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Ultrafast laser welding is a fast, clean, and contactless technique for joining a broad range of materials. Nevertheless, this technique cannot be applied for bonding semiconductors and metals. By investigating the nonlinear propagation of picosecond laser pulses in silicon, it is elucidated how the evolution of filaments during propagation prevents the energy deposition at the semiconductor–metal interface. While the restrictions imposed by nonlinear propagation effects in semiconductors usually inhibit countless applications, the possibility to perform semiconductor–metal ultrafast laser welding is demonstrated. This technique relies on the determination and the precompensation of the nonlinear focal shift for relocating filaments and thus optimizing the energy deposition at the interface between the materials. The resulting welds show remarkable shear joining strengths (up to 2.2 MPa) compatible with applications in microelectronics. Material analyses shed light on the physical mechanisms involved during the interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafast Laser Welding: Taming Ultrafast Laser Filaments for Optimized Semiconductor-Metal Welding (Laser Photonics Rev. 15(2)/2021) In article number 2000433, Maxime Chambonneau, Qingfeng Li, Stefan Nolte, and co-workers demonstrate semiconductor-metal ultrafast laser welding - an additive manufacturing technique limited to other material families so far. This work offers new insights for the fabrication of microelectronic devices. [Extracted from the article]