Search

Cultural heritage objects present a special set of challenges for chemical analysis. Often micro-sampling or even contacting the object is deemed an unacceptable risk to the object. This study examined if specular reflection FTIR, a non-sampling and non-contact analytical technique, can provide insight into chemical composition of the layered coatings on Frédéric Flachéron's paper negatives (1848–1852) in the Harrison D. Horblit Collection of Early Photography, in Houghton Library, at Harvard University. Specular reflection FTIR data confirmed the identification of beeswax and sandarac as the transparentizing media on Flachéron's paper negatives, as previously published by Lee Ann Daffner. However, specular reflection FTIR analysis also indicated that some negatives had additional localized coatings of orange shellac in specific areas of the images. To understand why Flachéron retouched his negatives with orange shellac, modern experimental replications of the paper negative process were performed. Through modern experimentation with the paper negative technique, it was found that Flachéron's coatings of shellac served as an integral part of his image-altering technique. The color of the orange shellac subtly alters contrast and density, but it does not mask an area the way an opaque watercolor or highly pigmented paint might. The fine adjustments to the negatives with orange shellac were an attempt to perfect the contrast in the print, and better render depth and detail. These discoveries add to a growing body of recent research that points to the historic and art historic importance of negatives and coatings in photography. The specificity with which specular reflection FTIR was able to nondestructively identify the chemical composition of the local coating, and specifically target the analysis on the areas in which it appeared, allowed for an understanding of Flachéron's use of local coatings as a retouching method rather than a protective coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the "The Aspern Papers in reverse': A Note on the Emily Hale Letters" by Paul Keers. It mentions that in 1960 T. S. Eliot wrote a Statement, which was revised in 1963, sealed, and subsequently stored by the Houghton Library, Harvard University. It explores several similarities between the situation of T. S. Eliot and Emily Hale, and the characters in James's tale.

The study assesses highly cited research works in the area Business, Management and Accounting retrieving data from Scopus database for the period 1998-2017. It found total 49417 publications which received 769676 citations. The study identifies about one third (32.88%) of papers have remained uncited during the period. Among rest, papers' having one citation (10.60%) is higher. It is inferred from the analysis that older publications get more citations. Indian citation distribution is almost similar with global citation distribution pattern. The study identifies Cranfield University of UK has greater impact. International collaboration brings higher citations and Netherlands has higher citation per paper (27.33) due to its international collaborative research. Besides, language may be a barrier of research communication. Clusters and the new is highly cited paper. Out of top ten highly cited research papers, six papers are single authored and two papers have international collaboration. Maximum authors are from USA. Harvard business review is the quality journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To perform bibliometric analysis of the top cited articles in urology as a guide for journal club article selection.Methods: Bibliometric citation analysis was performed using Scopus. Tables illustrating the top cited clinical, basic science, and guidelines/position statements papers were constructed. Linear regression was used to determine association between h-index and number of citations.Results: A total of 3,188,861 publications from 1788 to 2020 were analyzed. The top 100 cited clinical papers from 1788 to 2020, top 100 cited contemporary clinical papers from 2000 to 2020, top 25 cited basic science papers, and the top 25 cited guidelines/position statement papers were reported. Median number of citations in the top 100 cited clinical papers was 1463 (interquartile range 1186-1821). Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (12), Johns Hopkins University (6), and Harvard University (6) contributed the most top cited clinical papers in urology. Urologic oncology was the most represented subspecialty in both clinical (75%) and basic science (96%) papers. First author and last author h-index were found to correlate with the number paper citations in the top 100 cited clinical papers from 1788 to 2020 (first author β:5.3, P= .003, last author β:4.5, P= .03). Only 7% of the most cited clinical papers in urology were from female first authors, which was not statistically significantly different from those reported in prior publications published in 2009 and 2013.Conclusion: Contemporary citation analysis of indexed manuscripts in urology may serve as a valuable educational tool for urologists and trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we used a bibliometric and visual analysis to evaluate the characteristics of the 100 most cited articles on axon regeneration. Methods: The 100 most cited papers on axon regeneration published between 2003 and 2023 were identified by searching the Web of Science Core Collection database. The extracted data included the title, author, keywords, journal, publication year, country, and institution. A bibliometric analysis was subsequently undertaken. Results: The examined set of 100 papers collectively accumulated a total of 39,548 citations. The number of citations for each of the top 100 articles ranged from 215 to 1,604, with a median value of 326. The author with the most contributions to this collection was He, Zhigang, having authored eight papers. Most articles originated in the United States (n = 72), while Harvard University was the institution with the most cited manuscripts (n = 19). Keyword analysis unveiled several research hotspots, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, alternative activation, exosome, Schwann cells, axonal protein synthesis, electrical stimulation, therapeutic factors, and remyelination. Examination of keywords in the articles indicated that the most recent prominent keyword was "local delivery.". Conclusion: This study offers bibliometric insights into axon regeneration, underscoring that the United States is a prominent leader in this field. Our analysis highlights the growing relevance of local delivery systems in axon regeneration. Although these systems have shown promise in preclinical models, challenges associated with long-term optimization, agent selection, and clinical translation remain. Nevertheless, the continued development of local delivery technologies represents a promising pathway for achieving axon regeneration; however, additional research is essential to fully realize their potential and thereby enhance patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intuitive explanation about why and how Rawlsian Theory of Justice (Rawls in A theory of justice, Harvard University Press, Harvard, 1971) provides the foundations to a solution for algorithmic bias. The contribution of the paper is to discuss and show why Rawlsian ideas in their original form (e.g. the veil of ignorance, original position, and allowing inequalities that serve the worst-off) are relevant to operationalize fairness for algorithmic decision making. The paper also explains how this leads to a specific MinMaxfairness solution, which addresses the basic challenges of algorithmic justice. We combine substantive elements of Rawlsian perspective with an intuitive explanation in order to provide accessible and practical insights. The goal is to propose and motivate why and how the MinMaxfairness solution derived from Rawlsian principles overcomes some of the current challenges for algorithmic bias and highlight the benefits provided when compared to other approaches. The paper presents and discusses the solution by building a bridge between the qualitative theoretical aspects and the quantitative technical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay profiles the professional life of Thomas Wolfe as a playwright. Wolfe's father, William Oliver Wolfe, who had interest in poetry and theatre, inspired him to become a dramatic writer. Wolfe wrote several plays at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina including "The Return of Buck Gavin." Wolfe's talent as a playwright reportedly resulted in his acceptance into the George Pierce Baker's course in playwriting at the Harvard University. Although Baker had no doubt on Wolfe's success as a playwright, the theatre audiences were reportedly dissatisfied. Audiences complained that Wolfe's plays were depressing. Wolfe reportedly failed to receive any acclaim as a playwright. Information on Wolfe's play "Welcome to Our City" is presented.

Trustworthiness is the most significant predictor of trust and has a significant impact on people's levels of trust. Most trustworthiness-related research is empirical, and while it has a long history, it is challenging for academics to get insights that are applicable to their fields of study and to successfully transfer fragmented results into practice. In order to grasp their dynamic development processes through the mapping of network knowledge graphs, this paper is based on the Web of Science database and uses CiteSpace (6.2.R4) software to compile and visualize the 1,463 publications on trustworthy studies over the past 10 years. This paper aims to provide valuable references to theoretical research and the practice of Trustworthiness. The findings demonstrate that: over the past 10 years, trustworthiness-related research has generally increased in volume; trustworthiness research is concentrated in industrialized Europe and America, with American research findings having a bigger global impact; The University of California System, Harvard University, and Yale University are among the high-production institutions; the leading figures are represented by Alexander Todorov, Marco Brambilla, Bastian Jaeger, and others; the core authors are distinguished university scholars; however, the level of cooperation of the core author needs to be improved. The primary journal for publishing research on trustworthiness is the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology and Biology Letters. In addition, the study focuses on three distinct domains, involving social perception, facial clues, and artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict between institutionalism and neoclassicism in the 20th century has been investigated by scholars over the years. Many of them believe that in the postwar period, neoclassicism triumphed while institutionalism largely disappeared. The present chapter takes a very different view. The late 20th century represents a broad synthesis of neoclassical and institutional themes in a methodology we call pragmatic empiricism. That approach combines the mathematical model building and theoretical formalism of neoclassical economics with the institutional economist's data-driven statistical analysis and concern for developing institutional forms. We use as a case study the history of American locational economics from the 1930s to the present. The mixing of institutional and neoclassical themes is quite evident in the work of three young scholars at Harvard who effectively initiated American locational economics. In the postwar period, we find a series of outstanding, well-published papers that capture the spirit of the "founders." These papers do use more modeling, but they also focus on major institutional developments. A broader review of locational works is consistent with the pragmatic empiricism label. The history of locational economics supports the claim that institutionalism, far from disappearing, continues to provide fundamental questions and techniques for modern pragmatic empiricism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of pain comorbid and anxiety/depression in clinical observations has been high, and the number of related publications has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, few studies have used bibliometric methods to analyze the scientific research on comorbid pain and depression/anxiety. The aim of this study was to systematically examine the trends in global scientific research on comorbid pain and depression/anxiety from 2012 to 2022.Methods: Papers published between 2012 and 2022 were identified in the Web of Science database. Publications that examined comorbid pain and depression/anxiety were included. The language was limited to English. CiteSpace, Excel and VOSviewer were used to analyze the volume of publications, countries, institutions, authors, cocited authors, and keywords.Results: A total of 30,290 papers met the inclusion criteria of the study. Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Excel, the results showed that the United States (10,614 publications), Harvard University (1195 publications), and Jensen, Mark P. (77 publications) were the most productive country, institution, and author, respectively. The hotspots and frontiers were "relationship between depression and pain", "gender differences in pain and depression/anxiety domains", "study of specific pain types with depression/anxiety", "treatment of pain combined with anxiety/depression", and "effects of COVID-19 on patients with pain combined with depression/anxiety".Conclusion: These findings indicate a growing interest in the field of comorbid pain and depression/anxiety. The research has been broad and deep, but there is still much room for growth. Furthermore, there is a need for more mature global collaborative networks as well as more high-quality research results in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increasing evidence has shown that the intestinal microbiome (IM) is highly linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). To investigate scientific output, identify highly cited papers, and explore research hotspots and trends in the field of IM/CRC, we conducted a bibliometric and visualized analysis. Methods: A bibliographic search regarding IM/CRC research (2012-2021) was implemented on October 17, 2022. The terms attached to IM and CRC were searched for in the titles (TI), abstracts (AB), and author keywords (AK). The main information was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Biblioshiny from R packages and VOSviewer were used for data visualization. Results: A total of 1725 papers related to IM/CRC were retrieved. Publications on IM/CRC have grown rapidly from 2012 to 2021. China and the United States were in the leading position for publications in this field and made the most significant contributions to IM/CRC research. Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Harvard University were the most productive institutions. The high-yield authors were Yu Jun and Fang Jing Yuan. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences published the most papers, whereas Gut had the most citations. Historical citation analysis showed the evolution of IM/CRC research. Current status and hotspots were highlighted using keyword cluster analysis. The hot topics include the effect of IM on tumorigenesis, the effect of IM on CRC treatment, the role of IM in CRC screening, the mechanisms of IM involvement in CRC, and IM modulation for CRC management. Some topics, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, Fusobacterium nucleatum and short-chain fatty acids could be the focus of IM/CRC research in the coming years. Conclusion: This research evaluated the global scientific output of IM/CRC research and its quantitative features, identified some significant papers, and gathered information on the status and trends of IM/CRC research, which may shape future paths for academics and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]