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This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in questioned documents from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol Review Papers 2019.pdf .

openaire: EC/H2020/766900/EU//TEQ Funding Information: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the . Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. EU H2020 framework through Collaborative Projects TEQ 766900 COST Action CA15220 International Mobility Programme DfE-SFI Investigator Programme 15/IA/2864 Royal Society Wolfson Research Fellowship scheme RSWF\R3\183013 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000266 EP/T028106/1 Academy of Finland https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002341 QuantERA grant SiUCs 731473 QuantERA Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant UltraQute RGP-2018-266 Foundational Questions Institute Fund(“Exploring the fundamental limits set by thermodynamics in the quantum regime”) FQXi-IAF19-06 yes � 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. We deploy a combination of reinforcement learning-based approaches and more traditional optimization techniques to identify optimal protocols for population transfer in a multi-level system. We constrain our strategy to the case of fixed coupling rates but time-varying detunings, a situation that would simplify considerably the implementation of population transfer in relevant experimental platforms, such as semiconducting and superconducting ones. Our approach is able to explore the space of possible control protocols to reveal the existence of efficient protocols that, remarkably, differ from (and can be superior to) standard Raman, stimulated Raman adiabatic passage or other adiabatic schemes. The new protocols that we identify are robust against both energy losses and dephasing.

We examined changes in the number of authors per paper for science and technology papers (agricultural sciences, engineering and technologies, medical sciences, and natural sciences) in Korea. We employed the Scopus database to examine the change in the number of authors in papers, which were published from 2000 to 2015 in the 234 Korean academic journals indexed on Scopus. We found that the global trend of growth in the number of authors per paper is evident in Korea as well. While there was little evidence of a correlation with the citation per paper, a positive correlation was found between with the field-weighted citation impact, another measure of a paper’s impact, in medical and natural science papers. In terms of the type of collaboration, we found that international collaboration papers had the highest number of authors, followed by national and institutional collaborations. The number of authors per paper was highest for those published in the top 10% journals by Source Normalized Impact per Paper, followed by Scopus-indexed journals, while papers published in Korea Citation Index had the lowest number of authors per paper. We propose that the rise in the number of authors per paper in Korean papers may be ascribed to many Korean research programs encouraging group research and the widespread availability of the internet, which has stimulated joint research efforts and encouraged international collaboration.

Objective: What roles do librarians and information professionals play in conducting systematic reviews? Librarians are increasingly called upon to be involved in systematic reviews, but no study has considered all the roles that librarians can perform. This inventory of existing and emerging roles aids in defining librarians’ systematic reviews services. Methods: For this scoping review, the authors conducted controlled vocabulary and text-word searches in the PubMed; Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts; and CINAHL databases. We separately searched for articles published in the Journal of the European Association for Health Information and Libraries, Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, the Journal of the Canadian Heath Libraries Association, and Hypothesis. We also text-word searched Medical Library Association annual meeting poster and paper abstracts. Results: We identified 18 different roles filled by librarians and other information professionals in conducting systematic reviews from 310 different articles, book chapters, and presented papers and posters. Some roles were well known such as searching, source selection, and teaching. Other less documented roles included planning, question formulation, and peer review. We summarize these different roles and provide an accompanying bibliography of references for in-depth descriptions of these roles. Conclusion: Librarians play central roles in systematic review teams, including roles that go beyond searching. This scoping review should encourage librarians who are fulfilling roles that are not captured here to document their roles in journal articles and poster and paper presentations. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program .

El fraude científico debe ser condenado por diversas razones (1). Cuando un autor o autores deciden enviar un mismo artículo a varias revistas científicas se inicia una labor editorial que consume todo tipo de recursos, pues las revistas deben evaluar dicho manuscrito hasta lograr su publicación final. Este desgaste es costoso desde el punto de vista de horas de trabajo de editores, miembros de los comités científicos, pares evaluadores, asistentes editoriales, correctores de estilo, traductores, diseñadores gráficos y otros profesionales que participan en esta labor meritoria; además, perjudica a las revistas científicas por el enorme consumo de recursos económicos que conlleva.En la actualidad, es necesario que las publicaciones científicas cuenten por lo menos con un programa que permita identificar similitudes en altos porcentajes entre artículos. Aunque no existe unanimidad en las diferentes publicaciones biomédicas sobre cuál debe ser el punto de corte de similitud, la Revista de la Facultad de Medicina estableció el 30% como el parámetro a tener en cuenta. Solo en el caso de artículos derivados de tesis doctorales o de maestría y de trabajos finales de grado se acepta una semejanza mayor, esto siempre y cuando los autores mencionen en el artículo que es producto derivado de dichos trabajos. Scientific misconduct must be condemned for various reasons. (1) When an author or authors decide to submit the same article to different scientific journals, editorial work initiates, consuming all kinds of resources, since the journals must evaluate said manuscript until its final publication. This is a costly process considering the working hours of editors, members of scientific committees, peer reviewers, editorial assistants, proofreaders, translators, graphic designers and other professionals involved. It also affects greatly scientific journals because of the huge expenditure of economic resources that the whole process entails.Currently, all scientific publications need to have at least one program that identifies high percentages of similarities between articles. Although there is not a consensus regarding the cut-off point for similarity in different biomedical publications, the Journal of the Faculty of Medicine established 30% as the parameter to be considered. A higher percentage of similarity is only accepted for articles derived from doctoral or master's theses and final graduation works, as long as the authors clearly state that the article is a by-product of said works in the body of the manuscript.

Progress of carbon nanotube (CNT) research and development in terms of published papers and patents is reported. Developments concerning CNT structures, synthesis, and major parameters, in terms of the published documents are surveyed. Publication growth of CNTs and related fields are analyzed for the period of 2000–2010. From the explored search term, “carbon nanotubes”, the total number of papers containing the CNT concept is 52,224, and for patents is 5,746, with a patent/paper ratio of 0.11. For CNT research in the given period, an annual increase of 8.09% for paper and 8.68% for patents are resulted. Published papers for CNT, CVD and CCVD synthesis parameters for the period of 2000–2010 are compared. In other research, publications for CNT laser synthesis, for the period of 2000–2010, are reviewed. Publications for major laser parameters in CNT synthesis for the period of 2000–2010 are described. The role of language of the published references for CNT research for the period of 2000–2010 is also investigated. Published papers/patents in English, Japanese, Chinese, Russian, German, French, Polish, and Spanish languages are compared. As expected, the number of paper/patent publications in English dominates other languages.

Background Vibrio cholerae is endemic in South Asia and Africa where outbreaks of cholera occur widely and are particularly associated with poverty and poor sanitation. Knowledge of the genetic diversity of toxigenic V. cholerae isolates, particularly in Africa, remains scarce. The constraints in improving this understanding is not only the lack of regular cholera disease surveillance, but also the lack of laboratory capabilities in endemic countries to preserve, store and ship isolates in a timely manner. We evaluated the use of simplified sample preservation methods for molecular characterization using multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) for differentiation of Vibrio cholerae genotypes. Methods and Findings Forty-seven V. cholerae isolates and 18 enriched clinical specimens (e.g. stool specimens after enrichment in broth) from cholera outbreaks in Cameroon were preserved on Whatman filter paper for DNA extraction. The samples were collected from two geographically distinct outbreaks in the Far North of Cameroon (FNC) in June 2014 and October 2014. In addition, a convenience sample of 14 isolates from the Philippines and 8 from Mozambique were analyzed. All 87 DNAs were successfully analyzed including 16 paired samples, one a cultured isolate and the other the enriched specimen from which the isolate was collected. Genotypic results were identical between 15 enriched specimens and their culture isolates and the other pair differed at single locus. Two closely related, but distinct clonal complexes were identified among the Cameroonian specimens from 2014. Conclusions Collecting V. cholerae using simplified laboratory methods in remote and low-resource settings allows for subsequent advanced molecular characterization of V. cholerae O1. These simplified DNA preservation methods identify V. cholerae and make possible timely information regarding the genetic diversity of V. cholerae; our results set the stage for continued molecular epidemiological research to better understand the transmission and dissemination of V. cholerae in Africa and elsewhere worldwide., Author Summary Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, causes an estimated 3–5 million cases every year and more than 100,000 deaths. The highest disease burden is reported from Africa, however, the epidemic potential and transmission patterns among circulating strains is scarcely understood. The challenges of disease surveillance are constrained by the costs associated with laboratory confirmation and sample preservation. To improve the ability to identify the cholera disease burden, to subsequently understand the molecular epidemiology of circulating cholera strains, and to elucidate transmission patterns, we applied simplified collection methodologies to facilitate timely molecular characterization of V. cholerae isolates from Cameroon, Mozambique and the Philippines. Enriched specimens as well as cultured isolates were examined, demonstrating that enriched specimens provide sufficient material for genetic analysis. The results of the genetic analyses did not suggest significant genetic diversity within two distinct outbreaks in Cameroon. The study detected a possible relationship between isolates present in Cameroon and two isolates from Mozambique, two geographically distant nations in Africa. Whole genome sequencing can test whether this hypothesis is correct. Our findings set the stage for surveillance and molecular characterization in these areas to elucidate more fully the relationship and disease transmission patterns.

In the first years after the Second World War the editorial and book movement expanded. During the years 1945–1950, there were 17 publishing houses and some occasional publishers in Toruń. The result of their activity involves 322 publications. The article focuses on the problem of layout pertaining to particular works and emphasizes issues such as illustrations, paper and publication size. Furthermore, it presents designers responsible for the projects of covers and illustrations used in the printed matter. Pierwsze lata powojenne były okresem bujnego rozwoju ruchu wydawniczo-księgarskiego. W Toruniu w latach 1945–1950 funkcjonowało siedemnaście oficyn oraz grupy wydawców przygodnych. Efektem ich dzielności są trzysta dwadzieścia dwa druki. Artykuł koncentruje się na kwestii opracowania graficznego poszczególnych pozycji, akcentując takie zagadnienia, jak papier, objętość czy ilustracje. Prezentuje także twórców odpowiedzialnych za projekty okładek oraz materiał ilustracyjny wykorzystywany w publikacjach.

A model for calculating the assessment or consultability of archives was developed. This model includes an archive sampling procedure, defining damage profiles, damage sub-profiles and the development of a classifier. Research showed that the whole model developed is reliable and can be carried out easily.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NONE DECLARED The paper presents an analysis of how EFMI disseminates new knowledge and of the active medical informatics journals in EFMI member countries, which was carried out as an outcome of the EFMI Council meetings in London in 2008, Sarajevo in 2009 and Antalya in 2009 . The analysis identifies eight active major informatics journals and several other publications. Most are subscription-based and published at least quarterly. There is a possibility for the editors to meet regularly and form a community of practice with the aim of further improving their effectiveness in disseminating new knowledge and best practice in medical informatics. It is feasible to share expertise and it may be possible to harmonise several aspects of preparation and submission of manuscripts so that some of the identified barriers in publishing are reduced.