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Following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996, adherence was regarded by biomedical researchers as the only way to manage HIV effectively in everyday life. The sociological critique of this biomedical stance posits that the everyday management of HIV goes beyond the biomedical conception of adherence, as HIV-positive individuals undertake healthwork practices that form the basis of HIV management. Using symbolic interactionism and social context theory to ground the lived experience of healthwork, this paper explores the kinds of healthwork people living with HIV in Nigeria undertake. Drawing from 32 semi-structured interviews with HIV-positive individuals living in Nigeria, it was observed that healthwork is an individualized practice including spirituality, testing, counseling, adherence, concealment, dieting, and support-group participation. These practices are shaped by the sociocultural, economic, political, and structural factors in the Nigerian context. Meaningful healthwork practices were informed by the personal responses to HIV diagnosis, and such practices were tied to formal rules, local dynamics, and contextual issues that are shaped by structural and institutional factors. This paper contributes to sociological knowledge on HIV management by demonstrating the importance of context and meaning in the design of health interventions and programs connected with the lived experience of people living with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper questions the adequacy of Georg Simmel's answer to the question, how is society possible? Treating his essay on the question as a contribution to his overall sociology, it argues that the "a prioris" he identifies add little to the general understanding of social forms, are neither necessary nor sufficient to make society possible as a coherent mental construct, and play at best a modest role in Simmel's own analysis of forms. Taking a step beyond Simmel's essay, the paper briefly suggests that, if a Simmelian "epistemological" grounding is to remain relevant to the broader interactionist tradition, conditions for the possibility of society as interaction order should include schemas pertaining to social Wechselwirkung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the university context may partially determine the growth of university spin-offs (USOs), with a cross-national analysis and using an “interactionist” approach.Design/methodology/approach Two samples of USOs, from Spain and Italy (531 and 952 firms, respectively), were examined over the 2005-2013 period. Multilevel modelling was applied to empirically test the hypotheses.Findings The results confirmed that the university context is a critical and effective element for explaining USOs’ growth. The university context affected USOs’ growth only for the Spanish firms, while for the Italian spin-offs the evidence does not report a significant determining influence of the university context. This finding may be interpreted as the localization externalities, determined by the Spanish universities, have a more effective impact at firm level compared with those generated by the Italian universities.Research limitations/implications The paper provides evidence that the university context has a significant role in supporting USOs’ growth in Spain, but not in Italy. This finding, together with the fact that the Italian USOs showed lower growth rates over the period of analysis, may suggest that greater involvement by the Italian parent universities is needed to foster USOs’ growth. The main point to be underlined to decision makers is that policies aimed at fostering USOs need the active involvement of the parent university in the whole growth process of the nascent firm, rather than just in the USO creation process.Originality/value A multilevel approach provides both methodological and theoretical contributions to the study of USOs’ growth, which was adopted as an “interactionist” approach is recommended by literature. In addition, a cross-national approach allows for exploration of the actual effect of the university on the growth of USOs, taking into account international differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Socjologiczny is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to expand the range of empirical work relevant to the extended cognition debates. First, I trace the historical development of the person-situation debate in social and personality psychology and the extended cognition debate in the philosophy of mind. Next, I highlight some instructive similarities between the two and consider possible objections to my comparison. I then argue that the resolution of the person-situation debate in terms of interactionism lends support for an analogously interactionist conception of extended cognition. I argue that this interactionism might necessitate a shift away from the dominant agent-artifact paradigm toward an agent–agent paradigm. If this is right, then social and personality psychology—the discipline(s) that developed from the person-situation debate—opens a whole new range of empirical considerations for extended cognition theorists which align with Clark & Chalmers original vision of agents themselves as spread into the world. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Crítica is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones Filosoficas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jaegwon Kim has developed an argument that interactionist dualists cannot account for the causal relations between minds and brains. This paper develops a closely related argument that focuses instead on the causal relations between minds and neurons. While there are several promising responses to Kim's argument, their plausibility relies on a relatively simple understanding of mind–brain relations. Once we shift our focus to neurons, these responses lose their appeal. The problem is that even if mind–brain causal pairing can be explained at no great theoretical cost, the complex interactions non-physical minds would need to have with neurons cannot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper uses examples from rural studies to demonstrate the relevance of symbolic interactionism for unlocking the complexity of contemporary society. It does so by making a case for a nonprescriptive theory-method dialectic. Case examples are drawn upon in support of the argumentation, including early interactionism and ethnographic work in the United Kingdom, and, in the second half of the paper, rural sociology and fieldwork. The main argument presented is that the traditional remit of interactionism should be extended to recognize how absence is increasingly influential. It concludes that interactionism is in tune with other new trajectories in the social sciences that take into consideration co-presence proximity both on and off-line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the different perspectives of auditors and non-auditors on this question, along with the rationale and impact of these differences. Chinese company law requires an audit report on paid-up capital when business entities are newly formed or their capital altered, which raises questions regarding the liability of auditors should the business entities fail. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted to analyse how legislation can impact on interested parties in a relatively immature audit environment. The theories of social construction of reality and symbolic interactionism are used as a basis for explaining the different conceptions of capital verification held by interested parties. Findings – There is a mismatch between the purpose of capital verification and the functions of paid-up capital. Paid-up capital is not a reliable indicator of business liquidity and creditworthiness. Auditors and non-auditors have different understandings about the assurance provided by paid-up capital at the point of company formation or auditing field work, and at the point of actual trading after the company formation or auditing field work. They also differ on the causation between deficient capital verification reports and trading loss. The liability crisis adversely influenced auditors’ perception of the capital verification service, although it did not lead to outright rejection by them. Originality/value – This paper describes an important compliance auditing service in China. By conducting an analysis of the conflicting views of auditors and non-auditors on capital verification, it contributes to the existing literature on the sources of disputes between auditors and other stakeholders, and the efforts to establish a balanced auditor liability regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances a theory of interactionist mental causation within a non-physicalist property dualist framework. It builds from Chalmers' argument that non-physical experiences can't have causal powers. It reinterprets this as a constraint, then identifies the unique model satisfying it. This has the experience existing passively with physical nature responding actively to it. The paper explores the causal theory presupposed thereby; applies its model to standard property dualism (emergentism) and particulate property dualism (panpsychism); shows how the model coheres with science; integrates it into a revised functionalist framework having three levels instead of the usual two; explains why consciousness detectors will remain impossible; and argues that dualists should find the model troubling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces and comments upon the themes developed in the interview with the sociologist of science and technology Trevor Pinch in this issue of Cultural Sociology. The paper outlines the trajectory of his work since the late 1970s, from the birth of Science and Technology Studies (STS), until his current interest in the relationship between music, technologies, and society. The paper focuses on the growth of the field of STS, pointing out the many interconnections between STS and the wide intellectual universe involving cultural studies, cultural sociology and symbolic interactionism. The paper also considers the leading role Trevor Pinch has played in the shaping of the field of ‘sound studies’, an interdisciplinary field focused on the study of the sonic dimensions of societies, tracing the initial development of this area and how it represents a new set of interconnections between STS and the sociological study of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal for Pedagogical & Educational Matters / Školski Vjesnik is the property of Hrvatski Pedagosko-Knjizevni Zbor, Ogranak Split and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article pushes interactionist sociology forward. It does so by drawing out the implications of a simple idea, that to understand the situation--the mise en scene of interactionist theory--we must understand it in relation not only to past-induced habits of thought and action but to future situations anticipated in interaction. Focusing especially on the rhythmic nature of situations, the paper then argues that such a recalibration both unsettles core tenets of interactionism and helps solve some problems in the sociology of culture. As an illustration, it focuses on two such puzzles--the place of disruption in interaction and the relationship between the notion of "boundaries" and of "distinctions" in the sociology of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current molecular model of Alzheimer’s disease has a number of inadequacies and has so far provided little improvement to quality of life. The entanglement model of Alzheimer’s disease offers an alternative. It conceptualizes Alzheimer’s disease within a complex range of considerations and advocates public health measures in response. This paper seeks to incorporate a social model within entanglement. To address entanglement’s lack of social considerations, a sociological account of dementia more broadly is proposed. A theoretical account is offered through re-examining influential psychosocial work on dementia, within a symbolic interactionist framework. Dementia is illustrated as a process of excess disability, from the discovery of stigma during diagnosis through to the moral career of cognitive decline. As cures are not forthcoming and dementia is currently addressed socially through care, the pursuit of social solutions is an evident, necessary and achievable goal. This can be realized through education, within a broader public health approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free daily papers, Metro and 20 Minutes, originally from Scandinavia, have conquered many national markets with a single recipe: short, illustrated and easily consumed content distributed in large urban areas during the morning or evening peak hours. However, could one say that the urban news mediatized by this press is structured according to the standardized infotainment and sensationalism objectives that are often associated with the commercial media? The research based on three case studies shows that these publications, which have a single logo and format worldwide, develop a specific, place-bound editorial line of exposing the most important risks perceived within late-modern cities by its reporters and their audiences. Interactionism and, more precisely, the ‘social world’ approach to a profession can help understand these differentiated representations of metropolitan dangers by offering a more place-bound and socio-anthropological perspective of journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empathy is an increasingly popular term in the public sphere and in academia. Although the common belief is that empathy is a 'psychological' topic, sociologists have made important contributions to this conversation. The goal of this article is to provide a theoretical effort in advancing the sociology of empathy. In the first part of the paper, I review classical and contemporary statements on empathy. I identify Charles H. Cooley as an important precursor of the sociology of empathy, and discuss how contemporary interactionists have further developed this notion. Based on these previous insights, I next propose a preliminary framework for the study of the social construction of empathy. This framework is presented in two steps. First, I introduce a vocabulary based on interpretivist concepts: empathy frames, empathy rules, and empathy performances. Next, I coin the idea of empathy paths. I theorize three ideal-typical empathy paths: self-transcendent, therapeutic, and instrumental. Throughout this presentation, I use empirical cases to illustrate the applicability of this framework. In the conclusion, I show how sociologists can inform public understandings of the meaning of empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we discuss and compare several two-step estimation procedures for inhomogeneous shot-noise Cox processes. The intensity function is parametrized by the inhomogeneity parameters while the pair-correlation function is parametrized by the interaction parameters. The suggested procedures are based on a combination of Poisson likelihood estimation of the inhomogeneity parameters in the first step and an adaptation of a method from the homogeneous case for estimation of the interaction parameters in the second step. The adapted methods, based on minimum contrast estimation, composite likelihood and Palm likelihood, are compared both theoretically and by means of a simulation study. The general conclusion from the simulation study is that the three estimation methods have similar performance. Two-step estimation with Palm likelihood has not been considered before and is motivated by the superior performance of the Palm likelihood in the stationary case for estimation of certain parameters of interest. Asymptotic normality of the two-step estimator with Palm likelihood is proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies of design focus on designers in their studios, in industry or in the commercial phase of design. In contrast, this paper looks at what happens to design after it leaves the shop. The paper reviews literature on art and design in everyday life, builds on Herbert Blumer’s interactionism, and reports the key results of a longitudinal study done between 2004 and 2007 in Helsinki, Finland. It describes how people define design, how they relate to it, and how their definition of their home creates the environment in which design is either foregrounded or backgrounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly more scholars are voicing concerns over fraudulent events and incidences of malpractice in academic research. Disappointingly, but unsurprisingly, research fraud is a consequence or even a rational response to fitting into a malfunctioning research environment that is fetishised globally. The current system creates a toxic ecosystem for research in which short-term individual interests and institutional goals override long-terms ones. In addition, perverse incentive systems, unequal power balances and barriers to academic freedom define the rules of research. In response to Professor Lee Harvey bringing this debate with many unique examples to light, this commentary extends the conversation by emphasising the factors that create the pressure behind fraudulent studies, as well as listing the latent problems that establish socially acceptable albeit unethical norms that have led to a dysfunctional and destructive research culture in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical paper discusses different linguistic theories that have dealt (or in some cases: not dealt) with how situated utterances are built in natural language: What is the role of abstract systems of linguistic norms or impersonal brain mechanisms? Can individual speakers make decisions about their own utterances? In this paper some traditional, structuralist, interactionist and dialogist theories are mutually contrasted. Starting out from a dialogist framework, a notion of participatory agency will be developed, based on the fact that speakers' situated languaging occurs in various activity types in direct or indirect interaction with others . Recent theories of interbodily dynamics, or intercorporeality, are discussed. A version of extended dialogism is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides an analytical framework in which to understand the particulars of digital mobilities, that is the experience and conduct of proximity – or location – aware connected bodies on the move. I argue that the locative media which promotes such forms of awareness make available two versions of the surrounding world, one embodied, one on screen, which articulate with the same ‘here and now,’ so that a crucial feature of user experience is to recognize and match entities appearing in both versions. The corresponding set of practices may be glossed as a situated ‘unfolding.’ Finally, I will apply this understanding to discuss future mobilities in urban public places and show how the spread of locative media promotes encounters between ‘pseudonymous strangers,’ in lieu of the encounters between anonymous strangers which interactionist urban studies deemed crucial to the twentieth-century western metropolitan experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactionists about folk psychology argue that embodied interactions constitute the primary way we understand one another and thus oppose more standard accounts according to which the understanding is mostly achieved through belief and desire attributions. However, also interactionists need to explain why people sometimes still resort to attitude ascription. In this paper, it is argued that this explanatory demand presents a genuine challenge for interactionism and that a popular proposal which claims that belief and desire attributions are needed to make sense of counternormative behavior is problematic. Instead, the most promising conception of belief and desire ascriptions is the communicative conception which locates them in the context of declarative and imperative communication, respectively. Such a communication can take both verbal and non-verbal form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People interact with artifacts, either products or services, in their lives. These interactions are based on two-way communication between people and artifacts. The characteristics of artifacts that induce natural activities of people, affordances, play critical roles in making interactions successful and meaningful. The notion of affordance features, structural elements of artifacts that provide affordances, has been proposed earlier. In this paper, a methodological framework for design for affordances is proposed where repositories of affordance features are used. Affordances are identified through function- task interaction matrices or use activity observations. Using an affordance feature repository where many alternative structural elements for a specific affordance are stored together with corresponding design constraints and contexts, affordance features for those identified affordances are retrieved considering similarities between the target design constraints and those of the affordance features in the repositories. Using the clues given by such affordance features, a new affordance feature is to be designed through analogical reasoning. We present this design for affordance framework together with illustrative cases where various designers designed affordance features using affordance feature repositories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops, for the purposes of answering some of the problems associated with interactionist dualism, a strategy suggested in the literature on libertarian free will in which non-physical mental events exploit physical indeterminism in effecting mind-body action. three central points made in the paper, all of them to answer what would otherwise be an objection, are that (i) non-physical events that affect the probability of fundamental physical events do not necessarily conflict with the probabilities assigned by physical law; (ii) such interactions would in any case not show up in observations made purely at the physical level; and (iii) views of this kind fuse well with mainstream contemporary arguments for dualism that make use of the conceptual possibility of mind-body dissociation (e.g., zombie arguments). no development of the view for the libertarian is made or intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews important second language research on recasts in response to a recent debate between Goo and Mackey (2013) and Lyster and Ranta (2013) in the journal Studies in Second Language Acquisition. It begins by clarifying the definition of recasts and then examines several controversial issues featuring prominently in the debate, including the theoretical underpinnings of existing research on recasts, mixed findings about their effectiveness in language acquisition, and methodological concerns in effectiveness research. The primary aim of this paper is to demarcate common ground and disagreement that are emerging in this debate and, based on a synthesis and critique of previous empirical studies, to identify directions for future research. It also explores pedagogical implications of recasts research for English-as-a-foreign-language contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital communications have meant a significant acceleration in rate and a widening in scope of interactions across Englishes (Friedrich & de Figueiredo, 2016). From social media posts to fan‐fiction writing, Englishes have been re‐negotiated, and new norms of interface and collaboration have been forged. Hybrid varieties have emerged, and new norms of politeness and opposition (Barnes, 2015) are constantly developing. For example, fan fiction can work as a channel for rewriting social norms through modification of existing texts (Leavenworth, 2015, p. 40), and each social media outlet has its own norms of accepted practices that give away who is an insider and who is not. Through an unstructured exploratory analysis, this paper discusses a few of the features and loci of these new modes of interaction (as in the delineation of speech community, conversational patterns, linguistic innovation) by visiting some of the media most affected by digital modes (such as social media, fan fiction communities, and texting). I will conclude with directions for further research and suggestions for pedagogical actions that not only prepare learners to deal with this reality but also take advantage of the skills they already intuitively bring into classrooms, virtual and physical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the controversies connected to the qualitative and quantitative approach of social knowledge, this article tries to rehabilitate interpretative methodology and its role within social constructivism. After the analysis of the theoretical aspects of the explanation and understanding of social phenomena, the first part of this paper approaches the importance of "ideal types" and their cognitive role. The following section examines the suppositions of symbolic interactionism and the way in which it contributes to the edification of rules, norms, regulations or practices of knowledge and action. The last part of the article focuses upon the implications of social constructivism, of the convergences and discrepancies which take place in this field, as well as the possibilities of exploiting this explicative option in social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Scientific" psychology, after great apparent successes, didn't seems able to account for qualifying features of the human mind and action like those implied in the concept of identity. On the ground of contributions kept out of psychology's mainstream, like Mead's symbolic interactionism and Vigotsky's action theory, some psychological theories were developed in which, on the contrary, identity stays as the essential feature of human beings embedded in historical contexts, but playing an active role inside them. Thus identity becomes a sort of litmus paper for any psychological theory, and not only opens new research directions, but also suggests ways for coming back critically onto psychology's method and object and for reopening the fruitful exchanges of its beginnings with the other human sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to those who more characteristically approach emotion as an individual realm of experience of more distinctive physiological and/or psychological sorts, this paper addresses emotionality as a socially experienced, linguistically enabled, activity-based process. While conceptually and methodologically situated within contemporary symbolic interactionist thought (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969; Strauss 1993; Prus 1996; 1997; 1999; Prus and Grills 2003), this statement is centrally informed by the pragmatist considerations of emotionality that Aristotle (circa 384-322 BCE) develops in Rhetoric. Although barely known to those in the human sciences, Aristotle's Rhetoric provides a great deal of insight into people's definitions of, and experiences with, a wide array of emotions. Addressing matters of persuasive interchange in political, judicial, and evaluative contexts, Aristotle gives particular attention to the intensification and neutralization of people's emotional states. This includes (1) anger and calm, (2) friendship and enmity, (3) fear and confidence, (4) shame and shamelessness, (5) kindness and inconsideration, (6) pity and indignation, and (7) envy and emulation. Following an introduction to "rhetoric" (as the study of persuasive interchange) and "emotionality," this paper briefly (1) outlines a pragmatist/interactionist approach to the study of emotionality, (2) considers Aristotle as a sociological pragmatist, (3) locates Aristotle's work within the context of classical Greek thought, (4) acknowledges the relationship of emotionality and morality, and (5) addresses emotionality as a generic social process. Following (6) a more sustained consideration of emotionality within the context of Aristotle's Rhetoric, the paper concludes with (7) a short discussion of the importance of Aristotle's work for studying emotionality as a realm of human lived experience on a contemporary plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to the quest for an operational definition of begging. Researchers and policy makers examining begging suffer from definitional shortcomings. Social scientists generally provide a minimalistic and paradoxical definition of begging. Begging is indeed, simultaneously considered as a productive activity and as a non-reciprocated gift. Among law and policy makers, there is no consensus on a definition of begging. Begging can be defined broadly or narrowly, it can be considered as acceptable or be criminalized. In order to illustrate the need for an operational definition, the legal definitions of begging enacted in India, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines are compared. Major theoretical definitions of begging are also reviewed. We then suggest an operational definition of begging in which we distinguish between begging policies, begging strategies and begging techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The procedure "didactic sequence" was developed by the researchers from the Geneva Group affiliated with the Sociodiscursive Interactionism with the objective of creating a language teaching methodology that the students could learn language practices that are configured in textual genres. However, this expression has become popular in Brazil and has been frequently used in indiscrimate ways by teachers, researches, magazine editors etc. Given this scenario, it is of extreme relevance to promote the understanding of this methodological procedure so that it can be used in a coherent form and so as that the objectives targeted by their mentors can be attained, namely, the development of languages capacities associated to the reading and production of a textual genre. Therefore, this paper, resulting from our PhD research, aims to present the gears that move this didactic tool from its theoretical perspective, the social interactionism of Vigotski, in this case, represented by the Zone of Proximal Development notion. To structure the paper, the proposed association is illustrated with data and discussions generated by field research, with a collaborative-interventionist characteristic, developed during the PhD research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Gama is the property of Revista Gama and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The hashtag #justsaying is one of Twitter's global stock hashtags. The hashtag is nontopical and appears to fulfil a complex range of metapragmatic framing functions. In this paper, I shall look at Dutch-language tweets in which the hashtag is being used as a fully enregistered 'translingual' framing device, and I will attempt an analysis focused on the specific kinds of communicative actions it marks and organises. I shall use the notion of formatting as the point of departure: hashtags, as part of an innovative online scripted register, can be seen as formatting devices that introduce, proleptically, a recognisable framing effect on the statement (the tweet), often as a reframing response to other statements giving keys for complex and multiple but equally formatted forms of uptake. The hashtag, thus, appears to have powerful interactional structuring effects in formatting specific lines of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study explores the impact of travel agency employees' resilience on their intention to leave and work engagement, and simultaneously examines whether abusive supervision moderates the aforementioned relationships. There is a clear research gap on this subject in the tourism and hospitality literature regarding the moderating affects of abusive supervision on the relationships between resilience, intention to leave and work engagement. The survey was conducted in 18 travel agencies in Taiwan. Of the returned samples, 459 questionnaires were complete. Multiple regression analyses are used to test the four hypotheses of this study. The results indicate that travel agency employees' resilience can reduce their intention to leave and enhance their work engagement. Also, abusive supervision has a moderating affect on the relationship between resilience and intention to leave. Implications for managers of travel agency, theoretical contribution of the paper and suggestions for future research regarding travel agency employees are discussed. Highlights • Travel agency employees' resilience can reduce their intention to leave. • Travel agency employees' resilience can enhance their work engagement. • Abusive supervision has a moderating effect between resilience and intention to leave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agents are generally committed to performing actions based on religious beliefs, even when these are not obviously adaptive. What could explain this fact? The cognitivist hypothesis explains this commitment on the basis of internal cognitive mechanisms. But some have noted the importance of taking into consideration the contexts in which religious beliefs are transmitted, such as rituals: the cultural learner commits herself to a given religious belief when she witnesses displays based on that belief in appropriate situations. In this paper, I argue that we can strengthen this insight by focusing on the shared character of the rituals that facilitate religious belief transmission. First, I present the traditional explanatory hypothesis regarding the origins of religious belief. Second, I sketch three objections that put limits to that model's explanatory power. Third, I explore a hypothesis which accounts for the context of belief transmission and then argue for the necessity of refining it so as to accommodate pertinent explanatory demands. Finally, I present the interactionist model of social cognition as a way to account for the shared character of religious rituals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many sociologists have written about the development of the sociological perspective, known as 'interactionism,' two relatively important questions for understanding its emergence remain scarcely examined. (1) Why did George Herbert Mead become known as its progenitor rather than Robert E. Park ? (2) Why did 'radical interactionism,' which was inspired by Park, fail to appear on the sociological landscape until the first decade of the 21st century, almost a century after the appearance of the 'symbolic interactionism' that Mead inspired? To oversimplify, Mead became anointed as the progenitor of interactionism instead of Park primarily because Herbert Blumer proved to be a far more effective champion of Mead's thought than Everett Hughes proved to be of Park's ideas in sociology. Blumer's greater effectiveness in performing this role was primarily due to a stronger desire to carry the banner for a new sociological perspective, more personal charisma and verbal adroitness, and much closer connection to Chicago School of Sociology during its golden era than Hughes had. Thus, the delayed emergence of a radical interactionism based on Park's work cannot be attributed solely to the failure of Park and his heir apparent, Hughes, to fully grasp the radical implications of Park's work. Even if these implications of Park's work had been crystal clear to Hughes, however, it is highly doubtful that he would have ever considered promoting a radical version of interactionism. His lack of lack of desire to carry the banner for a sociological perspective, absence of personal charisma and verbal adroitness, as well as his want of closer ties to the original Chicago school of sociology, not to mention tepid liberalism, would have made him a very unlikely figure in American sociology to play this historic role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous evaluation of the impact of different types of dynamic assessment on EFL learners' listening comprehension has never been conducted as far as the related literature discloses. Most of the studies connected with the dynamic assessment and various language skills have focused on speaking and writing performance. The present qualitative study aimed to examine Iranian EFL learners' attitudes toward the application of three models of dynamic assessment; namely, Interactionist Dynamic Assessment (I-DA), Group Dynamic Assessment (G-DA), and Computerized Dynamic Assessment (C-DA to Listening Comprehension Instruction. For this purpose, the Preliminary English Test (PET) was administered to 140 Iranian EFL female learners in four English Language Institutes in Ahvaz, Iran, who were chosen through availability sampling, and 80 of them were selected as homogeneous participants of the study. Then, they were given a perception questionnaire intended to elicit their insights about applying the different types of dynamic assessment. Three parallel questionnaires were constructed, each consisting of 15 items, and asking the learners about the efficacy of interactionist dynamic assessment in the I-DA group, group dynamic assessment in the G-DA group, and computerized dynamic assessment in the C-DA group. The descriptive analysis of the respondents' answers revealed that the degree of the IDA, GDA, and CDA learners' positive attitudes towards the application of DA reached statistical significance. This finding implies that EFL teachers may need to deliberate on the positive influence of different dynamic assessment models on EFL learners' listening comprehension improvement and, therefore, provide them with more opportunities to interact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karl Popper’s world 3 theory proposes that the products of the human mind can be considered a third world, partially autonomous of the mental and physical worlds, and real, because it can produce effects on both. When he first introduced the idea in 1960, he took even his close colleagues and students by surprise. Yet tracing the development of his idea shows a great deal in Popper’s previous work and thought led up to what seemed his startlingly new proposal. And far from being the philosophy of his dotage, as some sneered, his world 3 proposal, once fully shaped, became a keystone of his thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assuming that language plays a main role in the development of the individual throughout life, the aim of this paper is to reflect on the mechanisms which upgrade the textual and linguistic construction of knowledge. To do this, I have chosen the Socio-Discursive Interactionism (SDI) theoretical and epistemological perspective. I will focus specifically on the analysis of the mental operations that underlie the forms of knowledge organization and the way these operations are linguistically and textually formed. Based on the positioning of Benveniste, Weinrich and Genette, such operations in the SDI framework are named as types of discourse and are related to two discursive domains: narrating (the temporal coordinates of language action match those verbalised in the text) and exposing (the two coordinates have no match between them). Using a qualitative and interpretative method, the textual analysis will focus on two memorialistic texts, produced in different contexts: (i) Memórias da minha vida (Memoirs of my life), an unpublished text, written by João Azenha when he was 76/77 years old, between 2006 and 2007, limited to household activity; (ii) As pequenas memórias (The small memories), a text written by José Saramago, in the context of literary and household activities and published in Portugal in 2006 by Caminho. Its aims are to analyse the specific linguistic configurations of the discourse types in texts which adopt the textual genre memoirs and analyse the way the discourse types link to the different types of reasoning. This work will enable us to achieve two conclusions. The first is that, in the case of the memoirs genre, the types of discourse take on particular aspects at the level of geneologically determined linguistic units. The second is that the types of reasoning, being indissociable from the discourse types, in the memories genre, are informed not only by formal logic, but also by practical and experiential knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In less than a decade, the World Wide Web has evolved from a predominantly search medium to a predominantly share medium, from holding a functional role to being endowed with a social one. In the context of a reontologisation of the infosphere and of an unprecedented display of mass self-communication, the identity system has gained a legitimate dimension - online identity -, as individuals have become the sum of impressions openly offered online and decoded into a coherent story by the receiver. In the network society, there are consequences to both having and not having an online identity. Originating in an interactionist perspective, the present paper looks into Romanian Millennials in trying to find out whether online identity is undergoing a process of intentionalization, in other words whether it becomes a conscious, planned effort of the individual to build himself/herself a legitimate and profitable dimension in the digital space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An influential scholar given to strategic thinking, Professor Shao Peiren has engaged prolifically with communication studies and media management research. This paper, which aims to explore the main aspects of this great scholar's academic thought, both introduces and looks back on his main academic experience and achievements. A detailed analysis suggests that Professor Shao distinguished himself by advocating indigenization and interdisciplinary research in media and communication; as well, he demonstrated profound patriotic sentiments regarding his country and fellow countrymen. Professor Shao's indigenization thought is based upon his research mode of holistic interactionism which stems from the traditional Chinese concept of the unity of man and heaven. His interdisciplinary study thought is embodied in his achievements in media management, media geography and media ecology. And, his patriotism is most apparent: (a) in his consideration of the needs of disadvantaged groups; (b) in his media management study; and, (c) in his management of the China Media Report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geertz is well known for his methodology. Many Symbolic Interactionists refer to his notion of "thick description." They may not know his work on Indonesia in general, but they often know his famous essay on the Balinese cockfight: "Deep Play" (Geertz, 1972, 1973). That essay is often held up as an exemplary "model" of ethnographic fieldwork. But we need to examine what he calls "thick description" more carefully. After the first few pages of the essay there is actually very little "idiographic description" per se. Much of the paper concerns general description and analysis. We do not get a blow-by-blow account of a cockfight as viewed by Geertz. Instead we get an analysis that is based on Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarianism (Parekh, 1998). There is a good deal missing from the broader analysis as well. Much of that can be found in other work (Geertz, 1959, 1966, 1980, 1995). Students who only read "Deep Play" often form a superficial impression of the method of "thick description" and a distorted sense of Balinese culture (Howe, 2001; Vickers, 1996 [1981]; Warren, 1993). This essay supplements Geertz's essay with a discussion of a religious ceremony of far more importance than the largely secular cockfight. I touch on a central feature of Balinese society not emphasized by Geertz: the temple anniversary festival. It is called an odalan (Belo, 1966 [1953a]; Eiseman, 1990; Geertz, 2004). But the problem is not just restricted to the "Deep Play" essay. Geertz's other work is often also not based primarily on ethnographic thick description. It concerns historical and sociological generalizations. Those are often based on archives and general fieldwork. Geertz also benefits from reading of Dutch research not available in English. The celebrations which take place at a temple are "deeper" than more immediate, largely secular games like a cockfight. Geertz's oeuvre is well worth reading, but his notion of "thick description" needs to be seen in a broader, comparative historical sociological context. That involves Interpretive research paradigms that Geertz, as a symbolic anthropologist, distanced himself from, including Symbolic Interactionism and Weberian verstehende Soziologie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing gender-conflict intersections, the vulnerability that is institutionalised by patriarchy renders women most affected during periods of repression and systematic human rights violations. This study takes a historical approach to problematise Nigeria's 1999 Oputa Commission from women's perspective. By discussing how issues are prioritised amidst nuances of the politics of memory, the study analyses present-day transitional justice processes in conflict-ridden Nigerian communities, especially the northeast and northcentral zones. It presents an intercourse between the academia and civil society to build practical methodologies for policy environment to connect ideas with deployment of resources for integrating women into transitional justice initiatives. As a descriptive and prescriptive study, the hair metaphor of "weaving" alongside the idea of 'symbiotic interactionism' is deployed to discuss how to bring the 'just' back, in matters of transitional justice. Ultimately, the work argues that understanding transitional justice from a gender perspective is power itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic debate about social isolation and loneliness, and their adverse health and well-being implications, has resulted in many policy and programme interventions directed towards reducing both, especially among older people. However, definitions of the two concepts, their measurement, and the relationship between the two are not clearly articulated. This article redresses this and draws on theoretical constructs adapted from symbolic interactionism, together with the Good Relations Measurement Framework, developed for the Equality and Human Rights Commission in the UK, to challenge the way in which social isolation and loneliness are currently understood. It argues for a need to understand experiences of social relationships, particularly those which facilitate meaningful interaction, suggesting that opportunities and barriers to meaningful interaction are determined by wider societal issues. This is set out in a new conceptual framework which can be applied across the life course and facilitates a new discourse for understanding these challenging concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines social and ethnic group membership among sixthgrade students at a Czech lower secondary school whose student population is predominantly heterogeneous in terms of ethnicity. The main focus is on group membership in the sixth grade, which is considered as the worst class at school and which is attended by several Roma boys and girls. Special attention is paid to the boundary constructions in the groups of children from an anthropological perspective and interactionism. The article is based on qualitative, and ethnographic fieldwork. The central method of the fieldwork was observation. This method was partially supplemented by materials from the school evaluations and interviews with teachers and other respondents during the field research. Research findings derive from fieldwork conducted at the school that is perceived as problematic by local residents. The school is located near a socially excluded locality in the Czech Republic where a large number of the buildings are in deplorable condition, with many apartments unoccupied. Many city residents consider the locality to be a "Roma ghetto". The article contributes to understanding the grouping and social and interethnic communication among twelve-year-old students. The article sheds light on the benefits of being in a group and how students and groups communicate with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here I present 'stories of reading' as a model that takes account of the way an actual reader, together with other readers in a group, reacts to a text as part of an interpretive event. I demonstrate the model through the shared reading and discussion, by a non-academic group of Israeli women, of a Hebrew translation of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Romantic fragment Christabel. This work, published in 1816, has produced a rich history of 'stories of reading' in oral group discussions during its creation and since its reception. Thus, I argue, it entails collaborative investigation and interpretation. Moreover, its potential as a fragment poem may be fully uncovered and brought to the fore when read in a group context. I present an ethnography of the reading that examines how personal and collective 'stories of reading' in this group revealed meanings of the poem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the Language for Specific Purposes approach presupposes velocity, the sociodiscursive interactionism theory (BRONCKART, 2003; 2006; 2008; SCHEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004) postulates a processual work, organized in didactic sequences which aim at the development of language capacities necessary to act in particular contexts. This perspective requires several hours of study focused on a given textual genre to ensure the comprehension of language as a social practice and of text as a semiotic instrument, which allows effective verbal communication in singular situations. Aligned with this perspective, the challenges of this paper are to analyze and illustrate possible and necessary adjustments in the Swiss proposal that can be applied to the learning-teaching process of languages for specific purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present article is to contribute to the development of the Desire-Belief-Opportunity-model from a symbolic interactionist perspective. The main argument is that this model needs to incorporate the classical notion of definition of the situation to be able to account for the formative impact of interaction on the formation of actor's beliefs, as well as the complex interdependency between two of its key components, namely the beliefs and the action opportunities of the actor. It is argued that the theoretical advancement of the DBO-model in this particular direction is not only feasible but also brings it considerably closer to the analytical refinement and the empirical validation it currently lacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]