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Modern fog network architectures, empowered by IoT applications and 5G communications technologies, are characterized by the presence of a huge number of mobile nodes, which undergo frequent handovers, introducing a significant load on the involved network entities. Considering the distributed and flat nature of these architectures, DMM can be the only viable option for efficiently managing handovers in these scenarios. The existing DMM solutions are capable of providing smooth handovers, but lack robustness from the security point of view. Indeed, DMM depends on external mechanisms for handover security and uses a centralized device, which has obvious security and performance implications in flat architectures where hierarchical dependencies can introduce problems. We propose a new DMM schema based on the blockchain, capable of resolving hierarchical security issues without affecting the network layout, and also satisfying fully distributed security requirements with less consumption of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drone swarming involves multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are able to manoeuver autonomously, providing a vast range of surveillance applications such as traffic evaluations, driver monitoring, disaster management, temporary network support, and pedestrian tracking. All these applications are an integral part of urban surveillance. In other words, cooperation between multiple drones can facilitate urban surveillance while being able to provide high-quality 3D visualization of the surroundings. This 3D representation is driven by the initiation of accurate and non-overlapping waypoints. Such efficient localization depends on the type of context and its security validation by the receiving entities. For example, a highly burdened context with negligible security is of limited use. This article presents a novel solution that is capable of securing the context information for sharing 3D waypoints between UAVs. The proposed approach achieves optimal localization through hierarchical context- aware aspect-oriented Petri nets while being powered by a novel drone context-exchange protocol for security validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency is a major concern in the emerging mobile cellular wireless networks since massive connectivity is to be expected with high energy requirements from the network operators. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) being the frontier multiple access scheme for 5G, there exists numerous research attempts on enhancing the energy efficiency of NOMA enabled wireless networks while maintaining its outstanding performance metrics such as high throughput, data rates and capacity maximized optimally.The concept of green NOMA is introduced in a generalized manner to identify the energy efficient NOMA schemes. These schemes will result in an optimal scenario in which the energy generated for communication is managed sustainably. Hence, the effect on the environment, economy, living beings, etc is minimized. The recent research developments are classified for a better understanding of areas which are lacking attention and needs further improvement. Also, the performance comparison of energy efficient, NOMA schemes against conventional NOMA is presented. Finally, challenges and emerging research trends, for energy efficient NOMA are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]