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The study examined the impact of macroeconomic performance and energy consumption on carbon emissions in Asian developing countries. Although, macroeconomic performance is a critical measure for the determination of development in societies. Thus, the examination of macroeconomic performance variables is a core issue for policymakers. The panel quantile regression model assesses the macroeconomic performance at several quantiles, ranging from 0.05 to 0.95. The effect of macroeconomic performance and energy consumption on CO2 emissions has also been established. The findings indicate that CO2 emissions and macroeconomic performance are negatively associated in all quantiles of macroeconomic performance. Though, fossil fuel energy and population growth positively influence carbon emissions in all low and medium quantiles but this relationship becomes weaker in the upper quantiles. In addition, hydroelectricity consumption and carbon emissions are negatively and significantly associated in the quantile ranges of low and higher. Based on the aforementioned results, the study suggests the formulation of such policies that can improve macroeconomic performance in the region and the promotion of hydel energy instead of fossil fuels to reduce environmental pollution in developing Asian countries. Moreover, the population control program, promotion of renewable energy, and dangers of fossil fuel consumption should be a part of public policies to control environmental issues by reducing carbon emissions at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asia has the world's largest population and the largest number of biogas digesters, with implementation across 25 countries. These countries can be categorised into four groups based on their biogas development status. Asia has approximately 45.03 million biogas digesters, of which about 99.72% are household units and 0.28% are industrial digesters. Predominantly located in less developed rural areas, a substantial number of household digesters have ceased operation or been abandoned. Some Asian countries and regions are witnessing a transition from household to industrial digesters, driven by economic growth and favourable environmental policies. However, many industrial digesters smaller than 500 m3 are underperforming, unprofitable, or inactive. Larger digesters are better managed and more sustainable. From 1958 through 2023, 163 biogas safety incidents were recorded in seven Asian countries, resulting in 321 fatalities, 220 injuries, and substantial property damage. This study identifies and discusses seven key factors influencing biogas development in Asia: climate conditions, energy demand, biowaste resources, economic development, government policy, technical service, and biogas programs. These factors range from objective and independent to external dependencies and direct, dynamic influences. Future biogas development in Asia will benefit from favourable technoeconomic growth and increased climate change awareness, supported by societal priorities and government policies. However, it must also confront and address several significant challenges. [Display omitted] • Biogas development activities have been in 25 Asian countries. • Asia has approximately 45.03 million biogas digesters and 99.72% are household units. • From 1958 through 2023, 163 biogas accidents resulted in 321 deaths and 220 injuries. • Seven key factors influence biogas development in Asia. • Future biogas development is optimistic, but challenges must be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth in Asia has increased in the past three decades and has heightened energy demand, resulting in rising greenhouse gas emissions and severe air pollution. To tackle these issues, fuel switching and the deployment of renewables are essential. In the present paper, we discuss the environmental regulations, mainly carbon pricing, implemented in Asia and discuss their achievements. Empirical studies using microdata have shown that carbon pricing in Asia can reduce carbon emissions by promoting energy efficiency. At the macro level, we observe some evidence of fuel switching from coal to natural gas among major emitters. However, more carbon pricing is necessary in Asia if we aim for the decarbonization of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Q28; Q54; Q58 EN Q28 Q54 Q58 62 64 3 01/30/21 20210101 NES 210101 The International Energy Agency (IEA) (2020) states that "Global energy-related CO SB 2 sb emissions flattened in 2019 at around 33 gigatons, following 2 years of increases. Arimura and Sugino (2021) discuss a variety of cases in different countries, but unfortunately these countries introduced carbon prices or taxes that are far too low or reduction targets that are not ambitious enough to make an effective carbon rate. Rather than discussing the theoretical advantages of carbon pricing forever, applying internal carbon pricing mechanisms for corporate investment decisions may be more realistic and constructive. [Extracted from the article]

This comparative case study of three Asian cities (Penghu in Taiwan, Seoul in South Korea and Tianjin in China) elucidates the effects of different national approaches to eco-city development and the antecedents of the building of an eco-city. To better understand the Asian context, the three Asian cities of interest were compared with two European cities – Freiburg (Germany) and Samsö (Denmark). The effects of the approach to the development of an eco-city and the fitting of its business activities to the local context are investigated. The analysis identifies four transforming antecedents of the development of an eco-city in Asia, which are (1) utilization of a national approach and policy, (2) the presence of a dedicated local public authority, (3) the continuous engagement of local citizens, and (4) an infusion of national capability and business activity. The transformational development of an eco-city in Asia seeks to create a new techno-social regime that is based on sustainable solutions, whereas their respective national capabilities must be emphasized with an eye to efficiency, economy, and effectiveness simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Q28; Q54; O58 EN Q28 Q54 O58 65 66 2 01/30/21 20210101 NES 210101 Arimura and Sugino (2020) (hereafter AS) review the literature about carbon price environmental regulations used to contain carbon dioxide (and equivalent) emissions and air pollution in Asia. The carbon emissions cap and trade scheme has reduced carbon emissions in the commercial building and manufacturing sectors. AS summarize the carbon emission reduction pathways under the 2-Degree Celsius, 1.5-Degree Celsius, and the International Energy Agency's (IEA's) "Sustainable Development Scenario.". [Extracted from the article]

Asia's unprecedented economic growth and reduction in the number of poor people is fuelled mainly by industrial expansion. This growth is unsustainable unless the associated environmental impacts are significantly reduced. Resource and energy efficiency is a practical way for industry to achieve this. However, current efforts are not sufficient to capitalise on the huge energy efficiency potential, as barriers exist including low company management awareness, limited knowledge and information, lack of financing, and conflicting policies combined with weak enforcement. This paper discusses and illustrates these barriers with real-life examples from Asian companies, including China. To ensure continued energy efficiency in Asian industry it is recommended to increase management awareness, establish an organisational infrastructure for energy efficiency cooperation, invest in financial mechanisms to fund energy efficiency projects, and expand and amend policies. It is also essential to improve efficiency of other resources, especially water. As a first step, an efficiency guide was produced as part of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction from Industry in Asia (GERIAP) project. Without these efforts, poverty in Asia in the long term is likely to increase rather than decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]