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In recent years, the condition of urban traffic congestion in China has become more and more aggravated. Thus, from the social and environmental perspective, this paper has proposed a traffic congestion charging fee (TCCF) management model based on the system dynamics approach, taking Shanghai as a case study. The system dynamics approach applied in this paper focuses on the dynamic interrelations among some major variables in the TCCF management model. Hence, through a detailed discussion on these major variables, which are amount of car trips (ACT), growth of cars (GC), amount of NOx generation (ANG), attraction degree of car trips (ADCT), per vehicle area of roads (PVAR), and degree of traffic congestion (DTC), it is discovered that, when TCCF equals 45 yuan/day ⁎ vehicle, the DTC has declined by 67.84% and the ANG by 33.09%, which is a relatively satisfying solution to the traffic congestion problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we conducted a hypothetical choice experiment in Shanghai, China, to examine whether the China Energy Efficiency Label influences consumers'' choices of air conditioners and refrigerators. A latent class approach was applied to observe both heterogeneities among the respondents and product brands. Our results suggested that consumers in Shanghai were well aware of the China Energy Efficiency Label and tended to pay more attention to products with such labels. In addition, air conditioners and refrigerators affixed with a hypothetical label that indicates saving in electricity bills compared with a standard model received significant preferences, which suggested that the more information manufacturers provide, the more their products would be preferred by consumers. Finally, weighted by class probability, the willingness to pay values for more energy efficient refrigerators were higher than those for more energy efficient air conditioners, implying that Shanghai consumers have greater incentive to pay more for appliances they use more frequently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]