1. STUDENT MOBILITY AND SOCIAL WELFARE: AN EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL INQUIRY INTO THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF SKILLED MIGRATION.
- Author
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YUKARI MATSUZUKA and GÉRARD, MARCEL
- Subjects
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STUDENT mobility , *HIGH-income countries , *SOCIAL services , *SOCIAL impact , *SOCIAL mobility , *HIGHER education research ,ENGLISH-speaking countries - Abstract
In recent years, the global mobilityof tertiarystudents has increased considerably. However, students disproportionately migrate to English-speaking countries, which host nearlyhalf of all international students worldwide. If "twostep migration" takes place, students transition towards becoming skilled workers within their host countries can bring about non-trivial losses in economic performance and social welfare in their countries of origin. Due to this concern, the first part of this paper empiricallydemonstrates the countries that receive more international students and why. The second part of the paper presents a theoretical model that explains social welfare changes caused byskilled migration, which includes a simulation to estimate sending countries losses if students do not return home to work after completing their studies. Byusing Japan as the sending countryand the US as the receiving country in this case study, we found that Japan loses approximately US$423,721 for each international student that remains in the host countryfor life. Further, the empirical analyses show that students are more likely to move to countries with stronger economic power, higher income inequality, higher quality of education and research, and greater government funding for tertiaryeducation. This suggests that disparities in education qualityand earnings within host countries, as well as between origin and host countries, will widen over time. This paper concludes by highlighting the need to develop a financial arrangement between countries such that theycan share the costs and benefits of education to foster a global balance of social welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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