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The recent passage of the Offshore Electricity Infrastructure Act (2021) (Cth) opened up the potential for Australia to produce renewable energy at unprecedented scale. Six regions have been identified as potential locations for developing offshore wind projects, promising thousands of new local jobs to legacy industrial regions. This paper charts the regulatory framework for Australia's offshore wind industry and how it positions local economic benefits in the licencing of projects. It then draws on interviews with key stakeholders supported by media and policy analysis to examine the early development of offshore wind capability in one of the proposed regions, the Illawarra, in NSW. Here existing steelmaking capacity positions the region to play a key role in supply chains for local and potentially national projects, but considerable structural and geographical constraints in the labour market will need to be addressed. In light of overseas experience indicating that economic benefits often fall short of promises, greater attention by policy makers is required to ensure hosting communities can develop local skills in the industry and facilitate their relative supply chain capabilities. This paper also calls for careful evaluation of early projects to allow for adjustments to policy settings as the industry matures domestically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to identify changes occurring within the property professions and at the same time focus on the changing structures of the tertiary education sector in Australia and how both of these will influence property/real estate education and research into the future. Design/methodology/ approach - The paper reviews a range of published international material and conference papers mostly emanating from the Pacific Rim Real Estate Society (PRRES) a formal focus for property researchers, educators and practitioners from over 15 countries. Structured interviews with leading property academics were conducted along with the authors' direct involvement with the Australian Property Institute and their National Education Board. Findings - There is a strong demand for tertiary/property real estate education, which will continue in Australia though with a likely wider base extending beyond the traditional valuation and analysis fields. However, given the significant emerging changes in the tertiary sector in Australia, certain universities will tend to focus in such specialist areas. Research limitations/implications - It would appear that this is not a widely researched area outside the PRRES group. The findings, however, are sound and have important implications for education and research in this critical economic sector. Practical implications - The findings should help better refine the academic offer and research initiatives developed by those individual universities as they seek to establish their market niche. Whilst this paper applies particularly to the Australian context, observations regarding changing demand will be of wider interest and assistance. Originality/value - This paper for the first time considers the changing demand for real estate / property graduate courses and demands for research in this field against the backdrop of contemporary change in the tertiary sector in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that, although there are some unique features associated with mental illness, such special features do not preclude economic analysis. Design/methodology/approach - As a mechanism for understanding how individual economic studies fit into the mental health sector, a conceptual framework of the components of mental health service provision is outlined. Emphasis is placed on, not simply institutional and market resources, but also on the services provided by relatives, self-help groups, etc. Findings - Australian data on parts of the mental health sector are employed to illustrate that some (and different) economic analyses can be undertaken in mental health. First, time-series data on public psychiatric hospitals are employed to demonstrate trends associated with deinstitutionalisation. Other data (for Queensland alone) indicate that there are state-based differences in the provision of such services. Second, attention is then directed to the analysis of time-series data on private fee-for-service psychiatric services. Various concepts and measures from industrial economics are applied to analyse the relative size of this service industry, the pricing behaviour of the profession, the service-mix of ‘the psychiatry firms’ operating in Australia. In addition, the analysis also sheds some light on the distributional implications of Australia's national (and uniform) system of health funding, Medicare. Originality/value - Apart from demonstrating that economic analyses can be undertaken in the difficult area of mental health, this paper indicates a number of puzzles (e.g. various regional variations within a unified profession and a uniform national funding scheme) that invite further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing pressure being placed on government agencies both in Australia and internationally to act in a more collaborative, integrated manner. Community and welfare programs are being conducted in new "shared" or "whole-of-government" ways, which pose a challenge to traditional models of public sector reporting. Existing accountability mechanisms are designed for vertical accountability relationships, and these are inadequate for horizontal or "networked" accountability across government agencies. This paper uses the case of the Community Renewal Program based in the Queensland state government department to illustrate the problems which arise when reporting on "shared" programs. The paper offers a different approach to improve reporting and accountability for shared programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines specific provisions of Australia's carbon pricing mechanism created by the Clean Energy Act 2011 and measures foreshadowed in Australia's climate change policy that intend to reduce the impact of carbon pricing on individuals and businesses alike. This paper considers three elements of carbon pricing in Australia. First, consideration is given to provisions contained in the Clean Energy Act itself, including concessions, exemptions and mechanisms intended to shield vulnerable economic sectors and particular businesses from the adverse economic effects of carbon pricing. Second, the paper examines complementary mechanisms created under the climate change policy as a whole, which provide compensation against price increases resulting from higher energy and manufacturing costs. Finally, the paper highlights the secondary dividends that could be facilitated by revenue raised from the sale of emission permits pursuant to the Act, including funding for the expansion of renewable and clean energies and energy efficiency measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new approach to well-being measurement is presented in this paper based on multidimensional hierarchical human needs and motivation. This paper empirically applies this new measure of well-being to Australia for the period 1985–2000. This hierarchical approach is underpinned by a rigorous psychological theory of human motivation. Hierarchical human needs are classified into five categories. Eight indicators have been chosen to reflect these categories. A composite indicator of these eight indicators is calculated. This paper concludes that it is necessary to consider multidimensional human needs and motivation when analysing and seeking to improve well-being through economic and social development activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper investigates the price of discrimination and the identity of discriminators in Australia, using data from the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission. To the extent that Becker's (1971) theory is correct, we anticipate greater levels of discrimination in less competitive sectors of the economy. The data do not support that notion. We also investigate whether the price of discrimination varies by identity of discriminator. Overall the price of discrimination is about A$15,000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyse the industrial impacts of monetary shocks since the introduction of inflation targeting in Australia in 1990. These impacts are quantified by constructing a structural vector autoregressive model for a small open economy. Our results show that construction and manufacturing industries exhibit a significant reduction in gross value added after an unanticipated rise in the official cash rate. However, the finance and insurance industry, and the mining industry, seem to be unaffected by these shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the economic effects of tourism tax changes in Australia. To this end, a tourism tax model (TTM), a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Australian economy, is developed explicitly incorporating two tourism sectors. This is an important improvement in modelling tourism in a CGE context. The tourism sectors are incorporated using the 'tourism dummy sector approach', in which both the demand and supply sides of tourism sectors are modelled adequately to reflect the true nature of tourism. This model is used to carry out simulations of abolishing tourism taxes which are financed by an increase in the GST (goods and services tax). The simulation results suggest that the tourism sector expands as a result of tax abolition, while the other sectors contract. The increase in the GST, on the other hand, leads to an increase in commodity prices and thus the economy suffers, as reflected in a reduction in GDP. Overall, the results show that these tax changes are contractionary, as reflected in real consumption and GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the hypothetical extraction method (HEM) which is used to formulate the problems of finding a key sector and a key group of sectors in the Australian economy. It discusses related problems of finding a key region and a key group of regions in an interregional input-output (IO) setting. It also examines how an input coefficient change affects the factor worth of an industry.

Concern over the reliability of conventional poverty studies has focused attention on the need to demonstrate that those identified as poor are actually experiencing hardship. This paper takes a step in this direction by examining poverty using a living standards approach derived from the literature on deprivation and social exclusion. Deprivation - defined as an enforced lack of socially perceived necessities - has emerged as a way of identifying who is missing out on what the community regards as the necessities (or essentials) of life. Social exclusion - which exists when individuals do not participate in key activities in society - has opened up new areas of inquiry relating to a lack of connectedness between individuals, the communities in which they live, and key economic and social processes. The findings indicate that many Australians face deprivation and exclusion in numerous aspects of their lives, and that those defined as poor in income terms are different from those who are deprived or excluded. The low overlap between the three indicators implies that they all have a role to play in documenting the extent of social disadvantage and helping to identify the factors that contribute to its various manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the comparative perspective on leadership in the Australian Public Services (APS) in Australia. It is mentioned that low levels of leadership observed in the APS are contrasted with much points which characterize the better area of the private sector. It is stated that change in the APS over a couple of years has been driven by several interrelated factors including economic pressures in the world economy, the need to restrain government spending and a commitment to greater efficiency in the administration. Moreover, it notes that framing of the organizational vision, mission and goals in the APS typically takes place within the context of a department or agency's corporate plan.

The creative industries concept or term continues to attract attention in both developed and developing economies worldwide. However, it is not universally applied, with other terms such as cultural industries, arts and culture, copyright industries, or the experience economy used in various global locations. There is also ongoing debate and critique in relation to the creative industries concept, given that it emphasises employment and wealth creation and gathers together a range of disparate disciplines. This article explores these issues via interviews with twenty-two key leaders representing fifteen different industry organisations, advocacy groups, and government funding bodies in the Australian creative industries sector. The findings reveal only a moderate level of understanding and application of the creative industries concept, with a range of views on its relevance and utility for those working in the sector. In addition, the findings propose that there is significant potential and need for the sector to work towards a stronger advocacy position and profile within the broader economy. However, this represents a major challenge for the creative industries sector, given the existing vertical and horizontal power structures within this complex and diverse area of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Australian Government has signalled what it sees as the need for all sectors of the economy to be more innovative. Reviews have been commissioned that indicate how this agenda might be accomplished, including the development of greater links between higher education and industry. In this article, Australia's research expenditure by sector is compared with nine other advanced economies. The funding arrangements and performance of the higher education sector are then considered in some detail. A number of policy changes are recommended for higher education, including a need for greater funding of information technology, engineering and technology and full funding of project research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within Australian cities, social and economic inequalities manifest themselves spatially. Perceived neighbourhood disorder and neighbourhood reputation are relevant to considering the ways in which social and economic inequalities translate into place-based inequalities. This article explores the ways in which residents of two socio-economically contrasting urban areas describe and explain neighbourhood disorder and neighbourhood reputation. It draws upon qualitative data from 40 in-depth interviews, in addition to quantitative data from a postal survey. The qualitative findings highlighted how issues of neighbourhood disorder and reputation were intertwined. In both areas, participants sought to portray themselves and their neighbourhoods in positive ways, by attributing responsibility for neighbourhood disorder to people who were unlike themselves, and by highlighting places that were perceived to have worse reputations and higher levels of disorder. The findings are considered in light of Bourdieu's theory of capitals. This article indicates that both neighbourhood disorder and reputation are pathways through which social, economic and health inequities are maintained in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an occupational hazard in the study of organizations that we tend to view them as static arrangements, as though what is observed and reported today tells us all we need to know about them. But organizations are dynamic rather than static phenomena, being constantly affected by adjustments to meet the effects of fading past arrangements or approaching new arrangements. Simple “snapshots” taken at a particular moment in history are never likely to reveal all the relevant nuances. This article comments on this problem as it affects non-departmental public bodies often described loosely as “agencies”, by (a) drawing attention to some relevant theoretical contributions to the political science and organization theory literature, and (b) giving some examples of changes in the style of agency formation and operation over the years, mostly drawn from the Australian public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the lack of women participation in policy making in agricultural sector in Australia. In rural Australia, where women have been described as invisible, very few women achieve leadership or policy-making positions in traditional farm organizations or on statutory agricultural boards despite their significant contributions to agricultural production. What is perhaps slightly unusual about the Australian situation is the rising crescendo of discontent and exasperation from the farm women's groups who have sought their own channels to government through new and more radical women's lobby groups. In the last fifteen years women's participation in the Australian agricultural workforce has risen from 15 per cent to 32 per cent and women now make up 40 per cent of farm business partners. Despite their higher rates of education, their evident economic contribution and their commitment, farm women are largely invisible in policy and decision making. An increasing amount of research in the last ten to fifteen years, both within Australia and overseas, has analyzed women's exclusion from power at the higher levels of the private and public sectors.

In this article, exploratory approach to the development of an environmental accountability framework for application in the Australian Commonwealth public sector three interrelated strands of literature are examined. First, the notion of accountability is considered and the key institutional "stakeholders" in the Commonwealth public sector are identified; second, literature related to recent transformations in the public sector is synthesized; and third, the burgeoning literature on environmental accounting and reporting is reviewed and linked to the concept of environmental accountability. In the process of developing the characteristics of an environmental accountability system for the Commonwealth public sector, the article draws on this literature and explores the interrelationships between three characteristics of environmental performance at the federal level in the Australian public sector. The aim of the "environmental performance accountability framework" is for the various stakeholders to understand the actions of Commonwealth public sector organizations, and consequences of those actions, for ecological systems; to become familiar with the trends and changes in trends in public sector environmental performance; and to place stakeholders in a position to promote change when performance is not acceptable.

The article presents information about reforms in the area of financial advice. According to Chris Bowen, former Minister for Financial Services of Australia, Future of Financial Advice, a government organization, reforms play a key role for the governmental proposal for improving the trust of Australian retail investors in financial planning sectors. As stated, product distribution, management change and engaging advisers are some of the common issues for financial services industry.