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It screens the input and output indicators of the total factor productivity of Chinese regional construction industry with the method of added value. On this basis, it uses the super-efficiency DEA method to analyze the Malmquist productivity index of construction industry in 31 Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2009. Finally, it identifies the key factors affecting the productivity of China's construction industry, with the method of analysis of variance. With the effective combination of the above three methods, we successfully achieve the objective study in three aspects, that is, the measurement model for productivity, the selection of indicators and the identification of factors, so as to shape a more scientific structure for studying the change of productivity. It finds that the main reason for the steady increase in total factor productivity is technological progress and the improvement in the scale efficiency is just a kind of short-term behavior which is not the key issue. And one key issue to be solved is the improvement of pure technology efficiency. Three indicators, "science and technology investment", "human capital of construction industry", "economy level", exert a great influence on the improvement of the productivity of Chinese regional construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]