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A compelling body of evidence indicates that observing a task-irrelevant action makes the execution of that action more likely. However, it remains unclear whether this ‘automatic imitation’ effect is indeed automatic or whether the imitative action is voluntary. The present study tested the automaticity of automatic imitation by asking whether it occurs in a strategic context where it reduces payoffs. Participants were required to play rock–paper–scissors, with the aim of achieving as many wins as possible, while either one or both players were blindfolded. While the frequency of draws in the blind–blind condition was precisely that expected at chance, the frequency of draws in the blind–sighted condition was significantly elevated. Specifically, the execution of either a rock or scissors gesture by the blind player was predictive of an imitative response by the sighted player. That automatic imitation emerges in a context where imitation reduces payoffs accords with its ‘automatic’ description, and implies that these effects are more akin to involuntary than to voluntary actions. These data represent the first evidence of automatic imitation in a strategic context, and challenge the abstraction from physical aspects of social interaction typical in economic and game theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the actuarial artificial intelligence in playing the rock-paper-scissors game. Topics discussed include an overview of the rock-paper-scissors game, an outline of its different strategies, the definition of its variables, its basics, the reset of its probabilities, and the flexibility of its probabilities.

This paper provides a systematic review and analysis of the game-theroy-based research in Green Supply Chains Management (GSCM). Based on a rigorous content analysis of 108 papers carefully selected from the literature, we present a detailed picture of the current state of this research and point to the promising future directions. Our analysis shows a rapid increase in the number of publications during the last three years, with an imbalance in the contribution of the publishing outlets, as nearly two third of the reviewed papers are published by only four journals. Results also show the dominance of deterministic static models and simple two-level SC structures. Developing stochastic models, considering the risk and the evolutionary nature that inherently characterise the business environment and investigating more complex multi-level SC structures are among the promising future research opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-life room-escape games are ludic activities in which participants enter a room in order to get out of it only after solving some riddles. In this paper, we explain a Room Escape teaching experience developed in the Engineering School at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. The goal of this activity is to increase student's motivation and to improve their learning on two courses of the second year in the "Computer Engineering degree: Computer Networks and Information and Security". [Paper presented at the International Conference on University Teaching and Innovation (CIDUI): Learning and Teaching Innovation Impacts (9th, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain, Jul 5-7 2016.)]

We introduce a family of rock-paper-scissors-type models with ZN symmetry (N is the number of species), and we show that it has a very rich structure with many completely different phases. We study realizations that lead to the formation of domains, where individuals of one or more species coexist, separated by interfaces whose (average) dynamics is curvature driven. This type of behavior, which might be relevant for the development of biological complexity, leads to an interface network evolution and pattern formation similar to the ones of several other nonlinear systems in condensed matter and cosmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the result of an experimental study which shows that people do not follow the optimal strategy in practice and suggests two strategies for defeating human opponents in rock-paper-scissors (RPS). The study found that the probability of repeating a game on the next trial is well above one-third, while the strategy of always playing the symbol is assessed to be an effective strategy in defeating the symbol that the other player has previously played. The study also observed that the wins of each competition have increased by 26.4%, while the losses are decreased by 9.51%.

In this study, we investigated the human capacity to generate randomness in decision-making processes using the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game. The randomness of the time series was evaluated using the time-series data of RPS moves made by 500 subjects who played 50 consecutive RPS games. The indices used for evaluation were the Lempel–Ziv complexity and a determinism index obtained from a recurrence plot, and these indicators represent the complexity and determinism of the time series, respectively. The acquired human RPS time-series data were compared to a pseudorandom RPS sequence generated by the Mersenne Twister and the RPS time series generated by the RPS game's strategy learned using the human RPS time series acquired via genetic programming. The results exhibited clear differences in randomness among the pseudorandom number series, the human-generated series, and the AI-generated series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic assignment in urban transport planning is the process of allocating traffic flows in a network. Traditionally, traffic assignment can reduce travel time or travel costs. As the number of vehicles increases and congestion causes increased emissions, environmental issues in transportation are gaining more and more attention. The main objective of this study is to address the issue of traffic assignment in urban transport networks under an abatement rate constraint. A traffic assignment model based on cooperative game theory is proposed. The influence of vehicle emissions is incorporated into the model. The framework consists of two parts. First, the performance model predicts travel time based on the Wardrop traffic equilibrium principle, which reflects the system travel time. No travelers can experience a lower travel time by unilaterally changing their path. Second, the cooperative game model gives link importance ranking based on the Shapley value, which measures the average marginal utility contribution of links of the network to all possible link coalitions that include the link, and assigns traffic flow based on the average marginal utility contribution of a link with system vehicle emission reduction constraints. The proposed model shows that traffic assignment with emission reduction constraints allows more vehicles in the network with an emission reduction rate of 20% than traditional models., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The paper studies product bundling in a duopoly supply chain network under the influence of different power-balance structures, bundling decisions and advertising efforts on total supply chain profit. Mathematical models comprising two manufacturers and a single retailer are developed to capture the impact of bundling policy and advertisement strategy under three power-balance structures, namely Manufacturer Stackelberg, Retailer Stackelberg and Vertical Nash. Following game theory models and numerical examples, the study found that the total profit of the supply chain is undifferentiated under the manufacturer Stackelberg and Vertical Nash case in the manufacturer bundling and retailer bundling strategies. However, total supply chain profit under manufacturer bundling strongly dominates under retailer bundling in Retailer Stackelberg and Vertical Nash, and remains valid under multiple settings of market size, price elasticity and advertising elasticity. It is also found that manufacturer bundling is significantly affected by advertising effort compared to retailer bundling. The study contributes to the literature interfacing supply chain and marketing by studying bundling policy and advertising strategy simultaneously for homogenous products, under various power-balance structures and price competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early period of Yi Dynasty of Korea, currency and physical transactions were parallel, and the market order was chaotic. During the reign of Emperor Taejong, the Banknote Law was established and carried out, and measures such as replacing physical objects with paper money, establishing joint purchase houses and determining the crime of hiding cloth were adopted to enhance currency credit. Although the law promoted circulation, monetary reform was not smooth. In this study, based on the economic historical data of the dynasty and the game theory method, the author find that the Yi Dynasty tries to improve the relationship between the state and the grassroots society and explore new economic policies through national finance and monetary reform. The failure of monetary reform is not only a policy failure, but also a consequence of uneven distribution of interests among different subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Game theory is a fundamental field with applications in numerous other areas, including biology. A relatively recent, but already boasting extensive and increasing influence and important results, branch of classical Game Theory is Evolutionary Game Theory. Evolutionary Game Theory focuses on populations and microorganisms, like bacteria, and studies their interactions when these are viewed as games. This work aims to be a comprehensive presentation of the games microbes, and specifically bacteria, play during their lifetime. It is hoped that this perspective can enhance one's understanding of the biology of the microcosm and open new avenues for relative research., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Abstract: Two players of Rock-Paper-Scissors are modeled as adaptive agents which use a reinforcement learning algorithm and exhibit chaotic behavior in terms of trajectories of probability in mixed strategies space. This paper demonstrates that an external super-agent can exploit the behavior of the other players to predict favorable moments to play against one of the other players the symbol suggested by a sub-optimal strategy. This third agent does not affect the learning process of the other two players, whose only goal is to beat each other. The choice of the best moment to play is based on a threshold associated with the Local Lyapunov Exponent or the Entropy, each computed by using the time series of symbols played by one of the other players. A method for automatically adapting such a threshold is presented and evaluated. The results show that these techniques can be used effectively by a super-agent in a game involving adaptive agents that exhibit collective chaotic behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]