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Background: Health education programs can enhance self-efficacy and disaster preparedness. However, research incorporating the Health Belief Model (HBM) in education for infectious disasters is lacking. Aims: Examine the effectiveness of an HBM-based education program on self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported preparedness for infectious disasters in rural populations. Methods: In total, 109 eligible participants were allocated to two groups: participants who received HBM-based education (n = 55) or regular education (n = 54), presented at in-person meetings, with individual follow-up conducted on WhatsApp. Self-reported self-efficacy and preparedness for infectious disasters in both groups were measured at 4 and 8 weeks. Findings: Participants showed a significant interaction between groups and in time to increase in self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported preparedness to deal with infectious disasters. After 4 and 8 weeks, the groups had statistically significant differences (p ≤.001) in all outcome measures. Conclusion: HBM-based education was associated with increased self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported infectious disaster preparedness among the rural population. Follow-up by nurses is essential to implementing continuing health belief education programs to enhance rural populations' self-efficacy and infectious disaster preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2015, sustainable development has become the leading goal of all development at the global level. Human development is a crucial aspect of sustainable development planning and strategies. This study analyzes the impact of public policies on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 34 Indonesian provinces from 2015-2020. The study examines budget allocations for education, health, general allocation funds, population, and employment factors. This study employs panel data regression models for different province groups, including all provinces, non-expansion provinces, and expansion provinces. The results indicate that the education budget and population have a positive effect on HDI, while the health budget does not affect HDI in any of the models. However, the general allocation of funds and labor force participation rate have different effects in different models. Therefore, it is suggested that education policies have had more impact than health policies on improving human capital in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is process that aims to produce competent graduates. A learning plan which is famous as curriculum is needed to produce competent graduates. Curriculum described as all materials and all experiences that provided to students during doing education process in school. The process to serve all the materials and also experiences to the students called curriculum implementation. The better quality of curriculum implementation, the better quality of school graduates. Therefore, the factors that influence curriculum implementation need to identified. For getting data about the factors that influence curriculum implementation, the author was conducted a qualitative study at sport class in The Public Senior High School I of Sewon, Bantul. This paper present the result of the study that the inhibiting factors of curriculum implementation include: the low of teacher commitment and the uniqueness of sport class student's characteristics. Meanwhile, the supporting factors of curriculum implementation includes: the teacher's competence, the teacher's commitment, the courage of sport class students, and the collaboration between teacher and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For countries to contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 3.1 of reducing the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030, identifying the drivers of maternal mortality is critically important. The ability of countries to identify the key drivers is however hampered by the lack of data sources with sufficient observations of maternal death to allow a rigorous analysis of its determinants. This paper overcomes this problem by utilising census data. In the context of Indonesia, we merge individual-level data on pregnancy-related deaths and households’ socio-economic status from the 2010 Indonesian population census with detailed data on the availability and quality of local health services from the Village Census. We use these data to test the hypothesis that health service access and quality are important determinants of maternal death and explain the differences between high maternal mortality and low maternal mortality provinces. Methods: The 2010 Indonesian Population Census identifies 8075 pregnancy-related deaths and 5,866,791 live births. Multilevel logistic regression is used to analyse the impacts of demographic characteristics and the existence of, distance to and quality of health services on the likelihood of maternal death. Decomposition analysis quantifies the extent to which the difference in maternal mortality ratios between high and low performing provinces can be explained by demographic and health service characteristics. Findings: Health service access and characteristics account for 23% (CI: 17.2% to 28.5%) of the difference in maternal mortality ratios between high and low-performing provinces. The most important contributors are the number of doctors working at the community health centre (8.6%), the number of doctors in the village (6.9%) and distance to the nearest hospital (5.9%). Distance to health clinics and the number of midwives at community health centres and village health posts are not significant contributors, nor is socio-economic status. If the same level of access to doctors and hospitals in lower maternal mortality Java-Bali was provided to the higher maternal mortality Outer Islands of Indonesia, our model predicts 44 deaths would be averted per 100,000 pregnancies. Conclusion: Indonesia has employed a strategy over the past several decades of increasing the supply of midwives as a way of decreasing maternal mortality. While there is evidence of reductions in maternal mortality continuing to accrue from the provision of midwife services at village health posts, our findings suggest that further reductions in maternal mortality in Indonesia may require a change of focus to increasing the supply of doctors and access to hospitals. If data on maternal death is collected in a subsequent census, future research using two waves of census data would prove a useful validation of the results found here. Similar research using census data from other countries is also likely to be fruitful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the impact of increase primary school access on human capital's intergenerational transmission in Indonesia as of May 2019. Topics include the studies suggesting that social interventions can improve childhood environments, Indonesia's school construction program INPRES, and variations in the program's implementation nationwide. Also discussed are Indonesia's educational system and the Indonesian Family Life Survey.

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura is the property of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do justiciable legal frameworks for the protection of human rights (JLFPHR) promote the realisation of human rights? This paper considers this question by examining a set of recent Indonesian court cases related to the right to education. It argues that citizens in these cases successfully used Constitutional provisions related to education rights to challenge government policies that undermined these rights because: (i) they encountered judges sympathetic to their cause; (ii) they had access to support structures for legal mobilisation (SSLMs); and (iii) they engaged in simultaneous political mobilisation that created a broader political climate conducive to judicial activism and policy change. As such, it is argued, these cases confirm comparative findings that judicial activism and SSLMs are important preconditions for JLFPHR to contribute to the realisation of human rights through courts, at least in contexts where court cases are costly; and point to the important role that political mobilisation can play in creating a broader political climate favourable to judicial activism and policy change. In policy terms, the implication is that JLFPHR need to be accompanied by efforts to nurture SSLMs, judicial activism and strategies that blend legal and political mobilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a rich longitudinal dataset to measure the evolution of the gender differences in numeracy among school-age children in Indonesia. Girls outperformed boys by 0.08 standard deviations when the sample was around 11 years old. Seven years later, the gap has widened to 0.19 standard deviations, equivalent to around 18 months of schooling. I find no evidence that households invest more resources in girls relative to boys. However, there is suggestive evidence that schools play a role in fostering the gender gap in numeracy. Given the importance of numeracy in later life, there may be some scope for public policies to address the widening numeracy gap between genders. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the key determinants of effective school-based management (SBM) for improved teaching−learning environments and student achievements, while identifying the major reasons as to why poor implementation of SBM is associated with lower student achievements.Design/methodology/approach Both dimensions of quantitative and qualitative research were applied for the purpose of this study with active participation of 334 school stakeholders, including principals, teachers, parents, and school council members. In addition to the survey, 33 Interviews and FGDs were conducted with the participation of 61 key informants. These were followed by an examination of school documents, including students’ national examination results.Findings This study concludes that SBM drives the emergence of decision-making authority of principals, the presence of participatory school decision-making, and high involvement of school council for better teaching and learning environments. In turn, effective implementation of SBM policy is associated with healthier teaching−learning environment and better student academic achievements. However, less effective implementation of SBM is due to lack of proper understanding of the school stakeholders that resulted in lower academic achievement.Practical implications Adequate provisions of training on the part of school council members and school principals are required for significant results of SBM policy and programs for improved teaching–learning environment and increased student achievements. The training focuses on, among others: school leadership, school development planning and changing roles of school leaders under SBM reform.Originality/value This study builds on global and Indonesian developments of the decentralized education through SBM model. This study is highly significant in addressing the current debates in existing literature about whether or not SBM has resulted in school improvements and higher student achievements. Practically, this study provides adequate insight to educational leaders, policy makers and international donor agencies in demonstrating why SBM is effective in particular school settings as well as why SBM policy and programs are not effectively implemented in other schools that resulted in lower student achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a study of civics education, conducted in a public Junior Secondary School in Jakarta, Indonesia. Civics education plays an important role in students' engagement in human rights issues and problems, and leads to active participation in society. The Indonesia government has an educational policy for the implementation of civics education in schools through curricula integration. Students study civics education to increase critical appreciation of social and human rights realities. This qualitative study was conducted using interviews and observations in a civics education classroom. The researcher worked with 15 Year 2 students and their teacher over four meetings of 135 minutes each. In this study, teachers provided opportunities for students to engage in active learning through discussion and reflection in case-based learning. The process not only transformed knowledge, but also developed a mutual respect between the teacher and student. The study found that civics education, through case-based learning improved student 'engagement and' critical voice. It also enabled the teachers' pedagogical practices engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early intervention programs are generally considered the most efficient and beneficial approach to providing support to struggling beginning readers. This paper discusses the theoretical background, development, and design of, as well as the first results obtained with, GraphoGame for Standard Indonesian, a technology-enhanced learning environment that trains the basic skills of reading by high but playful exposure to grapheme-phoneme coupling. The results of the pilot study assessing the usability of the program in 69 first-graders show that the more the students with low pre-test phonological skills were exposed to the game, the better their post-test performance on reading and decoding fluency became. Although large-scale, randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of GraphoGame SI, these promising first results may offer a stepping stone for the development of additional language versions and future systematic comparisons of the method’s results in different languages and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to fill several important research gaps on the socioeconomic determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices. In contrast to previous studies that have focused on the timely initiation and duration of breastfeeding, this article examines exclusive breastfeeding practices. Using data on 1138 children from the Indonesian Family Life Survey East 2012, we revisited to what extent mothers’ education levels and work in non-traditional sectors influence exclusive breastfeeding patterns. Furthermore, we investigated to what extent health-care demand and supply factors influence exclusive breastfeeding practices. Controlling for a wide range of individual, household, and community characteristics, our findings suggest that exclusive breastfeeding practices are affected positively by mothers’ education and negatively by mothers’ labour market participation in non-traditional employment contracts. Moreover, our results indicate that a higher availability and quality of health-care supply does not necessarily lead to better exclusive breastfeeding practices. Only when health-care supply was matched with a significant demand for such services, did we observe a higher chance for optimal exclusive breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates the effect of migrating permanently as a child from a rural area to an urban area; focusing on long-term educational attainment in Indonesia. We conduct a household survey specifically tailored to collect data on urban–rural migrants in four major migrant destination cities in Indonesia, and merge the data with a nationally representative survey to create a dataset that contains migrants in urban areas and non-migrants in rural areas who were born in the same rural districts. We find that individuals who migrated to the city as children attained three more years of education, compared to observably similar individuals who remained in rural areas. We find no gender differences in the benefit of childhood migration. Finally, age at migration and the size of network in the city do not significantly affect the educational attainment of childhood migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Early Childhood is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quality assurance is nowadays becoming a central theme in higher education. Like in other developing countries, in Indonesia quality assurance in higher education is one of the main concerns of the government. Since 1994 the Government of Indonesia has established the National Accreditation Board for Higher Education (Badan Akreditasi Nasional Perguruan Tinggi: BAN-PT), which has main task and responsibility to evaluate the quality of study programs of state and private universities in Indonesia and to a certain extent, reflects external quality assurance process. This paper presents the information regarding the result of assessment on the implementation of internal quality assurance at higher education in Indonesia. The paper also presents some of the experiences of State University of Gorontalo (Universitas Negeri Gorontalo-UNG) by implementing the internal quality assurance activities and finally recommendations for developing of the quality assurance from organization of the external evaluation towards institutional (internal) systems, in order to build the quality culture in higher education in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia faces serious problems in the number, cost, quality and distribution of teachers. In recent years, its central government has introduced a range of reforms to address these problems but they have produced modest results. This paper suggests that this outcome reflects the way in which predatory political and bureaucratic elites have used the school system for decades to accumulate resources, distribute patronage, mobilize political support, and exercise political control rather than promote improved learning outcomes. Efforts to reduce teacher numbers, enhance teacher quality, and improve teacher distribution have accordingly constituted an assault on the interests of these elites, provoking powerful, if often subterranean, resistance. Broadly, reform has only occurred where the central government has employed policy instruments that have disciplined local governments and maintained a commitment to these instruments in the face of resistance. The paper concludes by assessing the implications for Indonesian education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional and national interest in reforming teaching in Indonesia has seen governments, NGOs and education specialists combine to drive pedagogical changes among school teachers there. Results of these programs have been indifferent at best. This paper reports on teacher reform programs in Provinsi Papua, one of the most marginal societies in Indonesia. The Papuan Provincial Government, AusAID and an Australian University focused on bringing cohorts of secondary teachers and Principals for professional development to Australia. An evaluative, survey inquiry was conducted into the effectiveness of a series of AusAID (now DFAT Australian Aid) Scholarship programs on changing capacities and approaches of teachers and Principals at least eighteen months after their off-shore experience. Findings revealed significant changes in teaching practices, improved quality of teacher-student relationships and improved interactions with colleagues. We argue that our findings demonstrate an appetite for student-centred approaches to teaching and that off-shore programs may have important outcomes that larger scale, in-country programs fail to realise. This has implications for DFAT Australian Aid-funded and similar Scholarship programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we presented issues, challenges, and solutions of videoconference system for rural education. First, we discussed several issues on the implementation of videoconference system for education, particulary in rural area in Indonesia, which covered videoconference requirement, rural condition, and education needs. Second, we presented several challenges consisted of choosing videoconference technology, choosing compression method, system and application development, ensuring quality of services, and ensuring quality of experiences. Based on the issues and challenges, we proposed a solution of videoconference system which is specifically deployed in rural education. The solution was based on WebRTC technology implemented in Intel i5 core miniPC choosen to increase portability of the system. A STUN server was built on Javascript to facilitate communication between each client terminal. A simple and intuitive user interface was designed to facilitate the use of application by rural people. The system was deployed at two elementary schools in Cianjur, West Java, representing rural education in Indonesia. From the experiment, we obtained video sent data rate 82 kbit/s, video received data rate 245 kbit/s, average delay 316 ms and packet lost rate 1.32%. The experiment results showed that the audio and video quality can be accepted by users to implement distance learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine which factors are important in determining the post-migration education among rural-urban migrants in Indonesia. Second, to investigate whether investing in post-migration education in the cities improves the labour market performances of rural-urban migrants. The labour market performances are measured by the occupational (work) statuses and earnings (wages) at destination.Design/methodology/approach The determinants of post-migration education are estimated using a binary probit and ordinary least square, while a multinomial logit model and a two-step procedure of Lee’s selection-biased correction based on the multinomial logit are used to examine the effects of post-migration education on the labour market performances of migrants measured by occupational status and by wages. The main source of the data used in this study is the Rural-Urban Migration in China and Indonesia (RUMiCI) 2009-2011 survey conducted in the four largest recent migrant destination cities in Indonesia including Tangerang, Medan, Samarinda, and Makassar.Findings Post-migration education contributes significantly to the labour market performance in terms of work status and wages, compared to pre-migration education. In terms of work status, migrants with more post-migration education are more likely to be employed in the formal sector compared to migrants with less or no post-migration education. Relating to earnings, migrants with more post-migration education also tend to be paid more than those migrants with less or no post-migration education.Originality/value The role of post-migration education in the case of rural-urban migration particularly in developing countries is a relatively neglected area of research. One possible reason is because of the lack of data for rural-urban migration particularly in the case of developing countries. This study is taking advantage by using a new data set from RUMiCI focusing specifically on the rural-urban migrants in the four largest recent migrant destination cities in Indonesia including Tangerang, Medan, Samarinda, and Makassar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cadres play an important part in providing community-based education. This study developed and assessed an education program for cadres in Malang, Indonesia, as 'change agents' to promote rational antibiotic use. Methods: In-depth-interviews with stakeholders (N = 55) and a subsequent group discussion with key personnel (N = 5) were conducted to develop a relevant education tool for cadres. This was followed with a pilot study with cadres (N = 40) to assess the effectiveness and acceptability of the new tool. Results: Consensus was reached on the education tool media: an audio-recording (containing full information) with a pocketbook (containing key information) as a supplement. A pilot study on the new tool reported its effectiveness in improving knowledge (p < 0.001) and demonstrated a high acceptability (all respondents stated 'Strongly Agree' or 'Agree' on all statements). Conclusion: This study has created a model for an education tool which can potentially be implemented for cadres to educate their communities about antibiotics in the Indonesian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety is a problem that most often occurs in the pre-operative coronary artery bypass graft surgery stage. The combination of prayer therapy with education is expected to be able to overcome anxiety. The combination of prayer and education therapy have been researched as a potential holistic intervention for reducing anxiety in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Purpose: This study compares the effect of combination therapy with the golden standard of therapy in hospitals. Methods: A true-experimental design was used. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Data were collected using a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire from Spielberger. Findings: Most respondents were elderly, male, high school graduates in the treatment group, and bachelor graduates in the control group. Prayer therapy and education have an effect of 63.8% on reducing anxiety. An increase of 1 constant in the provision of prayer therapy and education can reduce anxiety by 0.772. Conclusions: The combination of prayer therapy and education becomes the holistic nursing modality that can reduce anxiety in pre-operative coronary artery bypass graft patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the current school-based management (SBM) policy reform in Indonesia, with an emphasis on the impacts of shifting authority and responsibility to school level, as well as challenges confronted by the school council members, followed by remedial measures to minimize the problems. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employed a mixed-method research design comprising an extensive empirical survey followed by semi-structured and focused group interviews and examination of relevant documents. The data reported here are on the basis of an empirical survey involving 504 school council members from Ngada-Flores, followed by 42 interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) with all relevant stakeholders. Findings – The research findings demonstrate how devolution of power and authority to school level can create partnership in participatory school decision making in terms of setting a school mission, shared-vision, annual programs, school budget, school textbooks, school buildings, school-based curriculum and even students' discipline policies. In turn, devolving power and authority to school level has created several changes in schools, including in-school culture changes, and increased participation of school communities. These factors have led to the improvements in teaching-learning environments and student achievements. Research limitations/implications – The findings of this study are specific to the context of Ngada-Flores, Indonesia. The possibility for the general applicability of the findings is limited by the scope, the sample, and the cultural context of this study. Accordingly, even though there could be common features, the findings may not have general applicability to other systems. Practical implications – The paper suggests that capacity building in school level is required for the effective implementation of SBM policies and programs, including in-service training, regular professional development sessions and workshops on effective school leadership and management, as well as school development planning. Originality/value – This paper could be significant because of the absence of similar studies in the Indonesian context. The findings could be helpful in informing practitioners, the local and national authorities and all those interested in school education on how SBM with devolution of power and authority to school-level decision makers assists in-school improvements and student achievements, as well as problems and challenges confronted by school leaders in the implementation of SBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the international context, the quality of public primary education in Indonesia is sub-standard. The assumption of officials at all levels of government is that a significant increase in funding will be required to improve education performance. The analysis in this paper shows that money does indeed matter for the attainment of primary education goals, although probably not as much as many observers might think. The examination also demonstrates that local public primary education is delivered very inefficiently in Indonesia. The evidence suggests that schools might be able to reach significantly improved education outcomes and simultaneously decrease total spending by a non-negligible amount. Overall, the analysis does not offer much support for government's apparent view that large and rapid increases in funding are the sine qua non of improving education sector performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Timor Leste was established as a country in 1999 when the Indonesians relinquished sovereignty and their departing military units and associated militias left most of the educational infrastructure in ruins. Civil disorder flared again in 2006 and the Government invited international military and reconstruction aid agencies in to restore order and reinvigorate development. The Inspectorate was established by law in 2008 to improve the quality and accountability of the school education system. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between a national language policy that favours Portuguese and Tetun, and the establishment and administration of the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Education in Timor Leste. Design/methodology/approach -- The author was embedded in the Inspectorate between January and June 2009. During this period he conducted ethnographic analysis of the administration of two of the largest regions prior to helping develop the School Inspector's Manual and a strategic plan for the Inspectorate. This report was derived from those experiences. Findings -- The Inspectorate in the Ministry of Education, led by an Inspector General, has a symbiotic relationship with what is termed in this paper as the "Schools Directorate" led by a director general. Although the Inspectorate is required to improve the quality and accountability of all services provided by the Schools Directorate, a close symbiosis is encouraged between the sister bureaucracies by the Minister of Education, resulting in serious goal displacement in both organisations, degrees of confusion and paralysis in implementation. Four major reasons are identified. The Minister co-manages the Schools Directorate and the Inspectorate has a chief executive officer. Formal communications in the Ministry are conducted in Portuguese, although very few are competent in this language. Regional directorates and regional inspectorates are required to collaborate closely in review and development planning, while the activities of the latter are funded and administered by the former. The cultural norms of conflict-avoidance in a post-conflict context are all pervasive in a setting of scarce resources, to the point where no one is ever fired, even for corruption. Originality/value -- This paper reports baseline research into the development of the Inspectorate and the Ministry of Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the collaborative collection development initiative undertaken by the Indonesia Social Equity Project. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents a brief history and descriptive analysis of an international collection development project. Findings - The paper examines practical issues that arose while building the library collection as a librarian/faculty collaboration, with the added element of having been conducted within a multicultural context. Originality/value - Similar case studies describing international collection development projects are rare in the literature. The article is of interest to librarians researching issues related to cross-cultural collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years we have engaged children and young people in participatory photography projects in a diverse range of international contexts. The projects, diverse as they are, have been school-based and primarily focused on students’ experiences of educational inclusion/exclusion. Photographs taken by students can stimulate conversations in which different perspectives are shared and considered. Whilst this process is meaningful within a local context, it is also compelling to reflect more widely on what children and young people's photographs and commentary (and through these their interpretations of their educational experiences) have to tell and, indeed, show us about educational inclusion globally. In this paper, we begin by explaining what we mean by the term ‘educational inclusion’, and consider what methodological relevance the participatory photography has for engaging in research with children and young people about their educational experiences. We then briefly describe the contexts of the projects this paper draws on, which took place in the UK, Zambia and Indonesia. In the main body of the paper, we will look across these international projects and consider a selection of students’ photographs and interpretations in relation to several broad themes about educational inclusion which they suggest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the impact of an Indonesian scholarship programme, which was implemented in 1998 to preserve access to education for the poor during the economic crisis. Scholarships were targeted pro-poor and the allocation process followed a decentralized design, involving both geographic and individual targeting. The identification strategy exploits this decentralized structure, relying on instrumental variables constructed from regional mistargeting at the initial phase of allocation. The programme has increased enrolment, especially for primary school-aged children from poor rural households. Moreover, the scholarships seem to have assisted households in smoothing consumption during the crisis, relieving pressure on households’ investments in education and utilization of child labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet cafés are important for people's access to the Internet in poor countries. These venues offer a potential gateway to valuable information, meaningful communication, and political participation for ordinary citizens. They may also represent a possible threat to traditions and cultural values. In this paper, we analyse the use of the Internet among Internet café customers in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A main objective is to assess the importance of Internet use for human resource development. Three main categories of use are identified, namely communication, instrumental, and recreational. The two first mentioned are by far the most important in our sample. Those who use the Internet mainly for instrumental purposes, i.e. seeking information, reading online news, and research, are generally older and more highly educated with a higher personal and financial capability. This fact points in the direction of increased individual usefulness of Internet access over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the discrepancies between the official rhetoric on Malayness and the emerging discourse on national identity among the urban Malay (Melayu) youth of the Indonesian province Kepri. The population of the Riau Archipelago is multiethnic, with Malays as the majority and Kepulauan Riau represents an important historical centre for the whole Malay World. Because of this, local leaders have engaged this newly formed province in a series of attempts to revitalise a transnational ethnic awareness based on an inclusive Malay identity framework. However, most of the students I met during my recent fieldwork in Tanjung Pinang’s public schools tend to reject most ideas of reinforcing the bridge with the Malays of neighbouring nations, and prefer to perceive themselves primarily as Indonesian. This should not come as a surprise. Since 1998, the popular culture scene has been largely influenced by reformasi movements all over Indonesia. For the Tanjung Pinang youth, urban Indonesia, represented especially by Jakarta, is synonymous with dynamism and democratisation, while Malaysia and Singapore are regarded as moralistic and patronising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates some of the underlying factors determining the probability of household division, defined here as the event when an adult leaves his or her original household, utilizing data from two waves of the IFLS (IFLS1-1993 and IFLS3-2000). Borrowing the empirical framework suggested by Foster and Rosenzweig (2002), I estimate the probability of household division by the subsequent waves of the survey, using household variables from an earlier wave as the explanatory variables. The findings suggest that education variables play an important albeit limited role in determining household division. There is evidence that higher education of the household head is associated with lower propensity of an adult household member to leave. On the other hand, higher maximum years of schooling of other members in the household are associated with higher probability of household division. These results, along with the finding showing that rural households are more likely to divide, indicate that household division in Indonesia may largely be associated with the mobility of young, more educated members from rural areas. While the empirical framework is based on a collective household model, the results can also be explained within the context of unitary household model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Health cadres have a key role in building awareness related to irrational antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. Cadres help to bridge the gap between the shortage of health professionals and the need to reach the broader population. This study aimed to identify cadres' background, antibiotic knowledge and attitudes in an Indonesian setting. Methodology: A paper-based questionnaire survey was validated and conducted among purposefully selected cadres attending a seminar in Malang Indonesia. A 5-point Likert scale was used to identify attitudes, while true/false statements determined their knowledge. A total of 112 cadres responded, giving a 100% response rate. Results: The majority had been cadres for >2 years with previous counseling experience. Their attitudes on antibiotic use, were shown by the lower levels of disagreement to the statements "when I get a sore throat, I prefer to use antibiotics" (37.5%); "I would take antibiotics if I have had a cough for more than one week" (41.1%); and, "when I get influenza, I would take antibiotics to help me recover sooner" (47.3%), within the "indications" domain. For knowledge, lower scores were reported for domains related to "indications" (mean 1.49 ± 0.82/3), "resistance" (mean 1.06 ± 0.94/3), and "storage and disposal" (mean 1.23 ± 0.78/3). Conclusions: These findings indicated a need to improve cadres' attitudes and knowledge prior their involvement as change agents for improving the rational use of antibiotics to minimise antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of an intervention that expanded access to low-cost, government-sponsored, community-based playgroups in rural Indonesia. Instrumental variables and difference-in-differences models indicate that while the intervention raised enrollment rates and durations of enrollment for everyone, on average, there was little impact on child development. The two models correspond to different durations of project exposure. The difference-in-differences model captures greater exposure and shows that there are modest and sustained impacts on child development--especially for children from more disadvantaged backgrounds. There is also evidence that the intervention encouraged substitution away from other services, such as kindergartens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan is the property of State Islamic University, Institute for Research & Community Services and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indonesia always continually failed international assessments even though many efforts have been made. The results of PISA 2012 put Indonesian students in the worst position. In contrast, East Asian countries' performance well in mathematics, reading, and science. Indeed, Singapore has the best performance in the Southeast Asia region even in the world as well as Shanghai-China. The position of Indonesia is lower than Viet Nam, Thailand, and Malaysia in South-East Asia. Therefore, by carrying out a literature review, this paper analyzes what is happening in Indonesia beyond assessment, especially in science. Assessment reform from the above East Asian countries was also depicted to complete the discussion. Thus, this paper not only analyzed the lack of science content in Indonesia compared to other countries, but also described some lessons that can be drawn in relation to the content tested in the PISA science test from East-Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of poverty as an experience of multiple deprivation has been widely acknowledged. In Indonesia, however, poverty assessment has almost exclusively been conducted within the monetary space; even when multidimensionality is admitted, it has always been computed using variants of marginal method that are indifferent to joint deprivation. Applying a novel measurement method that is sensitive to both the incidence and the intensity of multiple deprivation to data from the National Socio-economic Survey (Susenas), this paper investigates the extent and the patterns of multidimensional poverty in Indonesia from 2003 to 2013 ( $$N=7{,}148{,}964$$ ). An Indonesian version of the multidimensional poverty index is constructed by augmenting the existing consumption poverty measure with information on health and education. Results suggest that there was an unambiguous poverty reduction over the last decade at both national and sub-national levels. The data also reveal that progress has been inclusive across population subgroups, although spatial variation remains notable. The new poverty measurement method proves to be easily adaptable to the Indonesian context and could complement the methods currently employed by the Indonesian Statistical Bureau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the well-publicised risks, millions of Indonesian women labour abroad as domestic workers, where they face significant risks. By offering community education and current information on migration, Indonesian non-governmental organisations (ngos) attempt to mitigate these risks. Yet, interviews with migrant workers and ngos reveal that rather than seeking out migration information from government or ngo sources, women instead rely on fate and the information they receive from the middlemen who are paid to recruit women for work abroad. This paper, which is based on ten months of fieldwork in Java, focuses on the centrality of fate in women's migration narratives. This paper examines how women's belief in fate helps them explain their position in the migration industry and their ability to control the outcomes of their migration decisions. In addition, this paper analyses why migration authorities take up the language of fate and the challenges this presents to education and activist projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of prosocial skills in children in their middle childhood and the role of computer games is analyzed in our case study based on an entrepreneurial venture (School of Gaming, Oulu). This venture was launched almost at the same time as the COVID‐19 pandemic hit the globe. It has operated successfully during COVID‐19, not only in Finland but also has expanded to Indonesia in this limited time period. It created social value by offering the children a possibility to be with their friends during the lockdown as well as develop skills like empathy, sharing, and trust. The case study further revealed that affordable pricing, the use of professional gaming instructors and adaptation played an important role in organizational success during this tough time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is one of the main issues in the economic development of a country, including Indonesia. This was exacerbated when the Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on economic activities, so there are educated people who are still below the poverty line. Therefore, strategies in tackling the problem of poverty need to be developed in line with the times that have entered the era of digitalization. The research aimed to examine the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on high-educated poverty in East Java. Data obtained from the National Survey in Indonesia is analyzed with the random forest algorithm as a classification method in machine learning. The analysis shows that social media, laptop ownership, age, higher education, and internet access are the five most important variables for high-educated poverty classification in East Java. Based on this, a number of recommendations can be made to policy makers regarding the effect of digitalization on high-educated poverty in East Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has developed rapidly and affected every community's life. This condition was also supported by the occurrence of a pandemic in early 2020 which resulted in restrictions on mobility between individuals and other humans to reduce the spread of the virus which resulted in a crisis. One of the technological developments in the financial sector is loan products through the Peer to Peer platform. Namely transactions that use an online platform that functions as an intermediary that connects borrowers and lenders to carry out lending and borrowing transactions without meeting physically. P2P transaction mechanisms that are carried out directly between borrowers and investors provide risk directly to investors for the success of their funding through the P2P platform. Therefore, in conducting a direct analysis of the loans to be financed, investors must have adequate information so that they can make the best analysis for the financing they are doing. This mechanism allows for information asymmetry on the part of borrowers and investors. The level of trust from lenders is an important factor that will influence their decision as investors to provide funds to borrowers. This confidence can be obtained, among other things, by studying the various available information. In addition, there is the phenomenon of an increase in borrowers and lenders in P2P transactions in Indonesia. It is necessary to pay attention to whether this decision affects interest rates for lending through P2P platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has been dealing with corruption for a long time. Several strategies are applied to address the complexities of corruption, one of which is anti-corruption education (ACE). Some countries have tried implementing ACE, with Hong Kong being one of the most successful. Using a comparative method, this study seeks to examine the impact of ACE on corruption, analyse how Hong Kong and Indonesia differ in implementing ACE, and develop suggestions for Indonesian leaders based on the best practices found in Hong Kong’s way of approaching ACE while still considering the Indonesian context. Improved collaborations among stakeholders (KPK, Ministries, and private parties), empowerment of schools and teachers, use of public media, and adequate political support are all found to be relevant to improving ACE in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic writing requires both style and grammatical correctness; however, efforts in improving the quality of English academic writing by non-native students have been focused on grammar. Structures observed in this study were grammatically correct, but considered unnatural in academic writing genre. This research involves a group of non-native English speaking students who were assigned to submit two different kinds of writing to an online repository: a research paper abstract and a free writing article. A survey to understand the sources of English exposure is also conducted. The objectives of this study are to describe unnatural sequences/Multi Words Units (MWUs) used by the students and to identify the motives of using such sequences. The tools for corpus processing used are Unitex and Antconc. Corpus of Contemporary American English and British National Corpus are also used as reference corpora for English while the SEAlang Indonesian Corpus is used to validate the influence of first language (L1). The analysis of these sequences with comparison to reference corpora indicated the influence of spoken English and students' L1 (Indonesian). This corresponds to the results of the survey that most of the students are exposed to English mostly via spoken, and non-academic sources (songs, movies, social media, etc). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper fills a void in the literature by focusing on curriculum policy processes in schools that are both remote and international. It is based on an analysis of the complex interrelationships between international and remote education; between 'the global' and 'the local'. It maps the dynamics of curriculum policy processes in three remote international schools in Indonesia and their journey in adopting the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program (IBPYP). Whilst the study reported was primarily focused on how teachers made meaning of the IBPYP and the micro-politics involved, the significance of accelerating globalization required an examination of accompanying national, regional and global influences embedded in the complex curriculum policy processes. The concept of a 'policy trajectory' provided a framework for the research. After analysis of findings, a model was constructed to capture the dynamics of curriculum policy processes along the entire trajectory from global to local levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at identifying the challenges of World Wide Web to the process of teaching and learning English Literature for undergraduate students majoring in English Literature in Indonesia and promoting the solutions of how to coup it. While providing many advantages the World Wide Web serves some challenges in the process of teaching and learning English Literature, inviting serious thoughts of how deal with it and how to avoid the possibly existing negative impacts. The data were taken from her experience as a student of English Literature before the invention of World Wide Web and her experience as the lecturer after the invention. This study shows there are some challenges in the process of teaching and learning English Literature in the digitalization era concerning with such as, the provision of materials, the choice of theory, the practice of plagiarism and the maintenance of interpersonal relationship . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to describe the role of Islamic boarding school education (Pondok pesantren) in shaping the inclusive mentality and religious ideology of the community, especially in university professors. The results of the study show that teachers with experience in Islamic boarding schools have an inclusive religious ideology. The data shows that 95% of these teachers recognize the reality outside of schools and groups. Eighty percent are tolerant in religion or practice fiqh. Sixty-five percent do not agree with the khilafah, and thirty percent believe that it is difficult to implement the khilafah in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]