavior ,EXPLORATORY factor analysis - Abstract
Understanding the complex landscape of alcohol consumption patterns among engineering students is crucial for shaping informed interventions and support systems. While prior research has primarily focused on aspects such as the prevalence of alcohol use and its consequences, there exists a significant gap in comprehensively exploring the underlying factors and implications. This research paper aims to bridge this void by exclusively addressing the intricate web of alcohol consumption within the engineering student demographic. The study delves into a multifaceted analysis that encompasses five paramount parameters: social influence, self-regulation, craving, coping strategies, and the environmental context. To achieve this, a meticulously designed survey instrument was deployed to engineering students at an autonomous college during the specified time frame. The collected data underwent rigorous exploratory factor analysis, resulting in the identification of five hypothesized factors that intricately define the landscape of alcohol consumption among engineering students. The reliability of this research instrument was validated through Cronbach's α values, which exhibited a range from 0.60 to 0.79 and had a minimum and maximum factor loading of 0.49 and 0.62 attesting to the robustness of the instrument. This valuable tool is poised to aid educational institutions in assessing their engineering students' current levels of awareness concerning alcohol consumption patterns and their underlying factors. Furthermore, it offers a foundation for evidence-based strategies aimed at fostering responsible drinking behaviors and tailored support systems, ultimately enhancing the well-being and academic success of engineering students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Research Data from University of Kassel Update Understanding of Psychology (Effectiveness and context dependency of social norm interventions: five field experiments on nudging pro-environmental and pro-social behavior).
- Subjects
PROSOCIAL behavior ,NUDGE theory ,FIELD research ,SOCIAL norms ,PSYCHOLOGY ,DRINKING behavior - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Kassel in Germany explored the effectiveness of social norm interventions in changing people's behavior. The study involved five field experiments with a total of 1,163 participants and focused on pro-environmental and pro-social behaviors. The researchers found that a social norm nudge using the social media format "Be like Bill" was effective in reducing paper towel consumption in women's restrooms and increasing mask-wearing in a bakery during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the nudge had no effect on the use of plastic lids in a coffee shop. The study highlights the potential of social norm interventions but also discusses limitations and contextual factors that may affect their applicability. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
21. Addiction recovery stories: Neil Curran in conversation with Lisa Ogilvie.
- Author
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Curran, Neil and Ogilvie, Lisa
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INDIVIDUAL development ,SOCIAL support ,CONVALESCENCE ,MATHEMATICAL models ,PEOPLE with alcoholism ,PSYCHOLOGY ,EXPERIENCE ,LIFE ,DRINKING behavior ,BEHAVIOR modification - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to explore the transition from addiction to recovery. It is the second in a series of recovery stories that examine candid accounts of addiction and recovery. Shared components of recovery are considered, along with the change and growth needed to support the transition. Design/methodology/approach: The CHIME framework comprises five elements important to recovery (Connectedness, Hope, Identity, Meaning and Empowerment). It provides a standard to qualitatively study mental health recovery, having also been applied to addiction recovery. In this paper, an element for Growth is included in the model (G-CHIME), to consider both recovery, and sustained recovery. A first-hand account of addiction recovery is presented, followed by a semi-structured e-interview with the author of the account. This is structured on the G-CHIME model. Findings: This paper shows that addiction recovery is a remarkable process that can be effectually explained using the G-CHIME model. The significance of each element in the model is apparent from the biography and e-interview presented. Originality/value: Each account of recovery in this series is unique, and as yet, untold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The commercial use of digital media to market alcohol products: a narrative review.
- Author
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Lobstein, Tim, Landon, Jane, Thornton, Nicole, and Jernigan, David
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ALCOHOLIC beverages ,DIGITAL media & society ,SOCIAL networks ,DRINKING behavior ,DOWNLOADING ,MOBILE apps -- Social aspects ,ALCOHOL drinking & society ,MARKETING & society ,PREVENTION ,MARKETING ,ALCOHOL drinking ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDLINE ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,ONLINE information services ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SOCIAL media ,MOBILE apps - Abstract
Background and aims The rising use of digital media in the last decade, including social networking media and downloadable applications, has created new opportunities for marketing a wide range of goods and services, including alcohol products. This paper aims to review the evidence in order to answer a series of policy-relevant questions: does alcohol marketing through digital media influence drinking behaviour or increases consumption; what methods of promotional marketing are used, and to what extent; and what is the evidence of marketing code violations and especially of marketing to children? Method and findings A search of scientific, medical and social journals and authoritative grey literature identified 47 relevant papers (including 14 grey literature documents). The evidence indicated (i) that exposure to marketing through digital media was associated with higher levels of drinking behaviour; (ii) that the marketing activities make use of materials and approaches that are attractive to young people and encourage interactive engagement with branded messaging; and (iii) there is evidence that current alcohol marketing codes are being undermined by alcohol producers using digital media. Conclusions There is evidence to support public health interventions to restrict the commercial promotion of alcohol in digital media, especially measures to protect children and youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Drunken snakes and sober owls: ancient authors on the relationship between animals and wine.
- Author
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Kostuch, Lucyna
- Subjects
ANIMAL behavior ,FERMENTED foods ,BIRDS ,SNAKES ,GRAPES ,ALCOHOLIC intoxication ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,HUMAN-animal relationships ,WINES ,HUNTING ,DRINKING behavior ,AGGRESSION (Psychology) ,INSECTS ,DROWSINESS - Abstract
Aims: In the article, ancient concepts linking animals and wine are discussed. This paper provides a description of animals that in antiquity were considered to be especially fond of grapes and wine, as well as animals that were, for various reasons, given wine to drink by humans, and animals that in ancient literature had an averse association with wine. In the paper, the author attempts to answer the following questions, what was the conceptual framework for the tales about drunk animals? In what circumstances were observations of animals becoming inebriated conducted? Which animal species were considered as most susceptible to the effects of wine? Last, was wine believed to affect animals and humans in a similar way? Methods: Ancient literature provides a set of extant information about animals that willingly become inebriated with grapes or are given wine by humans, which deserves a separate analysis. The ancient authors commonly interspersed narration with information about the animals and invoked personal experiences of contact with the described animal and information obtained from those who had the opportunity to conduct 'zoological' observations or even medical experiments. Results: There is a large group of animals that appear in ancient accounts consuming alcohol in the form of fermented fruit and wine. The ancients held the mostly incorrect belief that snakes had an enormous predilection for wine; moreover, contemporary research confirms that, as the ancients rightly observed, insects and birds do display a fondness for fermented fruit and wine. It was correctly observed that an excess of wine induced extreme states, such as sleepiness and aggression in animals, in a manner similar to humans. Conclusions: Accounts in ancient literature show a close association between animals and wine existed among the Greeks and Romans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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24. Commonplace and out-of-place diversities in London and Tokyo: migrant-run eateries as intercultural third places.
- Author
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Wessendorf, Susanne and Farrer, James
- Subjects
DIVERSITY in the workplace ,PUBLIC spaces ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,DRINKING behavior ,CULTURAL relations ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,SOCIAL interaction - Abstract
In global cities such as London and Tokyo, there are neighbourhoods where ethnic, religious, cultural and other forms of diversity associated with migration are commonplace and others where migrants are regarded as unusual or even out-of-place. In both types of contexts, migrant-run eateries are spaces in which people of various backgrounds interact. In some contexts, eateries may serve as 'third places' in which regular forms of intercultural conviviality occur, yet in others, interactions are civil but fleeting. This comparative paper is based on findings from two ethnographic neighbourhood studies in West Tokyo and East London. The Tokyo neighbourhood of Nishi-Ogikubo is one of emerging diversity, in which migrant entrepreneurship is rather new and uncommon, whereas East London has seen immigration for decades and migrant-run businesses are so common as to be taken-for-granted. In Tokyo the Japanese norms of 'drinking communication' in small eating and drinking spots inevitably involve migrant proprietors and their customers more deeply in social interactions. In East London, in contrast, intercultural interactions are much more commonplace in public and semi-public spaces, but in the case of migrant-run eateries, they are characterized by somewhat superficial encounters. This paper contributes to scholarship on the role of third places for intercultural relations, highlighting the importance of established cultural norms of interaction in specific third places. By comparing two vastly different contexts regarding the extent of immigration-related diversity, it demonstrates how encounters between residents of different backgrounds are deeply embedded in cultural norms of interaction in these places, and how migrant entrepreneurs in each context adapt to these established norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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25. Expected and actual responses to minimum unit pricing (MUP) for alcohol of people drinking at harmful levels in Scotland.
- Author
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Livingston, Wulf, Holmes, John, Hughes, Jane, Buykx, Penny, Perkins, Andrew, Wright, Alex, Gardiner, Kevin, Yannoulis, Yanni, Johnston, Allan, and Maclean, Alex
- Subjects
- *
CROSS-sectional method , *ALCOHOLIC beverages , *GOVERNMENT policy , *RESEARCH funding , *CONSUMER attitudes , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *THEMATIC analysis , *ALCOHOLISM , *DATA analysis software , *PUBLIC health , *DRINKING behavior - Abstract
This paper considers the extent to which people drinking at harmful levels responded to minimum unit pricing (MUP) in Scotland in the way they, family members and those providing services anticipated they would. It examines data taken from a larger evaluation of the impact of MUP on people who are drinking at harmful levels. Qualitative interview data, (utilizing interviews and focus groups, with individuals, treatment services, and family members) was generated prior to the implementation of MUP in Scotland to provide insights into anticipated responses and comparable data generated across an extended 19-month period post-implementation and provided insights into actual responses. Overall, the data showed consistency between anticipated and actual responses, with fewer differences observed. In line with anticipated responses, many drinkers switched from cheap, strong ciders to other alcohol products, notably vodka. They consistently responded to the decrease in alcohol affordability by utilizing existing behavior such as managing finances and prioritizing spends on alcohol, including borrowing money, foregoing essentials, and using savings. There was less evidence of anticipated harmful consequences of MUP occurring, such as increased crime, switching to other drugs, or examples of acute withdrawal. Drinkers and those living and working with them, have a good command of how alcohol affordability is maintained or impacts on expenditure and other choices, and how they respond to any decrease in affordability including the introduction of minimum price policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
26. Fluid consumption, exercise, and cognitive performance
- Author
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Todd Backes and Kimberly Fitzgerald
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Hot Temperature ,Physiology ,Drinking Behavior ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Specific adsorption ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Treadmill running ,Cognition ,Physiology (medical) ,Exercise performance ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Potential source ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Treadmill ,lcsh:Sports medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Original Paper ,Dehydration ,business.industry ,030229 sport sciences ,Surgery ,Cognitive test ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Physical therapy ,business ,lcsh:RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Laboratory evidence supports the notion that dehydration degrades exercise performance and impairs certain cognitive processes. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a voluntary versus a dictated drinking condition on exercise and cognitive performance. The study used a double-blind and paired design. Twenty male and female college students (10 women, 10 men) participated in an exercise protocol consisting of 1 hr of treadmill running followed by a high intensity portion continuing until voluntary exhaustion. The dictated drinking condition consisted of 900 ml of water equally distributed in 4 pre-prepared opaque bottles. At 15 min intervals the subject was instructed to drink the entire contents until the end of the 1 hr treadmill protocol. The voluntary drinking condition consisted of 225 ml of water within arm's reach of the subjects while on the treadmill. Exercise performance was significantly better (longer duration and faster speed) in the voluntary condition compared with the dictated condition. Cognitive test outcomes were not significantly different between drinking conditions. A difference in fluid absorption is a potential source of exercise impairment seen in the dictated fluid condition. The higher fluid consumption rate presumably would cause greater gastric and esophageal distention resulting in the diversion of blood flow from working muscles to the gastrointestinal system. In situations where dehydration is likely, drinking to recommended guidelines may protect individuals from dehydration and its negative effects. However, when dehydration is not likely, allowing an individual to follow voluntary drinking behavior is preferable for exercise performance.
- Published
- 2016
27. The nomological network of drinker identity: A scoping review.
- Author
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Ingram PF and Finn PR
- Subjects
- Humans, Concept Formation, Drinking Behavior, Research Design
- Abstract
Background: Despite the growing interest in the construct of drinker identity and empirical evidence for its role in drinking behavior, there is a paucity of papers that evaluate and integrate the results of studies on drinker identity, leaving a gap in our knowledge of the importance of the drinker identity construct. The current paper addresses this gap by reviewing and integrating the results of the studies of drinker identity., Methods: The scoping review identified, retrieved, and evaluated the existing literature regarding drinker identity. English language studies from EBSCOHost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were reviewed. Studies were included in the review if they were data-based studies or theoretical publications with drinker identity as the primary topic published in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were reviewed and coded based on their reported methodology and findings and codes were used to integrate and present findings., Results: This review advances this line of research in four ways. First, the operationalization of drinker identity is evaluated by examining the theoretical frameworks defining the construct. Second, the conceptualization and measurement of drinker identity is assessed, with suggestions for future measurement research. Third, an integrated framework of predictors, outcomes, moderators, and mediators is presented. Finally, the research gaps, future recommendations, and clinical implications are discussed., Conclusions: There is a need for continued research, specifically research which aims to standardize and improve measurement of drinker identity, considers longitudinal and developmental processes, and broadens the research samples and settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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28. A Social Media-Based Acute Alcohol Consumption Behavior (NekNomination): Case Series in Italian Emergency Departments
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Paolo Feltracco, Rossella Snenghi, Vincenzo Pietrantonio, Gianna Vettore, Maria Vittoria Nesoti, Alberto Tredese, Mauro Bergamini, Deris Gianni Boemo, Daniele Donato, Rosa Maria Gaudio, Vittorio Lucchetta, Stefania Barbieri, and Francesco Maria Avato
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.media_genre ,030508 substance abuse ,Alcohol abuse ,Binge drinking ,Socio-culturale ,neknomination ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alcohol intoxication ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Psychiatry ,media_common ,Original Paper ,alcoholic intoxication ,Drinking game ,business.industry ,Public health ,Medical record ,drinking behavior ,underage drinking ,Emergency department ,medicine.disease ,alcohol drinking ,binge drinking ,alcoholic games ,adolescent ,social network ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Background: NekNomination, also known as NekNominate, Neck and Nominate, or Neck Nomination, is a social network–based drinking game which is thought to have originated in Australia and spread all over the world between 2013 and 2014. Individuals record videos of themselves while rapidly drinking excessive quantities of alcoholic drinks (necking) and then nominate friends to outdo them within 24 hours; the videos are then posted on social media such as Facebook or YouTube. The consequences of this drinking game have been very dangerous; at least 5 people under age 30 years have died after drinking deadly cocktails, and many others have suffered from alcohol intoxication. Objective: The goal of the research is to evaluate data about clinically important acute alcohol intoxication among teenagers and young adults and inform and educate the general public, especially parents, teachers, and health workers, about the spreading craze of dangerous Internet-related behavior among today’s teenagers and young people up to the age of 23 years. Methods: Patients aged 15 to 23 years with acute alcohol intoxication who came to the emergency department (ED) of 2 major hospitals in Italy from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2014, were included in this study. Data were retrieved from prehospital and intrahospital medical records and included personal information, methods of intoxication, triage color code, date and time of access to the ED, any relevant signs and symptoms, blood alcohol concentration, and diagnosis at discharge. Results: A total of 450 young patients (male 277/450, 61.5%, female 173/450, 38.5%; age 15 to 16 years 15/450, 3.3%, age 17 to 18 years 184/450, 40.9%, age 19 to 23 years 251/450, 55.8%) were recruited. The causes of intoxication were happy hour, binge drinking, NekNominate, eyeballing, other alcoholic games, or a mix of them. Happy hour was found to be more common among the older patients, whereas NekNominate accounted for almost half of the youngest group of hospitalizations. Eyeballing occurred in 1.6% (7/450) of cases; binge drinking and other alcoholic games caused 23.3% (105/450) and 23.8% (107/450) of hospitalizations, respectively. On admission, 44.2% (199/450) of patients were assigned a red or yellow color code requiring immediate medical attention; about 14% of them required additional medical assistance (after being in the ED) or hospitalization, some in semi-intensive care units. Conclusions: Our study shows that the increased numbers of hospitalizations due to alcohol intoxication in the adolescent age group, as a consequence of NekNominate or other drinking games, is alarming and represents a serious public health issue. The potential markers of improper use of social networks must be clearly identified, including categories at risk of alcohol abuse, in order to develop intervention and prevention strategies in terms of education and awareness, which may help in averting potentially fatal episodes. [Interact J Med Res 2018;7(1):e2]
- Published
- 2018
29. Abstainers and Drinkers – Two Sides of the Same Coin?
- Author
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Raninen, Jonas, Livingston, Michael, Raitasalo, Kirsimarja, Larm, Peter, and de Looze, Margaretha
- Subjects
TEMPERANCE ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DRINKING behavior ,ADULTS ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
This commentary discusses a recently published literature review focussing on the growing trend of young people abstaining from drinking alcohol. Despite the recent increase in research on the decline in youth drinking, the review only identified 10 papers that explicitly examined abstainers. The inclusion criteria used thus excluded and overlooked the vast literature available on the decline in youth drinking. This commentary discusses the implications of this and raises the issue of how the adolescent abstainer should be viewed in research; is it a distinct social phenomenon with unique determinants or are abstainers merely the flip side of drinkers? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
30. Comparing strengths and weaknesses of contemporary quantitative methods to collect data on alcohol consumption: an 'at-a-glance' overview.
- Author
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Kuntsche, Emmanuel, Riordan, Benjamin, Van Egmond, Kelly, Labhart, Florian, Callinan, Sarah, and Gmel, Gerhard
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design ,TIME ,ACQUISITION of data ,QUANTITATIVE research ,COST control ,COGNITION ,ECOLOGICAL research ,HUMAN services programs ,ALCOHOL drinking ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DRINKING behavior ,BREATH tests - Abstract
This paper aims to provide an overview of the contemporary quantitative methods to assess alcohol consumption. We identified and rated six data collection methods according to four typical aims (i.e. to assess: per capita consumption, drinking patterns, event-specific consumption, and consumption over time) and five desirable features (low cognitive bias, contextual information, low participant and researcher burden, low costs). The results are presented in an overview table, which reveals that questionnaire-based methods are easy and cost-efficient but often distorted by cognitive biases. These biases can be avoided by analyzing sales/production statistics and wastewater samples, but these methods are unable to provide information on individual drinking patterns. Breathalyzers or transdermal monitors enable relatively precise measurement of individual consumption without any cognitive bias. However, the required devices are expensive and difficult to apply correctly, which makes data collection time, labor, and cost-intensive, particularly as sample sizes increase. Ecological momentary assessment (e.g. series of questionnaires within short timeframes completed in the participants' natural environments) reduces, but does not eliminate, cognitive biases and maximizes ecological validity. Unfortunately, this method also increases the response burden, potentially resulting in assessment reactivity and drop-out. Highlighting the combination of strengths and weaknesses of each method, this overview may serve as useful guidance for study planning and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Fit-for-work: mental health and alcohol indicators in male-dominated industries.
- Author
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Cameron, Jacqui, Bothwell, Steven W., Pidd, Ken, and Lee, Nicole
- Subjects
EMPLOYEE psychology ,RISK-taking behavior ,PSYCHOLOGY of men ,ALCOHOLISM ,ALCOHOL-induced disorders ,DUAL diagnosis ,MENTAL health ,BINGE drinking ,SEX distribution ,DISEASE prevalence ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DRINKING behavior ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress - Abstract
Purpose: Risky alcohol use can reduce productivity at work and impact employees' mental health and wellbeing. Several risk factors converge in male-dominated industries, which can increase risky drinking and deteriorate mental health. This paper aims to explore the prevalence of risky drinking and psychological distress in a male-dominated industry compared with that in the general population. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from four manufacturing sites in Australia. In total, 450 workers were invited to participate in a survey that measured drinking behaviours using AUDIT-C and psychological distress using the K10, along with demographics including age, gender, job role and ethnicity. The observed outcome measures were compared with general population data available through publicly available data sets. Findings: Surveys were returned by 341 employees, of which 319 completed AUDIT-C. AUDIT-C and K10 scores were significantly correlated (R = 0.31, p < 0.0001). Hazardous drinking was more prevalent among workers than in Australian general population (66.1% vs 23.6%). Binge drinking was greater among workers than in the general population (25.4% vs 26.5%). The difference was higher among female workers than among male workers (35.1% vs 10.8%). Originality/value: The findings of this study show a significantly greater risk of alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries compared with that in the general population. This risk is more pronounced among women, who also experienced greater rates of moderate and high psychological distress compared with those experienced by the general population. A fitness-for-work approach is proposed to minimise alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries. Moreover, male-dominated industries are proposed to consider the interconnectivity of other workplace health and safety factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system, specifically in the subfornical organ is sufficient to induce fluid intake
- Author
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Deborah R. Davis, Justin L. Grobe, Jeffrey P. Coble, Martin D. Cassell, and Curt D. Sigmund
- Subjects
Male ,MAPK/ERK pathway ,Genetically modified mouse ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,Sodium ,Angiotensinogen ,Drinking ,Drinking Behavior ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Blood Pressure ,Mice, Transgenic ,Sodium Chloride ,Renin-Angiotensin System ,Mice ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Renin ,Renin–angiotensin system ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Phosphorylation ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Receptor ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Protein Kinase C ,Protein kinase C ,Behavior, Animal ,Integrases ,Chemistry ,Synapsin ,Synapsins ,CREB-Binding Protein ,Subfornical organ ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Luminescent Proteins ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Call for Papers ,Female ,Energy Metabolism ,Signal Transduction ,Subfornical Organ - Abstract
Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system within the brain elevates fluid intake, blood pressure, and resting metabolic rate. Renin and angiotensinogen are coexpressed within the same cells of the subfornical organ, and the production and action of ANG II through the ANG II type 1 receptor in the subfornical organ (SFO) are necessary for fluid intake due to increased activity of the brain renin-angiotensin system. We generated an inducible model of ANG II production by breeding transgenic mice expressing human renin in neurons controlled by the synapsin promoter with transgenic mice containing a Cre-recombinase-inducible human angiotensinogen construct. Adenoviral delivery of Cre-recombinase causes SFO-selective induction of human angiotensinogen expression. Selective production of ANG II in the SFO results in increased water intake but did not change blood pressure or resting metabolic rate. The increase in water intake was ANG II type 1 receptor-dependent. When given a choice between water and 0.15 M NaCl, these mice increased total fluid and sodium, but not water, because of an increased preference for NaCl. When provided a choice between water and 0.3 M NaCl, the mice exhibited increased fluid, water, and sodium intake, but no change in preference for NaCl. The increase in fluid intake was blocked by an inhibitor of PKC, but not ERK, and was correlated with increased phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the subfornical organ. Thus, increased production and action of ANG II specifically in the subfornical organ are sufficient on their own to mediate an increase in drinking through PKC.
- Published
- 2014
33. Frequency and intensity of alcohol consumption: new evidence from Sweden
- Author
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Ulf-G Gerdtham, Johan Jarl, and Gawain Heckley
- Subjects
Male ,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ,030508 substance abuse ,Poison control ,Binge drinking ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,I10 ,alcohol ,Health Policy ,Alcoholic Beverages ,I12 ,I14 ,food and beverages ,Advertising ,demand ,Middle Aged ,Taxes ,jel:I10 ,jel:I14 ,jel:I12 ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Alcohol ,Alcohol consumption ,Adult ,Alcohol Drinking ,Drinking Behavior ,drinking pattern ,binge drinking ,Drinking pattern ,03 medical and health sciences ,mental disorders ,Injury prevention ,Demand ,Humans ,Excise ,Sex Distribution ,Socioeconomic status ,Sweden ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Alcohol Demand Drinking pattern Binge drinking ,Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy ,Intensity (physics) ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Socioeconomic Factors ,business ,Demography - Abstract
This paper provides an extensive analysis of the demand for alcohol in terms of total quantity and quantity subdivided into frequency and intensity demand. The analysis compares across alcohol types (beer, wine and spirits), alcohol drinking pattern (average drinker vs. binge drinkers) and also how these decisions differ across gender. The analysis is based on a large sample of cross-sectional data from Sweden 2004-11. The results show a positive socioeconomic (income and education) gradient in quantity. This gradient is generally positive in the frequency decision while negative in the intensity decision. Women predominantly choose to drink wine and show a strong positive socioeconomic gradient in both frequency and intensity demand for wine. Binge drinkers show less of a differentiation across alcohol types and this is true even of binge drinking women. Smoking is universally positively associated with quantity, frequency and intensity of alcohol demand with the exception of wine binge drinkers. The results highlight that while quantity consumed has a positive socioeconomic gradient, policies targeted at the less affluent and less educated are likely to have the greatest impact in reducing the social cost of alcohol and in reducing the socioeconomic gradient in health and socioeconomic related health inequality.
- Published
- 2015
34. The experiences of family members witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative: An adapted meta-narrative literature review.
- Author
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Pettifer, Annie, Froggatt, Katherine, and Hughes, Sean
- Subjects
ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CACHEXIA ,DRINKING (Physiology) ,DRINKING behavior ,HOSPICE care ,HYDRATION ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,PATIENT-family relations ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDLINE ,NUTRITION ,QUALITY assurance ,PSYCHOLOGY of the terminally ill ,TUMORS ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,ATTITUDES toward death ,SOCIAL support ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,FAMILY attitudes - Abstract
Background: Addressing the concerns of family members is an important aspect of palliative and end-of-life care. One aspect that commonly causes family caregivers concern is the decline of patients' oral fluid intake in the last few days of life. Aim: To map the narratives in which family members' experiences of witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative have been researched, review the findings within each narrative and consider directions for future research. Design: An adapted meta-narrative review approach. Data Sources: The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Applied Health Literature, Medline, PsycINFO, Psycharticles and Scopus databases were searched for relevant research published between January 1982 and December 2017. Quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Review Instrument. Results: A total of 22 papers met the inclusion criteria. No study focused specifically on the experiences of family members when witnessing the diminishing drinking of dying relatives. However, research about diminishing drinking was identified within studies broadly focusing on cancer cachexia, clinical decision-making about hydration and/or nutrition and support in a hospice context. The research indicates that family members' experiences of diminishing drinking vary with their views about the significance of drinking, dying well and their expectations of themselves and healthcare professionals. Conclusion: While some understanding of the topic can be inferred from research in related areas, there is a paucity of information specifically about family members' experiences when witnessing the diminishing drinking of a dying relative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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35. The Influence of Social Media on Alcohol Consumption of Mothers of Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Literature.
- Author
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Reisdorfer, Emilene, Nesari, Maryam, Krell, Kari, Johnston, Sharon, Dunlop, Randi Ziorio, Chute, Andrea, de Goes, Fernanda dos Santos Nogueira, and Singh, Inder
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,CINAHL database ,SOCIAL support ,ALCOHOLISM ,SOCIAL media ,PSYCHOLOGY of mothers ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MOTHERHOOD ,MARKETING ,ALCOHOL drinking ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,LITERATURE reviews ,THEMATIC analysis ,DRINKING behavior ,MEDLINE - Abstract
Alcohol misuse is a common problem in many countries, where alcohol is often portrayed as a fun and interactive coping strategy for mothers to manage the demands of motherhood. Social media platforms have established themselves as a popular forum for mothers to share information and create an environment in which mothers may be exposed to and influenced by alcohol-related content. Given the increased social acceptance and normalization of drinking among mothers, especially during the recent pandemic, a critical analysis of social media influences on alcohol behaviours and consumption is warranted. A scoping review mapped the evidence on social media influences and alcohol consumption among mothers of children and teenagers younger than eighteen years old. Several databases were consulted, and the evidence was collated into two themes and seven subthemes. Factors related to alcohol consumption in motherhood include (1) community and social support, (2) coping and mental health, (3) motherhood expectations and identity, (4) alcohol consumption, (5) marketing strategies, (6) everyday issues, and (7) social media influence. Numerous social, economic, and health problems are associated with alcohol misuse. The current literature suggests that social media is a powerful tool to disseminate messages about alcohol and normalize mothers' drinking behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The Culture of Alcohol in the U.S. Military: Correlations With Problematic Drinking Behaviors and Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use.
- Author
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Meadows, Sarah O., Beckman, Robin, Engel, Charles C., and Jeffery, Diana D.
- Subjects
BINGE drinking ,DRINKING behavior ,RISK-taking behavior ,TRAFFIC safety ,HEALTH behavior ,MILITARY culture - Abstract
Excessive alcohol use, especially binge and heavy drinking, represents a serious threat to force readiness across the Department of Defense. Though these behaviors are a matter of individual service member choice, they are influenced by perceptions of the culture of alcohol use in the military. This paper uses data from the 2018 Health Related Behaviors Survey of Active Duty service members to explore associations between perceived alcohol culture and excessive alcohol use, any serious drinking consequences, risky driving behaviors, productivity loss due to drinking, absenteeism, and presenteeism. Results from multivariate logistic regression reveal a strong, positive correlation between positive perceptions of drinking culture in the military and all outcomes. Targeting perceptions of the drinking culture is one way the military can reduce excessive and unhealthy use of alcohol and negative sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
37. Concordance of Text Message Ecological Momentary Assessment and Retrospective Survey Data Among Substance-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
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Rowe, Christopher, Hern, Jaclyn, DeMartini, Anna, Jennings, Danielle, Sommers, Mathew, Walker, John, and Santos, Glenn-Milo
- Subjects
data collection ,Concordance ,Population ,cell phones ,030508 substance abuse ,Poison control ,Health Informatics ,Information technology ,law.invention ,Men who have sex with men ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,McNemar's test ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Recall bias ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Original Paper ,education.field_of_study ,drug users ,business.industry ,Ecology ,drinking behavior ,Odds ratio ,T58.5-58.64 ,homosexuality, male ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Background: Alcohol and illicit drug use is more prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) compared to the general population and has been linked to HIV transmission in this population. Research assessing individual patterns of substance use often utilizes questionnaires or interviews that rely on retrospective self-reported information, which can be subject to recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a set of methods developed to mitigate recall bias by collecting data about subjects’ mental states and behaviors on a near real-time basis. EMA remains underutilized in substance use and HIV research. Objective: To assess the concordance between daily reports of substance use collected by EMA text messages (short message service, SMS) and retrospective questionnaires and identify predictors of daily concordance in a sample of MSM. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of EMA text responses (regarding behavior on the previous day) and audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) survey data (14-day recall) from June 2013 to September 2014 as part of a randomized controlled trial assessing a pharmacologic intervention to reduce methamphetamine and alcohol use among nondependent MSM in San Francisco, California. Reports of daily methamphetamine use, alcohol use, and binge alcohol use (5 or more drinks on one occasion) were collected via EMA and ACASI and compared using McNemar’s tests. Demographic and behavioral correlates of daily concordance between EMA and ACASI were assessed for each substance, using separate multivariable logistic regression models, fit with generalized estimating equations. Results: Among 30 MSM, a total of 994 days were included in the analysis for methamphetamine use, 987 for alcohol use, and 981 for binge alcohol use. Methamphetamine (EMA 20%, ACASI 11%, P
- Published
- 2016
38. Alcoholic beverage intake throughout the week and contribution to dietary energy intake in Australian adults
- Author
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Brooke S Wymond, Kacie Dickinson, and Malcolm Riley
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Waist ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Drinking Behavior ,Overweight ,Reference Daily Intake ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Secondary analysis ,Medicine ,Humans ,Dietary survey ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Adiposity ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Dietary intake ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Australia ,Middle Aged ,Nutrition Surveys ,Research Papers ,Diet ,White Wine ,Household income ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Energy Intake - Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess alcoholic beverage intake among Australian adults and its contribution to dietary energy intake.DesignSecondary analysis of a national dietary survey using 24 h dietary recall.SettingAustralian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) conducted from May 2011 to June 2012.SubjectsAdults (n9341) aged 19 years and over.ResultsOn the day preceding the survey, 32·8% of Australian adults consumed one or more alcoholic drinks. The median contribution to total energy intake for consumers did not differ significantly between males and females (13·7% and 12·9%, respectively;P=0·10). The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic drinks on Friday, Saturday and Sunday was 38·8 (95% CI 37·1, 40·5)%, higher than the other days (28·6 (95% CI 27·5, 29·8)%). Consumers had a median daily intake of 4·0 standard drinks on the weekend compared with 3·0 standard drinks during the week (Pv. 3·05 standard drinks (lowest);PConclusionsAlcoholic drinks contribute substantially to the dietary energy intake of Australian adults. The type and pattern of consumption of alcoholic beverage intake should be considered in the development of strategies to improve dietary intake.
- Published
- 2016
39. Hydration biomarkers in free-living adults with different levels of habitual fluid consumption
- Author
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Sébastien Vergne, Ivan Tack, Pascale Rondeau, Marie Poupin, Jodi D. Stookey, Florian Lang, Alexis Klein, Laurent Le Bellego, Erica T. Perrier, and Lawrence E. Armstrong
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Hydration biomarkers ,Vasopressin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Body water ,Drinking Behavior ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Context (language use) ,Osmolality ,Urine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Body Water ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Fluid intake ,Morning ,Creatinine ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Chemistry ,Environmental exposure ,Full Papers ,Plasma osmolality ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Female ,Biomarkers ,Human and Clinical Nutrition - Abstract
Little is known about the impact of habitual fluid intake on physiology. Specifically, biomarkers of hydration status and body water regulation have not been adequately explored in adults who consume different fluid volumes in everyday conditions, without prolonged exercise or environmental exposure. The purpose of the present study was to compare adults with habitually different fluid intakes with respect to biomarkers implicated in the assessment of hydration status, the regulation of total body water and the risk of kidney pathologies. In the present cross-sectional study, seventy-one adults (thirty-two men, thirty-nine women, age 25–40 years) were classified according to daily fluid intake: thirty-nine low drinkers (LD; ≤ 1·2 litres/d) and thirty-two high drinkers (HD; 2–4 litres/d). During four consecutive days, urinary parameters (first morning urine (FMU) on day 1 and subsequent 24 h urine (24hU) collections), blood parameters, and food and beverage intake were assessed. ANOVA and non-parametric comparisons revealed significant differences between the LD and HD groups in 24hU volume (1·0 (se 0·1) v. 2·4 (se 0·1) litres), specific gravity (median 1·023 v. 1·010), osmolality (767 (se 27) v. 371 (se 33) mOsm/kg) and colour (3·1 (se 0·2) v. 1·8 (se 0·2)). Similarly, in the FMU, the LD group produced a smaller amount of more concentrated urine. Plasma cortisol, creatinine and arginine vasopressin concentrations were significantly higher among the LD. Plasma osmolality was similar between the groups, suggesting physiological adaptations to preserve plasma osmolality despite low fluid intake. The long-term impact of adaptations to preserve plasma osmolality must be examined, particularly in the context of renal health.
- Published
- 2012
40. High Dose Astaxanthin Lowers Blood Pressure and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Rats: Are These Effects Interdependent?
- Author
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Eiji Yamashita, Harry G. Preuss, Bobby Echard, and Nicholas V. Perricone
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Drinking Behavior ,Blood Pressure ,renin-angiotensin system ,Xanthophylls ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Ingestion ,BP effect ,Restraint stress ,Glucose tolerance test ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Insulin ,Body Weight ,Astaxanthin ,Captopril ,Feeding Behavior ,General Medicine ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Blood pressure ,Losartan ,Endocrinology ,Pioglitazone ,Research Paper ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The present investigation in Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) was designed to examine effects of astaxanthin (Asta) at different doses on elevated blood pressure (BP) and glucose-insulin perturbations produced by heavy sucrose ingestion. We also examined effects of Asta on BP during restraint stress. SD were divided into six groups each containing eight rats. All SD ate a basic diet of ground regular rat chow with sucrose added at 30% w/w. The Control group received only the basic diet containing added sucrose, while the other five groups each received the same diet with added test material: captopril, (30 mg/Kg), pioglitazone (15.0 mg/Kg), low Asta (25 mg/Kg), medium Asta (50 mg/kg) or high Asta (100 mg/Kg). Many tests were carried out to examine the mechanisms behind the effects of Asta on BP (serum ACE activity, losartan challenge, and LNAME challenge) and the glucose-insulin system (glucose tolerance, HOMA measurement, and insulin challenge). In SD, a relatively low dose of Asta decreased SBP, but produced no major changes in the glucose-insulin system simulating results from a previous study using Zucker Fatty Rats. Increasing the dose of Asta resulted in both a lowering of elevated systolic BP and enhanced insulin sensitivity determined by many different estimations. BP lowering was consistent with changes in the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and nitric oxide (NO) systems. At the examined doses of each, captopril lowered BP in SD without influencing glucose-insulin metabolism, whereas pioglitazone favorably affected glucose-insulin metabolism while showing essentially no effects on BP. Accordingly, Asta beneficially affects both sucrose-induced elevations of BP and insulin resistance at relatively high doses in SD. Also, Asta at higher doses lessens restraint stress, whereas, captopril and pioglitazone did not at the doses examined, even though they influenced the BP and glucose-insulin systems respectively.
- Published
- 2011
41. Metadata Correction: Alcohol Consumption Reduction Among a Web-Based Supportive Community Using the Hello Sunday Morning Blog Platform: Observational Study
- Author
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Kirkman, Jessica Jane Louise, Leo, Briony, and Moore, Jamie Christopher
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Adult ,Male ,alcohol abuse ,Health Informatics ,blogging ,Reduction (complexity) ,platforms ,Humans ,Web application ,Web-based brief alcohol intervention ,relapse prevention ,Morning ,Original Paper ,alcoholic intoxication ,business.industry ,drinking behavior ,Advertising ,Middle Aged ,alcohol use ,moderate drinking ,Corrigenda and Addenda ,alcohol drinking ,binge drinking ,internet media ,Metadata ,Alcoholism ,internet intervention ,blog search ,community ,Female ,social network ,Observational study ,internet ,business ,Psychology ,Alcohol consumption ,engagement - Abstract
Background Alcohol misuse is a major social and public health issue in Australia, with an estimated cost to the community of Aus $30 billion per annum. Until recently, a major barrier in addressing this significant public health issue is the fact that the majority of individuals with alcohol use disorders and alcohol misuse are not receiving treatment. Objective This study aimed to assess whether alcohol consumption changes are associated with participation in Hello Sunday Morning’s blog platform, an online forum discussing experiences in abstaining from alcohol. Methods The study reports on Hello Sunday Morning participants who signed up for a 3-month period of abstinence from November 2009 to November 2016. The sample comprised 1917 participants (female: 1227/1917, 64.01%; male: 690/1917, 35.99%). Main outcome measures were Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores, mood, program engagement metrics, and slip-ups. Results Individuals who reported hazardous (preprogram AUDIT mean 11.92, SD 2.25) and harmful consumption levels (preprogram AUDIT mean 17.52, SD 1.08) and who engaged in the Hello Sunday Morning program reported a significant decrease in alcohol consumption, moving to lower risk consumption levels (hazardous, mean 7.59, SD 5.70 and harmful, mean 10.38, SD 7.43), 4 months following program commencement (P
- Published
- 2018
42. Dilemmas of belonging: Young Muslim women in the Danish youth alcohol culture.
- Author
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Bærndt, Marie Fjellerup and Frank, Vibeke Asmussen
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MUSLIM youth ,MUSLIM women ,YOUNG women ,YOUTH culture ,ALCOHOL drinking ,DRINKING behavior - Abstract
Aim: Focusing on drinking and partying among young Muslim women in Denmark, our aim was to examine how the drinking practices of young Muslim women are influenced by belonging, understood as sentiments of (national) belonging as well as the broader (politicised) discourse on Muslims in Denmark. Methods and data: Based on 32 qualitative in-depth interviews with young Muslim women, this paper explores their drinking practices as situated in a national youth culture highly influenced by alcohol intoxication. We draw on Nira Yuval-Davies' (2006) distinction between belonging (as emotional attachment) and the politics of belonging. Findings: We found that the young women attempt to avoid negative comments based on stereotypes of Muslims and their drinking, by toning down being a Muslim. In addition, we showed how the difficulties of drinking alcohol while being both Muslim and Danish leads to several of the young women experiencing an 'identity crisis'. Lastly, we found that a way for the studied women to reconcile Muslim and Danish identities is through faith, namely through actively choosing what kind of Muslim they want to be. Conclusion: Being part of a national youth culture of alcohol intoxication is inevitably dilemma-filled for the study's participants and they are challenged in their belonging. We argue that these dilemmas do not stand alone, but rather point to the broader predicaments of these women in Danish society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Impact of Diabetes Education on Behavior and Health – A Propensity Coarsened Exact Matching Application.
- Author
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Pinder, Jim and Pham, Minh
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HEALTH behavior ,RISK-taking behavior ,MENTAL health education ,DRINKING behavior ,DIABETES ,HEALTH literacy ,ACTIVE learning - Abstract
Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey from 2013 to 2018, this study investigates diabetes education’s effects among diabetes respondents on different health outcomes and risky behaviors. Using Propensity Coarsened ExactMatching (CEM) for diabetes education, this study found that receiving diabetes education positively affects one’s self-reported health outcomes and negatively affects one’s propensity to engage in risky behaviors. Specifically, thisstudy shows evidence that receiving diabetes education reduces the number of days that the survey participants do not feel well, physically. It also reduces respondent’s alcohol intake and the probability of respondents being a current smoker. Moreover, this study also shows that having diabetes education increases the frequency of having an A1C check-up and increases physical activity among respondents. Thisstudy also isthe first to use repeated crosssectional data across all states in the U.S. to investigate the long-term effect of diabetes educations on mental and physical health. This study reaffirms the findings of prior studies on diabetes education’s impact on other health outcomes such as exercise and other risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
44. SEASON INFLUENCE ON DRINKING BEHAVIOR IN THREE MONTHS OF AGE CALVES FROM ROMANIAN BLACK AND WHITE BREED
- Author
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I. TRIPON, G. STANCIU, S. ACATINCĂI, L. T. CZISZTER, D. GAVOJDIAN, SIMONA BAUL, A. BOGNAR, and SILVIA ERINA
- Subjects
calves ,drinking behavior ,romanian black and white breed ,Agriculture ,Technology ,Science - Abstract
The aim of this paper was to measure the main aspects that characterize the drinking behavior of three months old calves. During the experiments the following drinking behavior aspects were determined: number of drinking periods, the length of drinking periods. Results showed that in the winter season the total length of drinking periods was 7.0 minutes in the morning, 5.1 minutes in the afternoon and 2.4 minutes during the night. In the summer (high temperatures) the total length of drinking periods was 7.9 minutes in the morning, 10.0 minutes in the afternoon and only 4.0 minutes during the night. In the summer (normal temperatures) the total length of drinking periods was 5.8 minutes in the morning, 7.9 minutes in the afternoon and only 4.4 minutes during the night. Calves spent drinking on average 14.5 minutes in the winter, representing 1% of a day length. Calves spent drinking on average 21.9 minutes in the summer when the temperatures were very high, respectively 1.5% of a day length. Calves spent drinking on average 18.1 minutes during the summer when temperatures were normal (1.3%).
- Published
- 2023
45. The health of older Western Australians: the role of age, gender, geographic location, psychological distress, perceived health, tobacco and alcohol.
- Author
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Wilkinson, Celia, Clarke, Kim, Sambell, Ros, Dare, Julie, and Bright, Stephen Jason
- Subjects
WELL-being ,ALCOHOL-induced disorders ,AGE distribution ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH status indicators ,POPULATION geography ,SEX distribution ,SURVEYS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,SMOKING ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,DRINKING behavior ,PSYCHOLOGICAL distress ,SECONDARY analysis ,DISEASE risk factors ,OLD age - Abstract
Purpose: Rates of drinking- and alcohol-related harms among older adults are increasing in most developed nations. The purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship among at-risk alcohol use, smoking, gender, geographical location, self-reported health and psychological well-being among Western Australians aged 65 years and older. Design/methodology/approach: A secondary analysis was conducted of a cross-sectional survey that collected data from 7,804 West Australians aged 65 years and older between 2013 and 2015. Participants were categorised according to the following age groups: young-old (aged 65–74 years), older-old (aged 75–84 years) and oldest-old (aged 85+ years). Findings: Results from a multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that at-risk drinking decreased with increasing age. Current smokers, males and those males and females who perceived their health to be "excellent" were more likely to report at-risk drinking, as were the oldest-old males who lived in remote communities. Psychological well-being was not a predictor of at-risk drinking Originality/value: This paper examines drinking behaviour among a diverse population of older Western Australians. The way in which the age groups were segmented is unique, as most studies of older Australian drinking patterns aggregate the older adult population. Some of the authors' findings support existing literature, whereas the remainder provides unique data about the relationship among at-risk drinking, geographic location and psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Brain somatostatin receptor 2 mediates the dipsogenic effect of central somatostatin and cortistatin in rats: role in drinking behavior
- Author
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Hiroshi Karasawa, Andreas Stengel, Lixin Wang, Yvette Taché, Jean Rivier, and Seiichi Yakabi
- Subjects
Agonist ,Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,medicine.drug_class ,Drinking ,Neuropeptide ,Drinking Behavior ,Cortistatin (neuropeptide) ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Eating ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Somatostatin receptor 2 ,Animals ,Receptors, Somatostatin ,Injections, Intraventricular ,Angiotensin II receptor type 1 ,Behavior, Animal ,Chemistry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Neuropeptides ,Antagonist ,Brain ,Endocrinology ,Somatostatin ,Losartan ,Call for Papers ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Intracerebroventricular injection of stable somatostatin (SST) agonists stimulates food and water intake in rats. We investigated the receptor subtype(s) involved in the dipsogenic effect of intracerebroventricular injection of SST agonists, mechanisms of action, and role. In nonfasted and non-water-deprived male rats with chronic intracerebroventricular cannula, intake of water without food or food without water was monitored separately to avoid any interactions compared with intracerebroventricular vehicle. SST-14 and cortistatin (CST-14) (1 μg/rat icv) increased water intake by 3.1- and 2.7-fold, respectively, while both peptides did not alter food intake at 1 h postinjection in the light phase. By contrast, the stable pan-somatostatin agonist ODT8-SST (1 μg/rat icv) increased both water and food intake by 4.9- and 3.7-fold, respectively. S-346-011, a selective receptor 2 (sst2) agonist (1 μg/rat icv) induced water ingestion, while sst1 or sst4 agonist, injected under the same conditions, did not. The sst2 antagonist S-406-028 (1 μg/rat icv) prevented the 1-h water intake induced by intracerebroventricular ODT8-SST and CST-14. Losartan (100 μg/rat icv), an angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) antagonist, completely blocked the water consumption induced by intracerebroventricular ODT8-SST, whereas intracerebroventricular injection of S-406-028 did not modify the intracerebroventricular ANG II-induced dipsogenic response. The sst2 antagonist reduced by 40% the increase of the 3-h water intake in the early dark phase. These data indicate that SST-14 and CST-14 interact with sst2 to exert a potent dipsogenic effect, which is mediated downstream by angiotensin-AT1 signaling. These data also indicate that sst2 activation by brain SST-14 and/or CST-14 may play an important role in the regulation of drinking behavior.
- Published
- 2014
47. ANG II receptor subtype 1a gene knockdown in the subfornical organ prevents increased drinking behavior in bile duct-ligated rats
- Author
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Joseph D. Walch, J. Thomas Cunningham, and T. Prashant Nedungadi
- Subjects
Male ,Vasopressin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Vasopressins ,Genetic Vectors ,Down-Regulation ,Drinking Behavior ,Biology ,Supraoptic nucleus ,Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 ,Small hairpin RNA ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Transduction, Genetic ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Renin–angiotensin system ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Microinjection ,Ligation ,Gene knockdown ,Behavior, Animal ,Sodium ,Dependovirus ,Subfornical organ ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Call for Papers ,RNA Interference ,Bile Ducts ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ,Liver Failure ,Hyponatremia ,Signal Transduction ,Subfornical Organ - Abstract
Bile duct ligation (BDL) causes congestive liver failure that initiates hemodynamic changes, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia due to increased water intake and vasopressin release. This project tested the hypothesis that angiotensin signaling at the subfornical organ (SFO) augments drinking behavior in BDL rats. A genetically modified adeno-associated virus containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for ANG II receptor subtype 1a (AT1aR) gene was microinjected into the SFO of rats to knock down expression. Two weeks later, BDL or sham surgery was performed. Rats were housed in metabolic chambers for measurement of fluid and food intake and urine output. The rats were euthanized 28 days after BDL surgery for analysis. A group of rats was perfused for immunohistochemistry, and a second group was used for laser-capture microdissection for analysis of SFO AT1aR gene expression. BDL rats showed increased water intake that was attenuated in rats that received SFO microinjection of AT1aR shRNA. Among BDL rats treated with scrambled (control) and AT1aR shRNA, we observed an increased number of vasopressin-positive cells in the supraoptic nucleus that colocalized with ΔFosB staining, suggesting increased vasopressin release in both groups. These results indicate that angiotensin signaling through the SFO contributes to increased water intake, but not dilutional hyponatremia, during congestive liver failure.
- Published
- 2014
48. Discrimination of sweet‐fat ingredients in people with weight‐ and eating‐related problems using a signal detection theory.
- Author
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Garcia‐Burgos, David, Andres, Fabienne, Trier, Stephan, Vögele, Claus, and Munsch, Simone
- Subjects
SIGNAL detection ,TASTE ,DRINKING behavior ,BULIMIA ,BODY mass index - Abstract
Individuals with impaired gustatory perception may have altered ingestive behaviors, which contribute to unhealthy weight status and disordered eating. Whether and to what extent weight status or eating symptomatology depend on flavor perception is still a controversial issue. Thus, the ability to discriminate among different levels of sweetness/fat content was compared in three studies using two‐alternative forced‐choice tasks and the standardized metrics of signal detection theory (SDT). In Study 1, three body mass index groups were included: underweight, healthy normal weight, and overweight. In Study 2, volunteers were currently‐ill and recovered (anorexia/bulimia nervosa) patients, and two age‐ and weight‐matched control groups. In Study 3, SDT metrics of both populations were compared. Results showed that SDT measures identified difficulties of underweight individuals to discriminate fat levels in sugary products, while patients with eating disorders exhibited outstanding discrimination of fat ingredients. Judgment biases were also detected in both populations. This highlights importance of using SDT methodology in flavor perception research in people with weight−/eating‐related problems. Practical Applications: This paper may serve as a starting point for the establishment of a consensual methodology in the field of flavor perception using the SDT approach. Especially in populations with eating‐ and weight‐related problems, it is both of considerable interest and a necessity to establish and promote standard metrics to provide more consistent and comparable results on the perception of sweet and fat inputs. On the one hand, SDT may be a valuable tool to deal with current methodological limitations and heterogeneity in methods used across studies. On the other, this should facilitate further study of the relationship between oral sensations and unhealthy eating and drinking behaviors to improve individuals' nutritional status and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Influences on the drinking of heavier drinkers: Interactional realities in seeking to 'change drinking cultures'.
- Author
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Room, Robin, Callinan, Sarah, and Dietze, Paul
- Subjects
ALCOHOL drinking ,DRINKING behavior ,PEOPLE with alcoholism ,RISK-taking behavior ,SOCIOLOGY of work ,FRIENDSHIP ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Introduction and Aims: 'Changing drinking culture' is a prominent goal in the Australian state of Victoria's current alcohol strategy-seeking a shift so that 'excessive drinking isn't seen as the norm'. As a social activity, there is a strong collective aspect to drinking and associated behaviour: customs within the drinking group and at the level of social worlds of drinking operate both to increase and to control drinking patterns and associated behaviours. The paper considers how risky drinkers and those in social worlds of heavy drinking experience others' expectations about drinking.Design and Methods: Using Victorian population survey responses (n = 2092 adults who had consumed alcohol in previous year) to identify those in a social world of group drinking, and a subcategory who are also risky drinkers, the paper explores pressures on those in these categories both to drink more and to drink less, whether from family members, from work colleagues, or from friends.Results: Those who are both risky and social drinkers are much more likely than other drinkers to report pressures to drink more from friends and workmates, and even from family members, although they more often report pressures from family members to drink less than to drink more.Discussion and Conclusions: Efforts to change a drinking culture, it is argued, must take account of the collective nature of drinking and of the interplay of influences at interpersonal and subcultural levels if they are to be effective in reducing rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems. [Room R, Callinan S, Dietze P. Influences on the drinking of heavier drinkers: Interactional realities in seeking to 'change drinking cultures'. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Drinking like a guy? Women and sport-related drinking.
- Author
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Palmer, Catherine
- Subjects
DRINKING behavior ,WOMEN ,ALCOHOL drinking ,FOOTBALL rules ,AUSTRALIAN football players ,HEGEMONY ,HEALTH - Abstract
This paper introduces an under-researched area in analyses of contemporary sporting practices: women and sport-related drinking. While the role that alcohol plays in creating particular cultural identities in sport has been well documented, this has been done, almost exclusively, in relation to men. Drawing on empirical research with female supporters of Australian Rules football, this paper offers a preliminary analysis of the role of alcohol in constructing and maintaining personal and social identities for women in a particular sporting setting. In examining the behaviours, practices and attitudes of these women towards their own and others' alcohol consumption, the paper argues for a need to extend our conceptual, theoretical and empirical frameworks for thinking about sports-associated drinking. It posits a need to rethink dominant theoretical tropes such as ‘hegemonic masculinity’ which often orient studies of sport-related drinking and argues instead for alternative analytical frameworks that may advance critical scholarship on the under-researched relationship between women, sport and alcohol consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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