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Adults with mild stroke face substantial challenges resuming valued roles in the community. The term "mild" provides false representation of the lived experience for many adults with mild stroke who may continue to experience persistent challenges and unmet needs. Rehabilitation practitioners can identify and consequently intervene to facilitate improved independence, participation, and quality of life by facilitating function and reducing the burden of lost abilities among adults with mild stroke. The Health and Wellness Task Force identified 2 important, and often interdependent, goals that frequently arise among adults living with mild stroke that must be addressed to facilitate improved community reintegration: (1) return to driving and (2) return to work. Adults with mild stroke may not be receiving adequate rehabilitative services to facilitate community reintegration for several reasons but primarily because current practice models are not designed to meet such needs of this specific population. Thus, the Health and Wellness Task Force convened to review current literature and practice trends to (1) identify opportunities based on the evidence of assessment and interventions, for return to driving and return to work; and (2) identify gaps in the literature that must be addressed to take advantage of the opportunities. Based on findings, the task force proposes a new interdisciplinary practice model for adults with mild stroke who are too often discharged from the hospital to the community without needed services to enable successful return to driving and work.

Research on the formation structure and characteristics of top-impact papers can serve as the basis for the construction of social media-based information communication pattern, and guide papers to gain high attention in both the Internet and academia. In this study, we used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assign index weights for comprehensive impact (CI) and uses this to determine high-impact papers (HIP). By analyzing evaluation indexes and text attributes, as well as by comparing the characteristics of high-citation papers (HCPs) and HIPs, we elucidated the mechanism of HIPs formation. For this, we extracted all data (2630 articles) from PLoS Biology (2009–2018) as our objects of analysis. In addition, a structural diagram was used to summarize the results. The study results revealed that academic and social impacts of HIPs are interdependent and complementary. The indicators’ variation frequency and amplitude of HIPs are far higher than those of HCPs. Two indicators are constituting the direct impact source for HIPs. Redundant keyword and title do not significantly contribute to the impact of the paper. Under a moderate number of conditions, the more collaborative the paper, the more it is recommended and communicated. Although citation remains the most widely accepted index of a paper, researchers should not ignore the impact of papers via social media.

The declining cost of sea transport has been a necessary condition for the growth of the global pulp and paper industry, especially in regions remote from economic centres. Thus, pulp and paper industries and international shipping have coevolved, especially since the 1960s, enabling producers to tap global markets and develop global production chains. The paper products trade flows, however, have changed a number of times over the last 400 years. This chapter describes and explains these developments and shows how the technological solutions in global shipping and strategic choices among the pulp and paper companies have been interdependent, especially since the 1960s. peerReviewed

The complexity and difficulty for designing and developing automation programs based on the IEC 61131–3 [1] is continuously increasing. With the VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 [2] a new level of complexity will be reached - control modules with more complex interfaces, services as functional capsulation in process operations and interdependencies to other unknown up- or downstream modules. In these applications, the proven procedural approach reaches its limits. The object-oriented paradigm could be the solution. However the object-oriented extension of [1] is not supported in many available plc development tools. This results in a low acceptance and low experience in object-oriented thinking by plc developers. This paper will be focused on an object-oriented motivated transformation of design principles and patterns into Structured Text. The results are demonstrated in form of a best practice implementation for programs compliant to [2]. The presented approach does not use any kind of supportive or generating tools, it's based completely on the possibilities of IEC 61131–3.

Within the ENTRIA project, an interdisciplinary group of scientists developed a research paper3 aiming at a synthesis of the technical, sociology of knowledge, legal, societal, and political aspects of dose limits within the field of radioactive waste management. In this paper, the ENTRIA project is briefly introduced and the work on dose limits is put into the perspective of this much larger project. Selected aspects of the ENTRIA work on dose limits related to the different roles such limits play for different actors as well as to the specific case of nuclear waste disposal are presented. The work recognizes that such limits are indispensable for technological developments and legal security but, at the same time, depend on country and project specific circumstances. This may result in serious conflicts and concerns in public debates as well as in the political realm. In order to better understand the interaction and interdependencies of these various contexts in which debates about dose limits play out, future interdisciplinary research is needed. This research should contribute to an open discourse on dose limits which reflects underlying values, objectives, actors and procedures that have defined present dose limit regimes. Additionally, this research should indicate paths for potential alternatives and complements to these established regimes.

Although participatory supply chain analysis (PSCA) is widely used to trigger action in development aid, there is very little published describing the method, its benefits and limitations. The theoretical background of participatory processes related to supply chain analysis and the related benefits and limitations found while implementing the method in Laos are presented. It is concluded that joint problem-solving in supply chains can be facilitated through PSCA as the method allows participants to evaluate their initial assumptions, investigate institutional barriers, gather new information and realise some of the interdependencies among supply chain participants. On the other hand, the lack of legitimate representatives, the failure to convince important stakeholders to participate, distances between participants, the length and breadth of the supply chain were factors limiting joint action. This method is recommended to study supply chains of niche products and local/regional products locally processed.

Summary Review of recent critical care provision reveals substantial changes in clinical unit operating, and policy drivers influencing international critical care delivery. Practitioners who have worked in healthcare environments over this time, will have witnessed substantial shifts in healthcare policy, changes in professional body guidance and greater service evaluation have impacted on critical care management and leadership. This paper offers a personal perspective on seminal management and leadership papers published in the critical care literature over the past decade. Presenting a range of national and international work that utilise diverse approaches, ten key papers are highlighted that have impacted in the United Kingdom setting. Through this, the influence of the modernisation agenda, the increasing significance of outcome studies, and the need for flexible, interdependent practice emerges. A key message to surface from this paper is the need for all in critical care to engage with, and understand the wider implications of management and leadership change for critical care delivery.

Critical infrastructure (CI) services are consumed by the society constantly and we expect them to be available 24 hours a day. CIs can be mutually dependent on each other and a failure in one infrastructure can cascade to another interdependent infrastructure to cause service disruptions. Methods to better assess and monitor CIs and their interdependencies in order to predict possible risks have to be developed. In this work, we present a method for CI analysis to identify critical entities in CIs at a management/organisational level as well as at a technical level supported by the PROTOS-MATINE model for dependency analysis.

Introduction The increasingly uncertain and fast-changing environments in which today's organizations operate call for a shift of attention from organizations—and organizational practices or routines—as fixed entities to the study of the distributed ( Hutchins 1995 ) and situated ( Suchman 1987 , Lave 1988 ) dynamics by which they emerge and are constructed. Capturing how organizations learn to strike a balance between stability and coherence, on one hand, and flexibility and change, on the other, however, is non-trivial ( Tsoukas and Chia 2002 , Farjoun 2010 ). It requires abandoning static views of organization to reveal the microdynamics of organizing, including the processes through which organizational routines and capabilities emerge and evolve. The first crucial step forward in this direction has been to relinquish a fixed characterization of routines as monolithic objects to study the internal mechanisms by which they emerge as practices ( Feldman 2000 , Feldman and Pentland 2003 ). As a result, we have moved from conceptualizing routines as automatic, as dead or as opaque black boxes, to seeing them as alive, embodying agency and the potential for change ( Cohen 2007 , Pentland and Feldman 2008 ). In particular, this reconceptualization has proposed that routines themselves have dynamics. These routine dynamics have generally been theorized around the interaction of performative and ostensive aspects of routines. Empirical research and modeling of routine dynamics has extended our understanding of the role of routines in producing stability and change ( Howard-Grenville 2005 ; Levinthal and Rerup 2006 ; D'Adderio 2008 , 2011 ; Salvato 2009; Zbaracki and Bergen 2010 ; Lazaric 2011 ; Rerup and Feldman 2011; Pentland et al. 2011 , 2012 ; Salvato and Rerup 2011 ; Turner and Rindova 2012 ). While some of the questions made possible by the practice turn in research on organizational routines have been addressed, many questions remain. The following is a thematic list of questions. We do not propose these themes as mutually exclusive as we recognize the substantial interconnection among them. Instead we suggest the themes as points of entry that provide opportunities to explore the effects of routine dynamics in complex empirical field settings: Coordination. Since Stene (1940) , routines have been described as way facilitate coordination. At the same time, we find many instances of routinized action that seem to undermine effective coordination (e.g., when two routines have different time scales). How does focusing on the actions people take as they produce and reproduce routines enable us to understand the role of routines in enabling and inhibiting coordination? What role do the ostensive aspects of routines play in coordination? Interdependence. Routines have been defined as repetitive, recognizable patterns of interdependent actions, carried out by multiple actors ( Feldman and Pentland 2003 ). Interdependence is an element of this definition that has not received much attention. What is the role of interdependence in the formation and dynamics of routines? Some attention has been paid to the interaction between performative and ostensive aspects of routines. What can we say about the interdependence of performative aspects within a routine, the interdependence of ostensive aspects of the same and of different routines? Multiplicity and ecologies of routines. Existing research has generally focused on one routine at a time. What happens when routines are interconnected? What happens when single performances contribute to multiple ostensive aspects? What happens when multiple patterns or ostensive aspects impinge upon the same performance? Actants and artifacts. What is the role of artifacts (material and immaterial), such as standard operating procedures, classifications, computer systems, and so on in the production and reproduction of routines? What is the role of artifacts as intermediaries and mediators ( D'Adderio 2008 , 2011 ) in the performance of routines? And how do they interact with the ostensive and the performative aspects? More generally, how are networks of action related to networks of actants (human and non-human, material and non-material)? How do different configurations—or sociomaterial entanglements—of actors and actants influence and shape routines? Routines and institutions. While research focusing on the dynamics of routines has been fruitful, routines exist within institutional and organizational contexts. What is the role of routines in (re)creating institutional contexts (and vice versa)? How does the practice-based nature of routines play a role in creating and recreating the contexts in which they are practiced? How do the interactions of routines within a context affect the nature of the context? Mechanisms for feedback and change. Under appropriate conditions, individuals can learn and change their patterns of action through feedback. Do these processes apply to organizational routines and if so, how? What is the role of feedback in the stability or change of routines? How is mutual constitution similar to or different from feedback? Why do some routines stay the same when we want them to change, while other routines change when we want them to stay the same? Recombinations and mashups. Some argue that routines evolve through variation, selection and retention, but what is the role of recombination (e.g., recombining chunks of routines to create a new routine) and mashups (e.g., combining in ways not defined by predetermined chunks) in routine dynamics? When are recombination and mashups possible? Is there any evidence that they actually occur? What factors facilitate or limit recombination and/or mashups? Granularity and levels of analysis. Organizational researchers often rely on traditional levels of analysis (individual, group, subunit, organization, field…). Can we construct a similar hierarchy for routines? How would that relate to traditional levels in organizational research? How does stability/change at one level influence (or fail to influence) stability/change at the other levels (up or down) in the hierarchy? Would this focus help us understand the relationship between organizational capabilities and routines (Becker, Lazaric, Nelson and Winter 2005)? Time scales. Routines operate on very different time scales (seconds, minutes, hours, weeks, months, years). The temporal dimension of routines has received very little attention. Does this matter to issues such as coordination, interdependence, institutions, stability, change, etc.? Do time scales help us understand path dependence, path creation and drift in routines? Performation. Routines are becoming increasingly distributed across projects and organizations. How do routines spread over time and space? How do the ostensive aspects and/or the formal or informal descriptions of a practice become instantiated at different points in time and across different locales? How are different spatial or temporal instantiations/enactments of the routine coordinated? What is the role of artifacts in this coordination? Cognition. Routines have traditionally been seen as reducing cognitive load and operating through procedural memory. When agency is conceptualized as a feature of routines, then otherwise settled questions of cognition become open to scrutiny. For instance, how do routine dynamics influence cognition, interpretation, and sense-making and how are routine dynamics influenced by cognition, interpretation, and sense-making? To what extent are these phenomena (traditionally conceived as individual level psychological processes) shaped by the sociological processes of organizational routines? Generativity and novelty. Some routinized processes (e.g., project management routines) are capable of producing significantly different substantive results each time they are performed. For example, an architectural firm may use a recognizable, repetitive process for designing buildings, yet each design is different. Other routines are focused on producing exactly the same result every time. What governs this difference? Are there limits to the generative power of routines? Can routines generate other routines in this manner? What is the role of formal descriptions of routines (such as standards or “best” practices) and templates (actual examples) in guiding and shaping actions in routines? At what point, and in which circumstances, does innovation/adaptation erase the value of the template or model? And what implications should we expect for innovation and adaptation when formal routines and models become embedded into artifacts? Review Process All authors will receive an initial screening, and only papers deemed to have a reasonable chance of acceptance after the two or three rounds of accelerated review will enter the process. Submissions are due September 1, 2013. Manuscript submission is handled electronically via ScholarOne Manuscripts: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/orgsci .

The 2018 Camp Fire caused significant damages to the education and healthcare systems in the town of Paradise, CA. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative case study about disaster impacts and disparities, interdependencies, and recovery strategies of schools and hospitals in Paradise. Four major themes of findings emerged from the qualitative analysis of interviews with teachers, counselors, and administrators in Paradise education and healthcare systems and extensive archival research. First, complex and long-standing mental health challenges are the dominant impact on the educational system. Second, educational and healthcare impacts are shaped by social vulnerability. Third, educational and healthcare systems play a critical role for recovery of socially vulnerable groups due to the interconnectedness of community components. Fourth, adapting to new communication norms and technologies is effective for supporting educational and community recovery. Several specific recommendations are provided based on the findings for building back more resilient and equitable education and healthcare services.