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In this paper the thermal stability properties of poly(3-methacryloylamino propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PMAPTAC) with a series of molecular weights in various salt solutions were investigated by monitoring the apparent viscosity and viscosity retention rate with aging time, for the first time to our knowledge. Secondly, the thermal stability properties of poly(methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDMC) solution was studied and compared with that of the PMAPTAC solution under the same conditions. The results showed that the viscosity retention rate of PMAPTAC/salt solutions with salinities from 40 g/L to 200 g/L at 85 °C were about 60%, indicating that PMAPTAC had good temperature and salt resistance. Besides, the temperature and salt resistance of PMAPTAC with 0.62 dL/g was better than that of PMAPTAC with 7.55 dL/g under the conditions of this study. In addition, the viscosity retention rate of PDMC/salt solution with the same intrinsic viscosity as PMAPTAC/salt solution was 45%, indicating that compared with PDMC, the PMAPTAC with viscosity retention rate of 60% had better temperature and salt resistance. We suggest the results obtained in this study will not only fill the current gaps in the research of the temperature and salt tolerance properties of PMAPTAC, but also provide support for the potential application of PMAPTAC products in high-temperature and high-salt environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]