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Cellulose was isolated from recycled pulp and paper sludge and used to synthesize cellulose nanocrystals. Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design model were used to predict, improve, and optimize the cellulose isolation process. The optimal conditions were a reaction temperature of 87.5 °C, 180 min with 4% sodium hydroxide. SEM and TEM results revealed that the isolated cellulose had long rod-like structures of different dimensions than CNCs with short rod-like structures. The crystallinity index from XRD significantly increased from 41.33%, 63.7%, and 75.6% for Kimberly mill pulp sludge (KMRPPS), chemically purified cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals, respectively. The TGA/DTG analysis showed that the isolated cellulosic materials possessed higher thermal stability. FTIR analysis suggested that the chemical structures of cellulose and CNCs were modified by chemical treatment. The cellulose surface was highly hydrophilic compared to the CNCs based on the high water holding capacity of 65.31 ± 0.98% and 83.14 ± 1.22%, respectively. The synthesized cellulosic materials portrayed excellent properties for high-end industrial applications like biomedical engineering, advanced materials, nanotechnology, sustainable packaging, personal care products, environmental remediation, additive manufacturing, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mill sludge (PMS) is featured with a high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, and using its characteristics to make paperboard can achieve a high-value utilization of PMS, which has attracted growing interest. In this study, currently prevalent landfill, incineration technologies (generating heat and electricity by incineration), and three paperboard technologies (medium density fiberboard, pulp board, and corrugated paper) were evaluated and compared via life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methods. LCA results show that the PMS-to-pulp board outperforms others with an energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) value of − 2.86 × 10−8, while the landfill exhibits the highest overall environmental impact with an ECER value of 4.80 × 10−9. LCC results reveal that the PMS-to-pulp board delivers the highest economic profit with $257.357, while the landfill is the lowest with $ − 35.63. The PMS paperboard technologies are more economically friendly than the incineration technologies due to additional electricity/steam consumption during the PMS pre-drying process in incineration. In addition, different scenarios were set up to explore national GHG emission reduction potential by increasing paperboard technologies application rate and reducing the proportion of landfill and incineration. The scenario analysis suggests that replacing 90% of landfill and incineration ratio with PMS paperboard technologies could tremendously improve the overall emission reduction performance with − 9.08 × 1010 kg CO2 eq. This result indicates that the PMS treatment technology transformation has a significant favorable impact on the achievement of the "carbon neutrality" target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulp and paper are gradually transforming from a traditional industry into a new green strategic industry. In parallel, cellulose-derived transparent paper is gaining ground for the development of advanced functional materials for light management with eco-friendly, high performance, and multifunctionality. This review focuses on methods and processes for the preparation of cellulose-derived transparent papers, highlighting the characterization of raw materials linked to responses to different properties, such as optical and mechanical properties. The applications in electronic devices, energy conversion and storage, and eco-friendly packaging are also highlighted with the objective to showcase the untapped potential of cellulose-derived transparent paper, challenging the prevailing notion that paper is merely a daily life product. Finally, the challenges and propose future directions for the development of cellulose-derived transparent paper are identified. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The surface energy of the printing material can be increased to desired levels with different chemicals or methods. However, the important thing is that the surface properties of printing material are not affected negatively. In this way the aim of this paper provide that the surface properties of matte and glossy coated paper is improved by the argon containing atmospheric pressure plasma device because the plasma treatment method does not occur surface damaging on the papers. Design/methodology/approach: In experimental studies, test samples cut from 160 mm × 30 mm in size from 115 g/m2 gloss- and matt-coated papers were used. The plasma treatments of paper samples were carried out with an argon containing atmospheric pressure plasma device of laboratory scale that produces plasma of the corona discharge type at radio frequency. The optimized plasma parameters were at a frequency of 20 kHz and plasma power 200 W. A copper electrode of length 12 cm and diameter 2.5 mm was placed in the centre of the nozzle. Findings: Research findings showed that the surface energies of the papers increased with the increase in plasma application time. While the contact angle of the untreated glossy paper is 82.2, 8 second plasma applied G3 sample showed 54 contact angle value. Similarly, the contact angle of the base paper of matt coated is 91.1, while M3 is reduced to 60.4 contact angles by the increasing plasma time. Originality/value: Plasma treatment has shown that no chemical coating is needed to increase the wettability of the paper surface by reducing the contact angle between the paper and the water droplet. In addition, the surface energies of all papers treated by argon gas containing atmospheric pressure plasma, increased. Plasma treatment provides to improve both the wettability of the paper and the adhesion property required for the ink, with an environmentally friendly approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic-study is conducted using an innovative technology for paper drying by applying ultrasound mechanism. The advantages include greater energy efficiency, lower drying time and temperature, improvement of the product quality, and it is considered a green technology. The effects of initial moisture content, thickness, and refining condition are studied for different types of pulps (hardwood and softwood) using 23 factorial design of experiments. Analysis of Variance show that in the range of the studied parameters, thickness has the maximum effect on ultrasonic drying time followed by the initial moisture content. In addition, using a linear regression model, a relationships for the total time of drying is provided. The results confirmed that ultrasonic drying is more efficient at higher moisture content and higher thickness of the sample. These results are related to the structural characteristic of the samples such as porosity, pore distribution, and surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important high-voltage electrical equipment in the substation, the performance stability of high-voltage current transformers is directly related to the safe operation of the power grid. The insulating medium of the traditional oil-immersed current transformer is an oil-immersed paper structure. When the oil-immersed current transformer malfunctions, it is easy to cause fire and explosion, resulting in very serious consequences. If the transformer with the epoxy resin impregnated paper insulation medium is used, there is no oil and gas inside; thus, it has high reliability, which greatly reduces the risk of fire and explosion. Based on this, considering the application research on the high-voltage current transformers epoxy resin impregnated paper technology, this paper mainly analyzes some precautions for the application of epoxy resin impregnated paper technology to the high-voltage current transformers from three aspects: the research on the insulation performance of the epoxy resin impregnated paper transformers, the research on the mechanical properties, and the research on the relevant experimental methods of the epoxy resin impregnated paper technology application to the high-voltage current transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a study where we used a novel method to work with university students at a media technology and design programme to innovate on questions related to futuring in an educational context. Participating students used creative methods, paper crafting and design methods to "hack" the university campus in a post-COVID-19 scenario. This study situates hackathon as a design method that can be used to foster problem-solving and critical thinking skills in the context of current challenges. The students were asked to identify possible challenges in a post-COVID-19 return on campus and consider solutions to these challenges. They were tasked to shape their solutions in the form of a "sustainable artefact" meant to facilitate a smoother, safer, and welcoming return to campus life. In this study we reflect on how they engaged critically with the campus green and built infrastructure and how have they considered changes that would make their return to campus life a positive experience. Through the analysis of students' assignments, we demonstrate how this method allowed for space in finding one's own voice, how the design material supported students' work on future design, and how aspects of future design are helping students finding a way of acting upon current calls to re-work our cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the paper industry supplies its required fibers either from primary fibers, including wood and plants, or waste papers, called secondary fibers. One of the most challenging recycling processes is deinking of papers digitally printed with electrophotographic ink. In order to produce optically high-quality paper from recycled waste papers, deinking step is required at the desired levels. In this work, the environmentally friendly green enzymatic deinking of printed paper was modeled and optimized via an innovative approach called artificial intelligence method. The effect of treatment temperature, treatment time, and enzyme dosage on mechanical properties (tensile and burst strengths) as well as optical properties (whiteness and brightness) of handsheet was investigated. The developed code can appropriately learn the non-linear behavior of deinking process, and make decisions according to the pattern constructed intelligently. Finally, multi-objective optimization at the specified treatment temperature, treatment time, and enzyme dosage was performed to identify the best conditions for enzyme-deinked handsheet (maximized mechanical and optical properties). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laccase has the enormous potential to be implemented as the multitasking biocatalyst in whole process of paper making. The enzyme can utilize effectively for pulping, delignification of pulps as alone or in the combination with other bleaching enzymes. Laccase has been evaluated for the biografting of pulp fibers, decolorize and stabilize the effluent of the paper mills, biotransformation of high molecular weight (HMW) lignins to lower molecular weight (LMW) aromatic compounds. Further this enzyme has the huge possibilities to apply for deinking of old newsprint (ONP) and pitch removal from varieties of the different pulps. There is no doubt on versatility mode of action of laccases in paper industry, but still there is limited commercialization of this enzyme has been possible, because of laccases has the less redox potential (E0) and needs mediators for the oxidation of non phenolic substrates, production of enzyme is cost intensive at large scale. This review is providing the proper updated information on the state of the art of different applications of laccase in paper industry. It also confer the interpretation to the readers about the areas of extensively studied and the field where there is still much left to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper has been extensively accepted as an ideal platform for fabricating low‐cost, flexible, and environmentally friendly electronics. However, current paper‐based pressure sensors have not fully demonstrated the unique merits of paper, such as cost efficiency, disposability, cuttability, and foldability, mainly because of the limitation of the applied metal electrodes and device configuration. Here, an all‐organic, all‐paper, cuttable, and foldable pressure sensor is demonstrated for the first time, with the high‐conductivity polypyrrole (PPy) printing paper as electrode and the low‐conductivity PPy tissue paper as active layer. Hollow and 3D all‐paper sensors are realized through fabricating the kirigami or origami structure since the device can be freely cut and folded, presenting a universal strategy promising for flexible device design. The cuttability and foldability of device create a unique 3D perception capability. The devices show high sensitivity (4.8 kPa−1 at < 5.5 kPa, 1.7 kPa−1 at 5.5–40 kPa) and wide detection range (up to 40 kPa), providing a capability for full‐range detection of human physiological and motion signals. These results open a feasible route to realize hollow and 3D sensors and fully demonstrate the potential of paper sensors for diverse applications to new‐generation green electronics and portable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling is an example of a sustainable process within the proclaimed circular economy, and paper is the most recycled material in the world. The new conditions imposed by the Covid-19 crisis put the pulp and paper industry to the challenge of coping with emerging difficulties and maintaining its position in individual sub-sectors. The aim of this study is to present the development of recycling of paper and paper products within of the last year, marked by the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. In the study have been used the descriptive - analytical approach, the methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]