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This paper explores the spatial heterogeneity in the human capital potential of Indonesia's next generation by constructing and analyzing sub-national human capital indices (HCI) for 34 provinces and 514 districts in Indonesia. The paper identifies data and methodological constraints in the construction of these sub-national indices and proposes and implements strategies to overcome these challenges. Several interesting findings emerge from the analysis. First, Indonesian's young generation can only achieve 53% of their future productivity relative to the full benchmark of health and education. Second, the variation in aggregate human capital potential across space in Indonesia is staggering: some parts of country are almost at par with countries like Vietnam and China while others have human capital levels that are comparable to Chad, Niger, and Sierra Leone. Third, differences in learning outcomes as measured by harmonized test scores account for the largest share of the variation in human capital across Indonesia, suggesting that the challenge of providing quality education remains one of the most important obstacles to equalizing opportunities for the next generation of Indonesians. And fourth, the correlation between government spending and performance on HCI at the district level appears rather weak, reinforcing conclusions reached by other recent studies that have highlighted the importance of focusing on the quality of spending. Finally, this paper also shows that Indonesia's human capital registered a modest improvement from 0.50 in 2013 to 0.53 in 2018 with stronger progress observed among the already top performing provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indonesia is widely recognized as a geographically complex nation which is comprised of an estimated 17,000 islands and with its 264 million inhabitants, it faces a unique combination of having to organize and deliver health care services to a diverse population who speak 724 languages or dialects. Aim: The purpose of this critical reflective narrative is to expand on the challenging structure of healthcare in Indonesia and the corresponding environment for nursing. More specifically we elaborated on health care settings, delivery of care and nursing education in the midst of complex targeted healthcare reforms. Methods: For this paper's needs a review and critical analysis was conducted by a systematic search in PubMed and Google Scholar, including papers from within the last two decades. Following critical taxonomy of the original output (i.e. 553 refs), a final 36 references were selected for inclusion. Results and Discussion: Results have been organized under the broad categories of Health Care structure and delivery followed by Nursing Education and are further elaborated via critical narration under five detailed sub-categories, i.e. The health care system in Indonesia (Specialized health centers and hospitals), Community Nursing, School Nursing, Home Care Nurse, Nursing Education in Indonesia Conclusions: Indonesia's wide geographical expanse of islands and population diversity makes health care delivery a complex task. Thus, the country should be praised for tackling these challenges and initiatives such as the creation of the PUSKESMAS network which increased geographic access and national healthcare coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The empirical link between children's cognitive ability and parental risk attitudes has been understudied. Specifically, an individual's educational outcome may reflect the decisions made on their behalf by parents, reflecting their risk attitudes. This paper aims to fill gaps in the existing literature by investigating whether parental risk preferences influence the cognitive ability of children in Indonesia. Using a dataset from the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5), we find an inverse relation between parental risk aversion and children's cognitive test scores. However, the effect of parental risk attitudes is only prominent for daughters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refugee and asylum seeker children in Indonesia have experienced exclusion and inequitable education. This paper, therefore, examines what are the gaps between International and Indonesian national laws on the right to education and its implementation in order to demonstrate educational exclusion and inequity. Subsequently, it scrutinizes the reasons why the inclusion and equity in the education of refugee and asylum seeker children should have been promoted in Indonesia. This paper examines international and national (Indonesian) documents (namely official law provisions, academic works, and research papers) and interviews with 13 informants in Jakarta and Bogor for data analysis. The findings reveal that the Indonesian national laws related to the right to education and its implementation have not been adequately recognized and exercised in accordance with the international laws. This paper argues that the Indonesian government should take into consideration the inclusive and equitable education for refugee children because these children are subject to an educational emergency. Moreover, the children could play some key roles in social, cultural, political and economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the limitations of using physical force in educating children in Indonesia. It examines the prevalence of violence by parents and teachers in education. Increased public awareness and concern for children's rights have made the use of violence in education a taboo. This research uses a qualitative method with secondary data using literature and analysing court decisions from the human rights perspective. This study aims to determine the limits of tolerance for violence and corporal punishment. The court decisions have been taken as the data to be analysed from various locations where decisions have been issued were taken into consideration to depict the similarities and differences in deciding matters related to corporal punishment towards children. This article examines historical, cultural, and religious factors that influence the use of physical force, including interpretations of Islamic teachings. This paper also presents arguments for and against corporal punishment as an educational tool. This research sheds light on the complexities surrounding the permissibility of physical force in children's education and the conflicting views in society, providing insight into evolving understandings and legal perspectives on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merdeka Belajar as one of the new policies in the education system in Indonesia needs to be critically and deeply analyzed from various aspects, one of which is analyzed from the perspective of philosophy. There are various philosophical schools used in the world of education, one of which is the philosophical school of progressivism. The purpose of writing this article is to look at the independent program of learning an independent campus from the lens of the philosophy of progersiveism. This paper is a literature study conducted by looking at various existing libraries. The independent learning program of an independent campus turned out to be very much in line with the spirit of the flow of progressivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper emphasizes the imperative for Indonesia to shift from passive good citizens to active citizens in order to confront the nation's multifaceted challenges. Active citizenship is pivotal for promoting good governance, combatting corruption, advancing social justice, and fortifying democracy. To realize this transition, collaboration between the government, civil society organizations, and educational institutions is crucial. Civic education is identified as a critical tool for nurturing active citizens, with schools playing a vital role in imparting knowledge about rights, responsibilities, critical thinking, civic participation, and social responsibility. The Pancasila learner profile and the active citizen framework are proposed as interconnected concepts that can shape students' character and behavior while endorsing social justice. However, this transformation faces complexities including political illiteracy, elite influence, and educational inadequacies. Resolving these challenges demands concerted efforts and resource allocation. The government's commitment to civic education, enhancement of educational quality, provision of a free and impartial media platform, and encouragement of active citizenship are deemed imperative for fostering an engaged and participatory citizenry that contributes positively to Indonesia's societal progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digital media in education is a necessity nowadays. This is also an effect due to conditions of Covid-19 pandemic. Although there is a stigma that digital media has an unfavorable impact on the student learning process, technological developments also support creative concepts that can be used at the educational level. Based on these conditions, the idea emerged to develop an educational media based on boardgames to provide a learning process. In this study, researchers chose a general topic as the basis for the content of the boardgame, which is Indonesian culture. This topic was chosen considering the need for the younger generation to understand about Indonesian culture as their homeland. The research method in finding content is collecting data about Indonesian culture from books and the internet. While the design development uses qualitative methods as the basis for thinking. In this development, the resulting prototype is a combination of designs on paper and the use of smartphones in the explanation process using Augmented Reality technology. It is hoped that this prototype can become a design that attracts the interest of the younger generation to learn about their own culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the use of software that works with Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology by students, teachers, and lecturers in Indonesia. A total of 166 respondents from 51 institutions in 12 provinces in Indonesia have participated in data collection through questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaire data were presented in percentage form, while interview data were analyzed using the purposive sampling technique. The analysis results show that most students are unfamiliar with NLP but have used the technology in various applications. Based on the data analysis, students and lecturers have commonly used Google translate and Grammarly. However, PoP and elicit applications useful for searching metadata for scientific papers are not widely known. VOS-Viewer and Nvivo as qualitative data processing applications have not been widely used. Thus, it is crucial to conduct training on using the applications mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim/Purpose ICT integration into classroom pedagogical practices is considered an essential aspect of learning processes in developed countries but there are issues in developing countries regarding funding, infrastructure, access, and teacher skills and professional learning. This article presents some aspects of the findings of a study in one remote region within a developing country after the implementation of a widescale ICT initiative. This study investigates issues for implementing ICT in schools in relation to teacher and school leader attitudes, access and ICT use, and improvements needed in Papua which is one of the most remote regions of Indonesia. The paper frames these issues within the context of successful online learning initiatives in developing countries and foreign aid implementation literature, with these aspects being under-researched, especially in significantly remote developing country locations. Background Developing countries like Indonesia have progressively introduced online learning into school management and classrooms within government planning frameworks and with initial support from foreign aid providers. While there is research available regarding ICT implementation in more urbanized contexts within developing countries, there is a gap in terms of large-scale research which is focused on more remote regions and is supported by foreign aid. Methodology Mixed methods including surveys and interviews were used to investigate research questions concerning teachers' and principals' attitudes, ICT access and use, and perceptions about improvements needed. SPSS software was used for surveys and descriptive analysis, and interviews were analysed through manual coding processes. Contribution ICT access and e-learning in schools are increasingly becoming relevant in developing country contexts, and this research paper is a preliminary largescale study that makes a contribution through highlighting issues experienced in more remote locations. This includes specific internet and power issues and transport inaccessibility problems, which highlight the need for locally-based and ongoing coaching of teachers within schools and regions. The paper also draws on the literature about online learning in developing countries and foreign aid towards some possible success directions in isolated contexts, an under-researched area. The importance of education systems establishing ICT skills levels for students integrated across subjects, for well-coordinated planning involving partnerships with hardware and internet providers, as well as the need for school leaders being trained in establishing teacher peer support groups for ongoing coaching, are learnings for Papua and other remote locations from the comparative developing countries literature Findings The findings highlight teachers' and school leaders' positive attitudes to ICT in education, although the results indicate that ICT was frequently applied for administrative purposes rather than for teaching and learning. Principals and teachers highlighted some improvements that were needed including systematic training in computer skills and professional learning about the integration of ICT with teaching and learning, especially in relation to pedagogical practices, as well as the need for improved infrastructure and equipment. Recommendations for Practitioners The study highlights issues and potential success factors as evident in remote regions of developing countries that have achieved recognition for widescale ICT implementation in schools. This includes issues in relation to policy makers and education authorities working with foreign aid funders. Of significant importance is the need for coordinated and collaborative strategic planning including in relation to sustained professional learning towards student-oriented ICT pedagogies and skilling principals to establish a positive culture and teacher peer coaching. Particularly relevant to developing countries in remote locations is the importance of additionally addressing specific infrastructure and maintenance issues. Recommendations for Researchers Regarding ICT and its use for student learning, more research is needed in developing countries and, in particular, in more remote locations where specific issues, differing from those encountered in capital cities, may be evident for teachers and principals. Impact on Society Teachers and principals in remote locations of Indonesia such as Papua have generally positive attitudes about the benefits of online learning but need greater ICT access for students in the classroom and also professional development regarding pedagogical practices to support students in learning effectively through online processes. Future Research Updated and more detailed comparative research with other developing countries, especially those with remote locations, would be beneficial to more comprehensively identify Papua's current stage of development and to design appropriate future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an implementation instrument for conservative, creative, and critical-evaluative functions, the curriculum should continue to be analyzed for its contextualization of the reality of a situation and condition. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, the teaching and learning process has undergone significant changes both globally and specifically in Indonesia. As a form of concrete steps, the Government has enacted a policy for the implementation of online learning in the network (online). Islamic education in schools that mainstream appreciation of religious values, when faced with the existing reality in the form of online learning media raises a few questions about its efficiency and effectiveness. This paper tries to present the results of research on Islamic Religious Education learning strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic qualitatively with a focus on studies at the Elementary School Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) level. The relevance between curriculum devices in the explanations given by both education experts and legislation is carried out in a comprehensive analysis. The findings in this study, there is a strong relevance between the material in the learning curriculum of Elementary School/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah to learning strategies that use online media in their learning tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyzes research trends related to tsunami education and mitigation through bibliometric analyses, and explores the level of contributions of Indonesian researchers in the Scopus database. A total of 1293 documents were identified by this analysis, with 201 originating from Indonesia. The results showed that scientific publications related to tsunami education and mitigation have increased significantly, and that United States has published most of such papers. At the same time, the institution that won a lead role was Tohoku University, in Japan. Three institutions from Indonesia are ranked seventh, fourteenth, and fifteenth, namely the Bandung Institute of Technology, the University of Indonesia, and the University of Gadjah Mada. The most prolific author on this topic is N. Tanaka. Visualization of research trends on tsunami education and mitigation resulted in four clusters: (1) Tsunami waves; (2) Tsunami problems and monitoring; (3) Tsunami early warning systems; (4) Preparedness in dealing with tsunamis, and in the post-tsunami recovery process. The present research can help in the identification of trends related to tsunami education and tsunami impact mitigation, as well as in worldwide development in providing an overview for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is the second most linguistically diverse nation in the world. It has established its reputation as one of the largest markets of English language education. This paper examines the context of multilingualism in Indonesia in relation to the increasingly dominant role of English from my viewpoint as a researcher. I begin the paper by outlining how Indonesia is currently adapting to the role of English as a global language. I then discuss the position of English within the linguistic ecology of the country, highlighting how its promotion in the educational system adversely affects the maintenance of the indigenous and heritage languages. Finally, I point to the need for deliberate action in education that promotes multilingualism. I argue for a redirection in the Indonesian educational system towards multilingual education in order to ensure the preservation of the indigenous and heritage languages while adopting English as a Lingua Franca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is home to the world's largest Muslim population. In contrast to much of the Middle East, veiling in Indonesia is neither a deeply rooted cultural practice, nor it is universally practised among Muslim women. Just 30 years ago it was rare to see an Indonesian woman wearing a hijab or veil. Today, veiling has become a relatively common practice, particularly among middle-class Muslim women living in urban areas. Although statistics on the prevalence of veiling are scant, the fact of growing use of headscarves is widely accepted in the literature. This paper examines sociodemographic correlates of veiling among young women in the capital region of Indonesia. We analyse a representative sample of 1443 Muslim women aged 20-34 in Greater Jakarta in 2010. About 26% of the women surveyed wore the veil. We found a moderately strong association between veiling and other measures of religiosity, including self-reported subjective religiosity and frequency of reading religious texts. Our multivariate analysis suggests a positive association between educational attainment and the likelihood of veiling among young Muslim women. In discussing these findings, we draw upon the qualitative component of our study and the literature on Islam, gender, and modernity in Indonesia. The paper highlights the difficulty encountered examining the practice of veiling as a binary choice, and as a measure of religiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease pandemic has led to exponentially greater screen time and technology utilization. The Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue (ZEF) scale is a diagnostic measure developed to identify zoom fatigue arising from excessive screen time. The language barrier, however, has prevented its implementation in Indonesia. This paper thus investigated the validity and reliability of a Bahasa Indonesia diagnostic instrument, ZEF-I. This study generated a ZEF-I translation through the World Health Organization (WHO)-Euro-Reves technique. RASCH and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the scale based on data from 300 participants were undertaken. The reliability and validity of the ZEF-I were specifically assessed with the separation index, Cronbach's alpha, content validation index as well as Pearson and corrected-item correlations. The model showed adequate reliability and validity of the ZEF-I as well as favorable goodness-of-fit indexes and fit indices. The fit-misfit statistics also preserved all 15 items on the translated instrument. Among fatigued students, the blurred vision item was the most frequently endorsed, while the need for self-time was the least endorsed item. This study developed and validated an Indonesian translation of the zoom fatigue questionnaire. ZEF-I is an appropriate zoom fatigue assessment instrument for Indonesian university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia faces serious problems in the number, cost, quality and distribution of teachers. In recent years, its central government has introduced a range of reforms to address these problems but they have produced modest results. This paper suggests that this outcome reflects the way in which predatory political and bureaucratic elites have used the school system for decades to accumulate resources, distribute patronage, mobilize political support, and exercise political control rather than promote improved learning outcomes. Efforts to reduce teacher numbers, enhance teacher quality, and improve teacher distribution have accordingly constituted an assault on the interests of these elites, provoking powerful, if often subterranean, resistance. Broadly, reform has only occurred where the central government has employed policy instruments that have disciplined local governments and maintained a commitment to these instruments in the face of resistance. The paper concludes by assessing the implications for Indonesian education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide information on the perspectives, practices and challenges of the school supervision in the Indonesian education system. The paper reviewed and analyzed the organizational structure of supervision services in the Indonesian educational system, as well as types of supervisions; purpose of supervisions and supervisor roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, the paper explores the selection of supervisors and tenure; resourcing and training of school supervisors. A detailed analysis of the role of stakeholders in supervision activities and feedback mechanisms of the result of school supervision is also included in this paper. Finally, the paper also discuss and examine major challenges face by school supervisor and opportunities of school supervision in Indonesia and the way forward as suggestion/recommendation of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concern about using multimedia technology for virtual education with a puzzle for early childhood in Indonesia. A game is focused on the introduction of objects around the neighborhood by showing images that Generate Automatic can adjust the child's condition aggressive or not aggressive. It plays with android tab device to knowing respond of early childhood. This is due to early childhood conditions. In some cases, children have normal cognitive abilities of children with a different special character that has the capability of learning is slower. A game shows a question to a parent first. The level of games is from 0-1, 1-2, and 2-3 based on years old of early childhood. This study has the challenge to develop educational game conditions. As in the design phase, the visualization of colors, shapes, and the introduction of rules that will be applied to the system. In this paper, we present to make early childhood became more relaxed and not aggressive in these educational games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports on the results of a study aiming to investigate the cohesion of exposition texts written by eleventh graders of a school in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The study used a qualitative case study research design, especially text analysis, involving 32 students. In the interest of space, the paper will present the data obtained from six texts written by 6 students, representing low, mid, and high achievers. The texts were analyzed using systemic functional linguistics (SFL), especially in terms of schematic structure and linguistic features, especially those contributing to the cohesion of the texts, such as Theme progression and cohesive devices. The results show that all texts show students' grasp and understanding of the schematic structure of an exposition, including thesis, argument, and restatement of the thesis. All texts also successfully use the zig-zag and the Theme reiteration patterns, which indicate the students' emerging capacity to create a text with cohesion at the clause level. However, only texts written by high achievers employ the multiple Theme pattern, indicating the students' emerging capacity to create a text with better sense of connectedness, unity, and flow of information at the global level. High achiever texts also employ discourse features which allow the reader to predict how the text will unfold and guide them to a line of understanding of a text as a whole. Moreover, in terms of cohesive devices, all texts use some simple cohesive devices--reference, lexical cohesion, and conjunction. It should be mentioned that all texts are rudimentary with some inappropriate word choices and grammatical problems. This suggests that the students still needed more guidance and time to do research on the topic in focus, to go through the process of writing as professional do, to allow them to create a better text with more elaboration and characteristics of written language with consistency and accuracy. It is recommended that further research on different perspectives and foci of analysis of different text types using systemic functional linguistics, with more representative samples, and studies on the teaching of writing be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines United States-Indonesian cooperation in the training of Indonesian teachers during the early decades of the Cold War. Indonesia badly needed teachers but the government's efforts to train new teachers were hampered by the tremendous lack of teachers who could train new teachers. The aid provided by the United States enabled the Indonesian government to send its prospective teachers to study in the United States and to have American educationists help develop teachers' colleges in Indonesia. How far did the decolonisation of teacher training and the making of a new education standard in postcolonial Indonesia reflect the conflicting ideological undertones and the US strategy of the Cold War? This paper argues that the US-Indonesian cooperation in teacher training marked a significant stage in the decolonisation of Indonesia. Yet, it also fostered the US cultural strategy of the Cold War in Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Health cadres have a key role in building awareness related to irrational antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. Cadres help to bridge the gap between the shortage of health professionals and the need to reach the broader population. This study aimed to identify cadres' background, antibiotic knowledge and attitudes in an Indonesian setting. Methodology: A paper-based questionnaire survey was validated and conducted among purposefully selected cadres attending a seminar in Malang Indonesia. A 5-point Likert scale was used to identify attitudes, while true/false statements determined their knowledge. A total of 112 cadres responded, giving a 100% response rate. Results: The majority had been cadres for >2 years with previous counseling experience. Their attitudes on antibiotic use, were shown by the lower levels of disagreement to the statements "when I get a sore throat, I prefer to use antibiotics" (37.5%); "I would take antibiotics if I have had a cough for more than one week" (41.1%); and, "when I get influenza, I would take antibiotics to help me recover sooner" (47.3%), within the "indications" domain. For knowledge, lower scores were reported for domains related to "indications" (mean 1.49 ± 0.82/3), "resistance" (mean 1.06 ± 0.94/3), and "storage and disposal" (mean 1.23 ± 0.78/3). Conclusions: These findings indicated a need to improve cadres' attitudes and knowledge prior their involvement as change agents for improving the rational use of antibiotics to minimise antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares state Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia and Malaysia by using Islamic education curriculum for senior high schools as my case study. I argue that Malaysian Islamic Development Agency (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, JAKIM) in Malaysia has been more successful in exerting its orthodox values in the Islamic education curriculum than its counterpart Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) due to three factors: clear institutional objective; ideological cohesion among state institutions overseeing Islamic education; and patterns of Islamisation in the society that provide a conducive milieu for such orthodox ideals to thrive. In this paper I limit the scope of time and space to state Islamic orthodoxy in Indonesia and Malaysia from the late 1970s to present. I then choose three common topics found in Islamic education curriculum for senior high schools in Indonesia and Malaysia - pluralism/freedom of religion, marriage, and civic responsibility/governance - as examples of JAKIM's ideological dominance in Malaysia and the multifaceted nature found in Indonesian state Islamic orthodoxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper gives a new perspective about pesantren (Islamic boarding school) as the source of peace education in Indonesia using three concepts; First is a collective opinion that reflected in the UN Declaration of Culture of Peace, second is the definition of peace education based on peace and conflict resolution studies, and third is the historical side of Islam in Indonesia. To explain the main idea about pesantren as the source of peace education, this paper uses the qualitative method in analyzing the data from interviews in some pesantren in Madura Island in 2014. This paper constructs a hypothesis that pesantren is the unique source and very potential for creating Indonesian peace leaders in the future. This idea is simply coming from common sense that Muslims majority in Indonesia send their children to the pesantren to have a good education and good manner as well. But on the other side, some pesantren precisely create some radicals, so I would like to uphold this issue by telling the Union European historical experience to handle radicalises through peace education by harmonising state-religion relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia always continually failed international assessments even though many efforts have been made. The results of PISA 2012 put Indonesian students in the worst position. In contrast, East Asian countries' performance well in mathematics, reading, and science. Indeed, Singapore has the best performance in the Southeast Asia region even in the world as well as Shanghai-China. The position of Indonesia is lower than Viet Nam, Thailand, and Malaysia in South-East Asia. Therefore, by carrying out a literature review, this paper analyzes what is happening in Indonesia beyond assessment, especially in science. Assessment reform from the above East Asian countries was also depicted to complete the discussion. Thus, this paper not only analyzed the lack of science content in Indonesia compared to other countries, but also described some lessons that can be drawn in relation to the content tested in the PISA science test from East-Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the well-publicised risks, millions of Indonesian women labour abroad as domestic workers, where they face significant risks. By offering community education and current information on migration, Indonesian non-governmental organisations (ngos) attempt to mitigate these risks. Yet, interviews with migrant workers and ngos reveal that rather than seeking out migration information from government or ngo sources, women instead rely on fate and the information they receive from the middlemen who are paid to recruit women for work abroad. This paper, which is based on ten months of fieldwork in Java, focuses on the centrality of fate in women's migration narratives. This paper examines how women's belief in fate helps them explain their position in the migration industry and their ability to control the outcomes of their migration decisions. In addition, this paper analyses why migration authorities take up the language of fate and the challenges this presents to education and activist projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to answer why Kawaluso Island peoples have an orientation to send their children to a higher level. Kawaluso Island as one of the islands in the RI-Philippines border region, like other border areas, has problems in the field of education, both access and infrastructure. This study uses ethnographic methods as part of qualitative research making researchers as the main instrument. Data collection uses participatory observation where the researcher is involved in the activities of the community under study. The findings in this study are that school and prestige for parents (Kawaluso peoples) become discourses that cannot be separated from one and another. A form of recognition or prestige for parent, who are able to send their children to a higher level, is one of the practices of denial of economic practices. Nevertheless, the process of recognizing parents in achieving educational attainment by children, at the same time also benefits economically. The economic benefit in question is when Kawaluso residents who have finished school are able to carry out a process of vertical social mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies challenges that English as a foreign language (EFL) novice teachers in Indonesia may face in developing a professional identity, which, in this paper, refers to becoming a practitioner of cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is a mandated teaching method both in the 2006 and 2013 Indonesian curriculum, and is under the umbrella of Communicative Language Teaching approach that has been adopted by English instruction in Indonesia since 1980s. This approach stresses interaction between language learners and the use of the target language in this interaction. Drawing on four related theories of development of selves (Wenger's Concepts of Community of Practice, Lave and Wenger's Concepts of Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Gee's Sociocultural Views of Identity, and Holland, Lachicotte, Skinner, and Cain's Concepts of Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds), four challenges to the development of the target professional identity are identified: (1) the unavailability of community of cooperative learning practitioners, (2) hegemony vs. identity development, (3) agency in the midst of tensions, and (4) institutional identity vs. professional identity. These interconnected and overlapping challenges suggest novice EFL teachers to possess agency to attain the target identity and suggest teacher education programs to equip their student teachers with knowledge and skills of teacher identity development and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are numerous researchers studying the substance of innovation in an organisation. Teamwork is always the essential part of innovation in organisation; in other words, good teamwork is an important ingredient in achieving innovation. In higher education institutions, many strategies have been implemented to achieve innovation. This paper uses the Team Quality Construct (TWQ) from Hoegl and Gemuenden (2001), which highlights several factors namely, communication, mutual support and balance between member contributions, coordination, effort and cohesion as being other essential qualities for the generation of innovation. In addition, this paper examines the relationship between teamwork and innovation by using TWQ and the Innovation Competency Development (INCODE) assessment at BINUS University International. INCODE is a form of assessment that has been implemented in BINUS' Project Hatcheiy classes for first-semester students from diverse academic backgrounds. The results of the study have signified the role of teamwork as a construct that influences innovation significantly. The study showed that there were no differences in respondents' perception of teamwork among students enrolled in different programmes included in the sample population. This proved that teamwork can be considered as the main contributing factor in innovation generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a speciality practice area, neuroscience nursing is internationally recognised. In 2014 the Australasian Neuroscience Nurses Association celebrated its 40th anniversary. For Indonesian neuroscience nurses, 2014 marked the inaguration of the Indonesian Neuroscience Nurses Association. The following paper provides an overview of health care in Indonesia and development of neuroscience nursing as a specialty through educational and regional collaboration. Postgraduate educational opportunities are open to all nurses in Australia, including neuroscience as a specialty for nurses. However within Indonesia, the focus has been on meeting basic nursing demands, with postgraduate specialisation still in its infancy. The focus on training and producing large numbers of nurses at a basic level has resulted in little regard for the ongoing development and acknowledgement of speciality practice areas, such as neuroscience nursing. The following paper outlines the challenges faced by Indonesian nurses as they strive towards the recognition of neuroscience nursing as a speciality. Through the provision of an overview of current nursing and the health care system in Indonesia, this paper will explore the geographical, economic, political and cultural factors that require consideration when translating experience and expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the Indonesian Family Life Survey to estimate the relationship between height and happiness in a developing country, Indonesia. This paper finds that tall men and women are happier than their short counterparts and that the magnitude of the relationship is large. More important, a parsimonious set of channels is identified to substantially explain the relationship between height and happiness: education and earnings for men, and education and relative position of earnings for women. However, for men but not for women, height still exhibits a non-negligible relationship with happiness even after controlling for an extensive array of covariates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education abruptly adhered to Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) as a way to return to classes. This paper aims to analyze how DICT during the pandemic. The methodology was a Systematic Literature Review to identify articles on the theme and were selected 36 articles related to the research objective. The results show a predominance of qualitative and empirical studies on DICT and address the impacts of the transition from classroom teaching to remote teaching, the challenges, and the possibilities regarding their use in education. On the origin, most studies are from China and Indonesia. About the public, studies with university students stand out. Thus, the use of DICT in education was a major challenge. Teachers and students did not use DICT more intensively for teaching and learning before the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to describe the role of Islamic boarding school education (Pondok pesantren) in shaping the inclusive mentality and religious ideology of the community, especially in university professors. The results of the study show that teachers with experience in Islamic boarding schools have an inclusive religious ideology. The data shows that 95% of these teachers recognize the reality outside of schools and groups. Eighty percent are tolerant in religion or practice fiqh. Sixty-five percent do not agree with the khilafah, and thirty percent believe that it is difficult to implement the khilafah in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that recent inter-religious conflict in Indonesia highlights a need for the education system to address problems of religious intolerance through religious education and the religious culture in schools. The position of religion vis-à-vis the state and education indicates that such action is appropriate in the Indonesian context. The paper analyses approaches to inter-faith education and education for religious tolerance globally, and addresses some of the issues that arise. It then turns to Indonesia, outlining the curricula for religion as a school subject and recent changes in the education system. The ethnographic section of the paper examines how three exceptional private faith schools -- one Islamic and two Catholic -- in Yogyakarta and West Sumatra offer new ways of teaching inter-religious tolerance. The paper demonstrates how religious education in schools can foster inter-religious tolerance and understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural disappearance in the social order is one of the concerns in Indonesia nowadays, one of which is Sundanese culture. In addition, the crash of globalization also requires people to be inspired by learning many aspects away from their own culture. This paper aims at increasing the position of ethno mathematics learning in attractive the disposition modeling of mathematics while maintaining the traditional culture. This quantitative study applied the Rasch Wins Step Model to survey 90 elementary pre-service elementary teachers education students as the respondents in which they were grouped based on educational background, namely science or non-science, and Sundanese language ability background, and by Sundanese and non-Sundanese language, based on educational background, 59 respondents were the students of natural science class, and 31 respondents were not the students of natural science class and consisting of 42 Sundanese respondents and 48 non-Sundanese respondents. The data were gathered by means of questionnaires regarding mathematics modeling disposition. The consequences exposed that most students decided to increase mathematics modeling disposition with ethno mathematics learning because student curiosity increases the understanding of Sundanese culture in learning mathematics. The more ordinary science and Sundanese origin support ethno mathematics learning compared to non-science and non-Sundanese mathematics modeling disposition. Mathematical modeling activities will be more meaningful for students if they use culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies show educated citizens are more likely to vote in elections but few papers look at the relationship in developing countries and even fewer analyze whether the relationship is causal. I examine whether education increases voter turnout and makes better-informed voters in Indonesia using an exogenous variation in education induced by an extension of Indonesia's school term length, which fits a fuzzy regression discontinuity design. The longer school year increases education, but I do not find education increases voter turnout; it does not seem to affect voters' views of political candidates' religion, ethnicity, or gender when they vote either. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of human capital on economic growth in both a quantitative context as well as a qualitative one. The empirical assessment focuses on a subnational Indonesian dataset with wide spatial diversity by using two different approaches: (1) production function estimates using panel data and (2) conditional convergence equation estimates of cross-sectional observations, with national examination results used as a proxy of education quality. The study's results suggest that human capital is a main driver for economic growth. This conclusion explains major variations in medium-term economic growth across subnational units and also underscores the importance of investing in human capital. The empirical estimates indicate the followings: (1) elasticity of human capital to economic growth varies across regions, which may be related to the share of the manufacturing sector, and (2) quantitative measures of human capital (e.g., years of schooling) are important for economic growth. However, cognitive skills are a more significant factor because they are derived from the quality of human capital investment. Therefore, while we suggest that school enrollment is important, high-quality educational infrastructure and a curriculum that focuses on enhancing cognitive skills are key to ensuring higher economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will explore the theoretical underpinnings that present a rationale for the use of critical pedagogy as an English Language Teaching (ELT) approach in Indonesia. A brief description of critical pedagogy is given, followed by a detailed rationale for its use including an overview of critical pedagogy studies done in Asia, an exploration of the curriculum and teaching approach decreed by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, and calls for critical pedagogy by Indonesian scholars and teachers. This paper will conclude with some beginning steps that can be undertaken by teachers who want to implement a more critical approach to teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality assurance is nowadays becoming a central theme in higher education. Like in other developing countries, in Indonesia quality assurance in higher education is one of the main concerns of the government. Since 1994 the Government of Indonesia has established the National Accreditation Board for Higher Education (Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi: BAN-PT), which has main task and responsibility to evaluate the quality of study programs of state and private universities in Indonesia and to a certain extent, reflects external quality assurance process. This paper presents the information regarding the result of assessment on the implementation of internal quality assurance at higher education in Indonesia. The paper also presents some of the experiences of State University of Gorontalo (Universitas Negeri Gorontalo-UNG) by implementing the internal quality assurance activities and finally recommendations for developing of the quality assurance from organization of the external evaluation towards institutional (internal) systems, in order to build the quality culture in higher education in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some important aspects of returns to education in Indonesia have been neglected. This paper draws on the Indonesia Family Life Survey, a longitudinal survey, to shed some light on these aspects. This paper finds in a Mincerian specification that a more recent rate of return is in line with the rates found in previous research. A quantile regression is applied to show that the rate varies little in the conditional distribution of earnings, which stands in stark contrast to findings from some developed countries. In addition, the rate of return in self-employment is estimated to be lower than that in paid employment for person- and sector-specific reasons. In addition to monetary returns to education, happiness returns to education are considered. This paper advances evidence that education has important and robust implications for happiness above and beyond absolute and relative levels of income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the current school-based management (SBM) policy reform in Indonesia, with an emphasis on the impacts of shifting authority and responsibility to school level, as well as challenges confronted by the school council members, followed by remedial measures to minimize the problems. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employed a mixed-method research design comprising an extensive empirical survey followed by semi-structured and focused group interviews and examination of relevant documents. The data reported here are on the basis of an empirical survey involving 504 school council members from Ngada-Flores, followed by 42 interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) with all relevant stakeholders. Findings – The research findings demonstrate how devolution of power and authority to school level can create partnership in participatory school decision making in terms of setting a school mission, shared-vision, annual programs, school budget, school textbooks, school buildings, school-based curriculum and even students' discipline policies. In turn, devolving power and authority to school level has created several changes in schools, including in-school culture changes, and increased participation of school communities. These factors have led to the improvements in teaching-learning environments and student achievements. Research limitations/implications – The findings of this study are specific to the context of Ngada-Flores, Indonesia. The possibility for the general applicability of the findings is limited by the scope, the sample, and the cultural context of this study. Accordingly, even though there could be common features, the findings may not have general applicability to other systems. Practical implications – The paper suggests that capacity building in school level is required for the effective implementation of SBM policies and programs, including in-service training, regular professional development sessions and workshops on effective school leadership and management, as well as school development planning. Originality/value – This paper could be significant because of the absence of similar studies in the Indonesian context. The findings could be helpful in informing practitioners, the local and national authorities and all those interested in school education on how SBM with devolution of power and authority to school-level decision makers assists in-school improvements and student achievements, as well as problems and challenges confronted by school leaders in the implementation of SBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the pedagogical beliefs of practicing teachers in two countries--Indonesia and Australia. It investigates what teachers deem to be important in planning and implementing teaching for effective student experiences in the classroom. Pedagogical beliefs are directly related to teachers' decision-making in planning and implementing their teaching; thus, they are directly relevant to attempts to understand and reform practice. In this study, pedagogical beliefs are constructed along the dimensions of Productive Pedagogy, a teaching framework developed in Australia and is increasingly used as research and professional development tool in a variety of educational settings. This paper argues that the main benefit of this type of research is not the measurement of teachers' beliefs but the potential of leading to action to improve teaching. It is hoped that further research might not only look at measuring beliefs but understanding of the contextual factors that give rise to these and to conduct interventions to change these towards improving practice. This study points to the observation that a universal program that is designed to reform teachers' beliefs and actions in teaching cannot be one-size-fits-all. It has to take local conditions into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes advantage of a regional corruption measure to assess the impact of corruption on the effectiveness of public spending in the education sector in Indonesia, one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Two sets of outcomes are considered: school enrolment rates and school performance in national examinations. Public spending appears to have a negligible effect on school enrolment in highly corrupt regions, but a statistically significant, positive and relatively large effect in less corrupt regions. In contrast, public spending has no significant effect on school performance. The main lesson from this paper is that pouring more public funds into the education system is unlikely to bring about improvement unless it is accompanied by efforts to improve governance in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is process that aims to produce competent graduates. A learning plan which is famous as curriculum is needed to produce competent graduates. Curriculum described as all materials and all experiences that provided to students during doing education process in school. The process to serve all the materials and also experiences to the students called curriculum implementation. The better quality of curriculum implementation, the better quality of school graduates. Therefore, the factors that influence curriculum implementation need to identified. For getting data about the factors that influence curriculum implementation, the author was conducted a qualitative study at sport class in The Public Senior High School I of Sewon, Bantul. This paper present the result of the study that the inhibiting factors of curriculum implementation include: the low of teacher commitment and the uniqueness of sport class student's characteristics. Meanwhile, the supporting factors of curriculum implementation includes: the teacher's competence, the teacher's commitment, the courage of sport class students, and the collaboration between teacher and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]