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The relevance of a study has been recognized as the main factor in the rejection or acceptance of papers by editors of journals. Thus, justifying the study in a clear and persuasive way is an essential skill for researchers. However, despite its importance, research manuals provide superficial guidelines on how to present the study's relevance. Thus, the objective of this paper is to identify the types of arguments used to justify scientific research in administration. To obtain the answer, we used exploratory research implemented by mixed methods (concomitant triangulation). As a result, six types of arguments were identified for papers in administration: authoritative, scarcity, theoretical contribution, necessity, practical contribution and missing gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops and motivates a unification theory of metaphysical explanation, or as I will call it, Metaphysical Unificationism. The theory's main inspiration is the unification account of scientific explanation, according to which explanatoriness is a holistic feature of theories that derive a large number of explananda from a meager set of explanantia, using a small number of argument patterns. In developing Metaphysical Unificationism, I will point out that it has a number of interesting (and to my mind, attractive) consequences. The view offers a novel conception of metaphysical explanation that doesn't rely on the notion of a "determinative" or "explanatory" relation; it allows us to draw a principled distinction between metaphysical and scientific explanations; it implies that naturalness and fundamentality are distinct but intimately related notions; and perhaps most importantly, it re-establishes the unduly neglected link between explanation and understanding in the metaphysical realm. A number of objections can be raised against the view, but I will argue that none of these is conclusive. The upshot is that Metaphysical Unificationism provides a powerful and hitherto overlooked alternative to extant theories of metaphysical explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic Growth is a vital condition for human Development, yet not adequate in itself to promise it; in this way, different measurements and determinants of human improvement must be explored by analysts. This examination investigates the effect of outside direct speculation (FDI), human advancement record (HDI) and remote settlement on monetary development in south Asian nations for the time of 1986-2016. Board ARDL test comes about uncover a long-haul connection between FDI, human advancement files and foreign remittance on economy development. In this way, to get ideal outcomes approach producers ought to know about and consider the upsides and downsides of on a few parts of FDI, Human Development list and Economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the phenomenology of social interaction. It states that the emotional tone of an interaction can be traced in nonverbal, fantasy and value-expressive levels. It says that tracing relationship patterns between social interaction levels can help researchers in providing clues on motivational processes. It tells that the interpersonal conflicts are much more ego-involving for children that for an adult who can classify conflict with the help of differentiated self-conception.

A safety plateau in the construction industry has been reported in the US and Canada, which has prompted researchers to seek new factors affecting construction safety performance. Tapping into advancements in the theory of human and organizational behaviors can yield valuable new perspectives. Therefore, by leveraging the advancement of the Job Demand Control Support model in the field of occupational safety and health, this paper firstly tested the impact of one newly added hindrance stressor (i.e., interpersonal conflicts on construction sites) by researchers on organizational behaviors on the safety performance of construction workers, based on two cross-sectional studies in the US and Canada. Differentiations were made between conflicts with supervisors and conflicts with coworkers. One personal resource factor, i.e., individual resilience, was also considered in this paper. A "causal" chain that shows the mitigation impact of individual resilience on conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, and the adverse impact of conflicts with supervisors or coworkers, on unsafe events were found to hold true for both US and Canadian construction sites, based on the results from measurement invariance tests and structural equation modelling. Recommendations regarding how to improve construction workers' individual resilience and reduce interpersonal conflicts on site, thereby reducing safety incidents on site, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication studies often measure trust in or credibility of message sources as if their effects on critical consequences such as behavior are uniform across individuals and contexts. Drawing on the literature of attitude strength, this paper argues that considering the certainty of trust judgments enables researchers to better understand when trust is likely to induce desired behavior such as cooperating with a judged authority. Using two studies in different contexts, one from a local environmental dispute and another from the national-level COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., the current paper shows that communication practices (e.g., personal interaction, news media use, interpersonal discussion) reinforce people's certainty in their judgment of authorities. This certainty, in turn, interacts with the effect of trust such that trust judgments greater in certainty are more likely to lead to behavioral intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on two anomalous cases of intervention in two English-medium dissertation defence sessions in Iran. The first is an intervention by a co-supervisor to take side against his co-supervisor as well as to adversely retort to an examiner, pulling rank over him. The second case echoes frequent interventions by an examiner to defend the candidate against his co-examiner. The paper argues that behind this manifestation of such stark disagreements lies a moral judgement that overrides other considerations. While such interventions pose great challenges to the participants' interpersonal relationships and lead to a great deal of face-loss and humiliation for the object of intervention, their practice is warranted by interveners to tackle a moral issue. The paper argues that invoking moral order in claims to specialised knowledge is an integral part of professional practice and are influential in the many ways that professional identities are co-constructed in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to probe the prevailing belief that engaging in innovative work behavior (IWB) will invariably lead to favorable outcomes. To do so, the paper integrates followership theory and cognitive dissonance theory to investigate the connection between employees' IWB and despotic leadership, and the mediating role of interpersonal conflict with the supervisor in this connection. Moreover, the moderating impact of the supervisor's dispositional resistance to change trait on the direct and indirect relationship between IWB and despotic leadership is explored. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected through a multi-wave survey of 350 employees and 81 supervisors working in 81 public schools. Findings: The findings show that IWB has a positive and significant relationship with despotic leadership, and this relationship is mediated by interpersonal conflict with the supervisor. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that examines the link between IWB and despotic leadership via interpersonal/dyadic conflict and explores the moderating effect of leadership dispositional resistance to change trait in this indirect relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a novel hybrid-fusion neural network technique and cloud computing environment, this paper examines the relationship between individual flexibility, workplace interpersonal problems, and construction worker safety. The population is made up of construction firms based in Mashhad, Iran. This is an applied study, and the data collection approach used is a descriptive survey. The data was obtained using cloud-based storage, data analysis techniques, and data processing tools. The primary objective is to investigate the critical nature of personal safety on construction sites and techniques for minimizing construction accidents. The statistical population consisted of Mashhad, Iran-based construction firms. Due to the impossibility of studying the entire research population, a sample of n = 200 participants was chosen for this study. Following questionnaire distribution, 151 valid questionnaires were gathered. The primary study instrument was a 28-item questionnaire devised by the researcher based on the Questionnaire on the Experience and Evaluation of Work and occupational health. On a Likert scale, the things were rated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used to determine the questionnaire's validity. SPSS-26 software was used to analyze the data in a MATLAB environment. The findings indicate that interpersonal conflict, workplace stress, supervisor involvement, physical injuries, dangerous incidents, and coworker participation are all connected with worker safety at a significant level of p 0.05. One of the research's advances is the use of new hybrid-fusion neural networks. Cloud computing has performed admirably in this study, taking into account the massive volume of data for speedy analysis and the development of a mechanism as an appropriate application. Additionally, the study was motivated by a dearth of comprehensive research on individual flexibility and interpersonal conflicts among construction workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the interpersonal communication theories that have incorporated the use of information and communication technologies (Walther, 2007, 2011, 2017) and the perpetual interconnectedness to understand human behavior in interaction with others (Walther et al., 2015), the current paper approaches challenges brought by the network society in the way we bridge our online and offline self. Castells' concepts are primarily used to explain macro-phenomena, for example, social movements (Castells, 2015), political and socio-economic transformation around the world (Castells, 2017), and to a lesser extent in discussing meso-phenomena, such as social isolation, exhaustion, the commodification of human interactions and interpersonal conflicts arise as part of individual's adaptation to the Information Age. The current paper creates links between Castells' main concepts of the network society theoretical framework and three meso-theories used in the interpersonal communication field to explain people's online behavior in interaction by focusing on the characteristics of the communication medium: The social presence theory, Media richness theory, and the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE). Sharing Castells' optimism on how network society creates efficiency and innovation in human interactions, we draw attention to less optimistic aspects related to the constant pressure of constructing relationships through virtual reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deliberate targeting and violent destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq's ancient city of Mosul by the Islamic State (2014–17) has recently given way to the emergence of heritage initiatives aimed at restoring its urban character and reviving its cosmopolitan spirit. Such restoration projects invariably stir debates over timing, funding and local consultation, as well as their potential to contribute to post-war social cohesion and communal healing. This article argues that in post-conflict settings heritage restoration is always an ambivalent and contingent process, involving the selective use of emotive historic symbols to create new realities. Based on 50 in-depth interviews with a diverse section of Moslawi society and site observations from Mosul (2022–23), the article explores local perspectives and the ongoing dynamic negotiation of heritage restoration. Amidst conflicting communal perceptions of large-scale internationally funded reconstruction projects, the article highlights the potential for grassroots heritage initiatives to offer a new impetus towards communal rehabilitation. The paper focuses on three less examined but locally championed Moslawi heritage sites—the souqs, Qila'yat district and heritage homes. These civic spaces may offer greater opportunity for social recovery through economic development, cultural exchange and everyday co-existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper underscores the nature of conflict and examines ethnic and communal conflicts in Nigeria. It proposes a mechanism for resolving ethnic conflicts, which melds the theory of conflict, conflict resolution, and peace-building with traditional African values. It also highlights the importance of empowering local community leaders with appropriate skills in conflict prevention, management, and resolution without recourse to external intervention. Given that the abandonment of ‘utility-laden’ traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution for foreign models mostly gave rise to the myriads of avoidable violent conflicts all over Africa, it becomes a desideratum to revive and promote hitherto traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution in Nigeria. The paper adopts the historical and analytical method of research deploying secondary data to achieve its aim. The paper in its little form contributes to the trajectory of alternative conflict resolution process of ethnic and community conflicts in Nigeria, which serves as a possible model for other African nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generalized interpersonal trust is an essential component of a functioning society. While some studies have examined how the perception of terrorism affects trust, cross-national works investigating the impact of actual terrorist attacks on individual trust remain mixed. In this paper, I use insights from existing studies to disaggregate generalized interpersonal trust in response to terrorism in two distinct dimensions, prosocial motivation, and strategic signaling. While threat perception from terrorism lowers interpersonal trust in all contexts, I argue that actual events distinctively shape a person's interpersonal trust. In a relatively stable and secure context of a non-post-conflict country, individuals living closer to terrorist incidents express increased interpersonal trust. But in post-conflict countries, those closer to terrorist incidents tend to show more distrust. To test the argument, I use the World Values Survey dataset of fifty-two states and create a terrorism scale for 717 survey regions within the countries, considering their spatial and temporal closeness to each terrorist incident. Results obtained from three-level hierarchical models (state, region, and individual) are robust and contribute to our understanding of how terrorism shapes interpersonal trust in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread concern has been raised about the possibility of potential biasing factors influencing the measurement of organizational variables and distorting inferences and conclusions reached about them. Recent research calls for a measure-centric approach in which every measure is independently evaluated to assess what factor(s) may uniquely bias it. This paper examines three popular stressor measures from this perspective. Across three studies, we examine factors that may bias three popular measures of job stressors: The Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (ICAWS), the Organizational Constraints Scale (OCS), and the Quantitative Workload Inventory (QWI). The first study used a two-wave design to survey 276 MTurk workers to assess the three stressor scales, four strains, and five measures of potential bias sources: hostile attribution bias, negative affectivity, mood, neutral objects satisfaction, and social desirability. The second study used an experimental design with 439 MTurk workers who were randomly assigned to a positive, negative, or no mood induction condition to assess effects on means of the three stressor measures and their correlations with strains. The third study surveyed 161 employee-supervisor dyads to explore the convergence of results involving the three stressor measures across sources. Based on several forms of evidence we conclude that potential biasing factors affect the three stressor measures differently, supporting the merits of a measure centric approach, even among measures in the same domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the dark core's role in an employee's evaluations of coworkers electronic multitasking behaviors. Using an experimental vignette design collected via Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 485), we demonstrate that employees high in the dark core report higher turnover intentions and more interpersonal conflict, regardless of the multitasking behavior relevance. A three-way interaction between multitasking relevance, perceived intentionality, and the dark core when predicting turnover intentions emerged. Perceived coworker intentions played the largest role in impacting turnover and interpersonal conflict. Implications for theory and practice are discussed below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the tensions and struggles over elder care that are happening in South Africa between family caregivers, care workers and the state. These struggles are experienced and expressed at the familial and community level but are best understood by examining how the state has de-funded facilities in favour of ‘ageing in place’ without any additional investment in community and home-based care support. The findings reveal that stresses on unpaid and paid carers are expressed in terms of individual failings and interpersonal conflict rather than through a socio-political contextual lens. These findings contribute to how a familialist care regime impacts the everyday personal relationships between paid and unpaid carers of older persons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of climate change vulnerability on the likelihood and severity of communal violence, with a particular emphasis on delineating large-scale regional patterns. Specifically, the analysis centres on Sub-Saharan Africa and South/South-East Asia – both regions being predominantly characterised by rain-fed agriculture and climate-sensitive economic activities – spanning the years 1995 to 2021. Relying on the ND-GAIN Vulnerability Index as a multidimensional measure for propensity of societies to be negatively impacted by climate change, we found robust evidence that greater vulnerability is conducive to a higher likelihood and severity of communal violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. On the other hand, in South/South-East Asia, results suggest that current climate variability, measured as rainfall deviations within the period, exerts a greater effect on communal violence outbreak than overall vulnerability to climate change. In both regions, greater access to productive means is significantly associated to the reduction of communal violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the educational experiment of Rabindranath Tagore and its larger implications for world peace. As violence becomes the new normal amongst the youth of the world, the challenge for societies is to build cultures of peace instead of cultures of violence. In this context, this paper discusses the ideas of Tagore on education, and proposes that his model of education has elements on the basis of which a strong foundation for a new culture of peace can be laid. A study of his ideas throws light on how his education system was meant to restore peace at different levels building relations of love and friendship (maitri) between people. His model of education can help peacebuilders in the transformation of conflicts at different levels: peace at the global level (transforming interstate conflicts), peace within society (transforming social conflicts), peace between human beings (transforming interpersonal conflicts), peace with nature (transforming human relationship with the environment) and peace within self (transforming conflict within one's own self). This paper discusses how Tagore's education system anticipated contemporary concerns of peace education, and conceived the development of an environment where direct, cultural, and structural violence would recede, giving way to positive peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how the conflict of interest between shareholders and creditors affects corporate payout policy. Using mergers between lenders and equity holders of the same firm as shocks to the shareholder-creditor conflict, I find that firms pay out less when there is less conflict between shareholders and creditors, suggesting that the shareholder-creditor conflict induces firms to pay out more at the expense of creditors. The effect is stronger for firms in financial distress. Received March 22, 2017; editorial decision October 17, 2017 by Editor Wei Jiang. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix , which is available on the Oxford University Press Web Site next to the link to the final published paper online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes the case for including critical harmony as a complement to justice within civic education. The concept of harmony is significant for civic education because it acknowledges the crucial role that relationships play in society—an important moral, ethical, and social ideal in many cultures around the world. Harmony must also incorporate a critical dimension, however, by embracing conflict and tension, valuing difference and diversity, and striving for balance among divergent voices. By using examples of public issues such as housing and gender identity to illustrate the relational dimension of public policy, this paper argues that the concept of critical harmony can contribute to a more comprehensive foundation for students' deliberation of civic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overwork is prevalent in labour-intensive industries, such as the hospitality sector, especially in Asia. This paper explores the dual-squeeze effect of professional life on personal life, which constitutes critical antecedents of overwork. Additionally, it investigates the organizational and individual consequences of overwork. A multi-wave, multi-source field study was conducted to verify a two-stage structural equation model. Results show that all three types of job demands (time demand, work intensity, and emotional labour demand) are positively associated with task performance. Not only do job demands directly affect overwork, but they also promote work–family conflict, which indirectly cause overwork. Further, overwork inhibits helping behaviour and aggravates interpersonal conflicts, which are covert organizational outcomes. The impacts of overwork on family satisfaction vary with marital status and gender. Our findings contribute to the literature of overwork by taking a ternary approach to work–family–leisure and elucidate the concealed consequences for organizations and individuals' well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first section of this paper, we will make a short foray into the literature dedicated to human resources in the Covid-19 pandemic, especially human resources in the field of industry, commerce and services. The second section, also very condensed, is dedicated to the review of some concepts involved in the foundation of our qualitative research: esteem and self-image, interpersonal relationships, job satisfaction, social capital and human resource development The methodology section lists the main topics covered by the research instrument - the interview guide: 1) personnel and work schedule restructuring in organizations in the economic field during the pandemic; 2) the impact of the pandemic at the level of relationships in health work groups/work teams; 3) cooperation, competition and conflict between employees; 4) the self-esteem and self-confidence of employees; 5) some aspects of employees' social capital (trust, tolerance, personal relationships outside work place); 6) human resource development activities (learning, development and training opportunities) and their form of organization. The presented results reveal the many common problems that the human resource in the economy faced during the pandemic, but also some aspects that differentiated the industrial, services and commercial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to analyze the recent phenomenon of the development of a Matri Sena (literally, an 'Army of Holy Women') among the Matua sect of West Bengal, India. Historically known to have suffered caste-based untouchability and forced migration due to communal conflict, the Matua community's current political motivations surround the issue of 'refugeehood' and Indian citizenship. Given this background, the emergence of the Matri Sena as a complex identity among a religion–caste–gender–nation nexus is oriented towards bipartite objectives: one, to actualize the gender-egalitarian ethos that informs Matua religious foundations, and two, to claim legal citizenship status for its community members precisely through a new gendered ideology. We argue that the women gurus of the Matri Sena are able to realize their religious/political aims by fashioning themselves as mothers of an ideal family, community, and by extension, the nation. In deploying their specific gendered ideological constructions, they enact their new roles as influencers in both private and public Matua lives. In such renderings, the woman guru's mother-figure emerges as a political subject through crucial engagements with Matua religiosity on one hand, and dominant Hindu nationalist discourses on the other. In this article, we critically analyze ways in which the Matri Sena constructs a new maternal notion of religio-political power, and how such power furthers both collective Matua aspirations and contemporary national imaginations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introspective disputes are introspectively based disputes about features of experiences. This paper addresses the question of what kinds of disagreement are exemplified in such disputes. The following kinds of disagreement are reviewed with respect to introspective disputes - verbal, metalinguistic, faultless, deep and genuine disagreements. The paper defends the conclusion that introspective debates are genuine debates that are mostly of the theoretical kind and that some such debates may also involve metalinguistic negotiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity of conflict increases as organizations become more open and diverse. Interpersonal conflict is a conflict that occurs between two or more individuals who work together in groups or teams. This is a conflict that occurs between two or more individuals. Many individual differences lead to interpersonal conflict, including personality, culture, attitudes, values, perceptions, and other differences. The purpose of this paper is to identify Islamic communication patterns in efforts to handle internal organizational conflicts. The methodology of this research uses a literature study using books and literature as the main object. This type of research provides a clear, objective, systematic, analytical, and critical description and information regarding communication strategies in dealing with internal conflicts contained in the Qur'an. These research findings that individual differences in goals, expectations, values, proposed actions, and suggestions on the best way to handle a situation cannot be avoided. Interpersonal conflict handling basically teaches organizational members to be able to handle interpersonal conflicts in various situations effectively and set the right mechanism so that unresolved problems are handled properly. One of the efforts to deal with this is the pattern of Islamic Communication based on Islamic sharia guidelines in terms of morality. So, this results paper concluded that in principle, in preventing and reducing the risk of conflict between organizations can be done with the principles of Islamic communication as explained in the Koran such as Tabayun, Tahkim, Al Syura, Al Afwu, and Al Ishlah. The Implication of this paper hope conflicts that can be handled well will only produce constructive results. Conflict and its resolution have an important role in private, public, and political organizations, as well as in judicial and employment disputes, in military operations and many other institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of social positioning and interpersonal conflicts in management teams. This paper utilizes positioning theory to analyze team conflicts by combining microlevel interaction analysis and explicit, meso-level team research in the context of managerial work. Design/methodology/approach: This research is based on an analysis of 34 conflict episodes that occurred during management board meetings conducted by two Finnish public research institutions. By analyzing naturally occurring interactions and video material, this paper presents a discursive analysis of conflict from the perspective of positioning theory, focusing on local moral orders, social positions and the construction of dialogue. Findings: This study's findings illuminate how team conflicts may be understood in terms of positioning theory, as well as how positioning is connected to managing conflicts and constructing either degenerative or generative dialogue in teams. The present study indicates possibilities for applying positioning theory as a methodological tool when studying team interactions and dialogue. Practical implications: The study offers practical implications regarding team conflict management. By developing an understanding of the positioning dynamics of managers and other team members, one can help create constructive and generative dialogue in teams. Originality/value: From a methodological perspective, this paper presents a novel approach to the study of team conflicts and outlines several suggestions regarding the theoretical approach in the analysis of team interaction and dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition process in the Republic of Macedonia caused a number of changes, acknowledging that the new market economy system inspired and intensified the process of establishing a family business (BF). Despite the fact that family businesses are one of the oldest forms of business, they have a very low survival rate. It has been proven that only 13% of FBs manage to be inherited in the third generation. (Ward: 1987) Indeed, family and business are so intertwined in BF that the potential for disagreement is greater than in formal firms others. (Lee & Rogoff, 1996). As a family firm grows in age and number of employees and family owners, as well as in wealth, conflict increases due to differences in goals and strategy. Usually, interpersonal conflict is caused by rivalry between family members (Keanon Alderson, 2015; 140). This process will necessarily be introduced in the business transition phase. To measure how successful a BF is, business and family well-being scores are taken as criteria. A business that has positive outcomes for the business as well as for the family will be considered successful BF. ((Ritch L. Sorenson; 1999) The purpose of this paper is to detect which are the strategies that should be used to give better results for the business but also for the family, ie what is the correlation between strategies and outcomes of business and family. A survey was conducted at 104 BF in Northern Macedonia to confirm the following hypotheses: Hypothesis 1:The use of the cooperation and compromise strategy will result in positive output in business and family results.Hypothesis 2: The use of the strategy for competition and avoidance during resolving conflicts in family business result in negative outcomes in business and family. 3 Hypothesis: Good communication in FB will result in positive output in business and family results. Hypothesis 4: Well formalization FB will result in positive output in business and family results Hypothesis 5: Strategic planning in FB will result in positive output in business and family results. From the results of the field research, it was confirmed that cooperation and compromise like the management of conflict strategies in terms of family businesses are in direct correlation with business and family outcomes, while the strategy of competition and avoidance give an opposite effect. Good communication has a positive correlation with business and family outcomes. So, the last hypothesis was confirmed that BFs who have a satisfactory level of communication have better business and family outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mood disorder characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania or mania. Despite its primarily biological roots, the onset and course of the disorder have also been related to psychosocial factors such as early adverse experiences and related maladaptive schemas. Several researchers proposed a schema therapeutic model to treat patients with BD. In this paper, we further develop the theoretical model and elaborate on seven elements that were found effective in the psychosocial interventions with individuals with BD: monitoring mood and early symptoms of relapse, recognizing and management of stressful situations and interpersonal conflicts, creating a relapse prevention plan, stabilizing the sleep/wake cycle and daily routine, encouraging the use of medication, and reducing self-stigma and substance use. Apart from that, we describe the elements of the schema work with patients who suffer from BD. Illustrative clinical cases accompany the theoretical framework. The research of the schema therapy with patients with severe mental illnesses has only recently started developing. The presented paper also aims to encourage further research in this area and highlight potentially beneficial research goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]