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In this research, it was aimed to analyze the profiles of secondary school female students considering STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) careers at university by collecting information such as education status of the parents, number of siblings, monthly income of the household, their favorite courses at school and the departments they intend to choose at the university. The research addressed the following question: "What is the profile of secondary school female students who consider choosing STEM careers?" This study is structured according to instrumental case study design, one of the qualitative research designs. The research data were collected from 210 female students studying in Anatolian high schools by a form in which the students' information was requested. After collecting the forms applied to a wider workgroup, female students' data were separated and the departments they intend to choose at the university were analyzed. Originally, the form has been applied to a larger sample, following the collection of the data, the data of female students was analyzed separately to see the departments that they consider at the university. The departments stated by female students were coded as STEM careers and non-STEM careers. The results obtained from the evaluation of the data are given as frequency and percentage. Regarding female students who consider preferring STEM careers, it was found that the education level of their parents is high; the number of siblings and therefore the number of people in their household is low; the monthly household income is moderate or high; and the students who like the courses directly related to STEM fields are more interested in choosing STEM careers. It is seen that more than half of the female students who want to choose STEM careers want to pursue a career in medicine. [This study was presented as an oral paper at the International Conference on Science, Mathematics, Entrepreneurship and Technology Education.]

In this paper, it is aimed to analyze the acquirements and topics in Turkish secondary school history textbooks that are published by the Ministry of National Education (MEB) and by the private sector to determine to what extend the place given to history of science and history of medicine. In the study, the document and content analysis techniques are used. The documents in this study are Turkish secondary school history textbooks to be taught across the country currently. Elaborates on the history of science and history of medicine acquirements in the textbooks, it can be said that Turkish secondary history textbooks' quantitative coverage of the HOS and HOM topics is 9.7 percent on average. Among the seven secondary school history textbooks, the 10th grade textbook is given the largest space (8.6 percent of the textbook) and again the 11th grade the revolution history of Turkish republic and the principles of Ataturk curriculum is given the smallest space (0.8 percent of the textbook).

The shortfall of young people, particularly women, in the field of Science, Mathematics and Engineering (SME) has been shown in many national studies. Schreiner and Sjoberg (2007) indicated that boys outnumber girls in physics and engineering studies, while the gender balance is shifted towards the girls in studies including medicine, veterinary medicine, environmental science and biology. This paper sets out to explore the issues, which are relevant to understanding these gender differences and the factors affecting students' career choices. The instrument called "Vilje-con-valg" was used to obtain data from 1635 first year students from eight different departments--mechanical, civil, computer, electrical-electronics, industrial, chemical, environmental and food engineering at 21 universities in Turkey. The results of this study showed that (i) most of the students decided on career options during their last grade level in high school or after graduation from high school, (ii) students were influenced by the jobs that they were interested in; their talents and abilities that they wanted to use and job prospects after graduation, (iii) internet, popular scientific magazines, books and movies were important factors in choosing their careers and (iv) the creativity and independence in the jobs are important considerations that influence career decisions. (Contains 7 tables and 1 figure.)

In this paper, we describe the Scientific Habits of Mind Survey (SHOMS) developed to explore public, science teachers' and scientists' understanding of habits of mind (HoM). The instrument contained 59 items, and captures the seven SHOM identified by Gauld. The SHOM was validated by administration to two cohorts of pre-service science teachers: primary science teachers with little science background or interest (n = 145), and secondary school science teachers (who also were science graduates) with stronger science knowledge (n = 145). Face validity was confirmed by the use of a panel of experts and a pilot study employing participants similar in demographics to the intended sample. To confirm convergent and discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis and evaluation of the reliability were calculated. Statistical data and other data gathered from interviews suggest that the SHOMS will prove to be a useful tool for educators and researchers who wish to investigate HoM for a variety of participants. (Contains 1 table.)

Building upon the World Health Organization's recent publication WHO Strategy for Traditional Medicine (WHO 2002), this paper examines the historical position of "traditional medicines" at their intersection with the development and modernization of a biomedically based health care system in Turkey. This paper considers how the historical development of Turkey's health care system, as a prominent site for the articulation of the state's broader modernization project, sustained particular formulations of subjectivity and citizenship that were defined in opposition to a set of cultural practices and modes of religious-political authority represented by "traditional medicines." Consequently, projects and policies seeking to formally integrate "complementary" or "alternative" therapies directly confront this past and the various ways in which it is reenacted in constituting the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at investigating the effect of ontogenetic and diurnal variability on yield and quality criteria of Mentha piperita. The research was conducted in the Ordu province of Turkey for two years. The trial was established in a randomised complete block design with 3 replications according to factorial regulations. Four different harvesting periods (budding, first flowering, 50% flowering, 100% flowering) and three harvesting hours (9:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., 5:00 p.m.) were evaluated. A significant difference was determined between the trial years in all characters examined: plant height 55.9--69.0 cm, fresh herb yield 3 236--16 438 kg/ha, drug-herb yield 1 748--2 862 kg/ha, fresh leaf yield 3 477--4 506 kg/ha, drug leaf yield 968--1 253 kg/ha, essential oil ratio 2.0--2.5% and essential oil yield that varied between 19--28 L/ha. The highest yields were obtained at the beginning of flowering in drug leaf yield and 100% flowering period for all other characteristics. Diurnal variability was statistically significant only in the rate of essential oil, and the highest rate occurred in the 9:00 a.m. harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1930s Turkey, doctors frequently emphasized self-sacrifice in their public speeches through radio, talks given at various medical conventions and university lectures. This article aims to problematise this discourse through the way the doctors utilised it pragmatically to resolve certain issues that were important for their community. Two controversies will form the focus of the paper: the first concerns the employment problem of new graduates of the Faculty of Medicine. The second is the income tax controversy that took place between the doctors and government in the first half of the 1930s, during the preparations of a new tax law. In the final part of this article, I will argue that these two controversies are linked to the question of advancement of medical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My discussions with ISHM members have disclosed considerable interest in the history of the relations that Turkey and its medicine have had with other countries. Dr Lellouch, the secretary of ISHM, originally suggested that I address the subject of Turkish-French relations by means of an essay in Vesalius. This led me to consider a wider ranging paper on Ottoman-European relations. For completeness, I have briefly covered the Turkish peoples' relations with the Eastern, as well as the Western World. The overall aim of this article is to act as a stimulus for further discussion on the international relations in health sciences between Turks and other peoples.

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The assumption that civilization was originated in the East, was one of the most important points emphasized by the intelligentsia of the late Ottoman reign. This conviction was appreciated in the thought of Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (1823 - 1895), a famous figure of the period. Cevdet Pasha, who believed that the source of science and education was started in the East, claimed that Europe was acquainted with Islamic science during the Crusades. In this paper Cevdet Pasha's ideas related with small-pox, cholera, plague, poisons and microbes are mentioned. This study is based on Cevdet Pasha's documents related with these subjects; and the transcriptions of the texts are given.

Copyright of Anthropologica is the property of CASCA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adalya is the property of Koc University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The studies conducted so far on the history of the clinical algorithm have not noticed to the works of Ahmad Al Hayati Ibn Muhammad al- Qurashi (917 AH- 1511 AD), who, to the best of our knowledge, was the first person who applied multiple branching algorithms (arborization) to medical books, and his book named Shajarat al-Tibb (lit. a tree of medicine) followed the dendritic method (multiple branching algorithms (arborization) in presenting medical information. The book includes brief, yet useful, information, coordinated in a wonderful arrangement of the medical science rules, such as naturals, manuals, symptoms, and treatment arts. Moreover, the book, written at the time of Sultan Beyazid II, was mentioned in the Index of Medical Manuscripts in Turkey. It can be concluded that Ḥayati, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad was the first medical professor to adopt the use of clinical algorithms. If the translation of his books was available, his research and expertise would be known to more researchers as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although whole human genome sequencing can be done with readily available technical and financial resources, the need for detailed analyses of genomes of certain populations still exists. Here we present, for the first time, sequencing and analysis of a Turkish human genome. We have performed 35x coverage using paired-end sequencing, where over 95% of sequencing reads are mapped to the reference genome covering more than 99% of the bases. The assembly of unmapped reads rendered 11,654 contigs, 2,168 of which did not reveal any homology to known sequences, resulting in ∼1 Mbp of unmapped sequence. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery resulted in 3,537,794 SNP calls with 29,184 SNPs identified in coding regions, where 106 were nonsense and 259 were categorized as having a high-impact effect. The homo/hetero zygosity (1,415,123∶2,122,671 or 1∶1.5) and transition/transversion ratios (2,383,204∶1,154,590 or 2.06∶1) were within expected limits. Of the identified SNPs, 480,396 were potentially novel with 2,925 in coding regions, including 48 nonsense and 95 high-impact SNPs. Functional analysis of novel high-impact SNPs revealed various interaction networks, notably involving hereditary and neurological disorders or diseases. Assembly results indicated 713,640 indels (1∶1.09 insertion/deletion ratio), ranging from −52 bp to 34 bp in length and causing about 180 codon insertion/deletions and 246 frame shifts. Using paired-end- and read-depth-based methods, we discovered 9,109 structural variants and compared our variant findings with other populations. Our results suggest that whole genome sequencing is a valuable tool for understanding variations in the human genome across different populations. Detailed analyses of genomes of diverse origins greatly benefits research in genetics and medicine and should be conducted on a larger scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campylobacter is genetically highly diverse and undergoes frequent intraspecific recombination. Turkeys have been identified as an important reservoir for Campylobacter jejuni which is of public health significance. The assessment of the genetic diversity among Campylobacter population is critical for our understanding of the epidemiology of this bacterium. The genetic profiles were different according to the molecular typing methods used. The performance of established flaA genotyping, multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and DNA microarray assay based on the ArrayTube™ technology was evaluated using 14 Campylobacter jejuni isolated from a commercial turkey flock. The flaA typing was performed using PCR-RFLP with restriction enzymes Sau3AI, AluI, a ‘composite’ flaA analysis of AluI and Sau3AI and DdeI. The 14 isolates were differentiated into 3, 5, 7 and 9 genotypes, respectively. Entire flaA gene and short variable region (SVR) sequences were analysed. Sequencing of the entire flaA provided 11 different genotypes. flaA-SVR sequence analysis detected 8 flaA alleles and 4 flaA peptides. One new flaA allele type (528) was identified. MLST analysis represented 10 different sequence types (STs) and 5 clonal complexes (CCs). The microarray assay recognised 14 different genotypes. The discriminatory indices were 0.560, 0.802, 0.857, and 0.912 for flaA-RFLP depending on the used enzymes, 0.890 for flaA-SVR, 0.967 for entire flaA sequencing, 0.945 for MLST and 1.00 for the DNA microarray assay. The flaA gene was genetically stable over 20 passages on blood agar. In conclusion, the different typing tools demonstrated a high level of genetic heterogeneity of Campylobacter jejuni in a turkey flock, indicating that a single flock can be infected by multiple genotypes within one rearing cycle. DNA microarray-based assays had the highest discriminatory power when compared with other genotyping tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination of 2450 papers published by foreign authors in 284 Indian science journals from 1311 institutions spread over 102 countries indicates that Asian countries are the largest contributors to these journals. Turkey, USA, Iran, China and Nigeria contributed to about 48% of the total foreign-authored publications. Most of the prolific institutions are situated in Turkey and Iran. The largest numbers of contributions are in the discipline of medicine followed by chemistry and material science. The proportion of foreign authored contributions to Indian science journals has witnessed a three-fold increase in 2006 as compared to July 1982 - June 1984 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publication ethics, an important subtopic of science ethics, deals with determination of the misconducts of science in performing research or in the dissemination of ideas, data and products. Science, the main features of which are secure, reliable and ethically obtained data, plays a major role in shaping the society. As long as science maintains its quality by being based on reliable and ethically obtained data, it will be possible to maintain its role in shaping the society. This article is devoted to the presentation of opinions of PhD candidate students in health sciences in Ankara concerning publication ethics. The data obtained from 143 PhD students from the fields of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and veterinary reveal limited but unique experiences. It also shows that plagiarism is one of the worst issues in the publication ethics from the perspective of these young academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines India and Turkey as case studies relevant to the Senlis Council’s ‘poppies for medicine’ proposal. The proposal is that Afghan farmers are licensed to produce opium for medical and scientific purposes. Here it is posited that the Senlis proposal neglects at least three key lessons from the Turkish and Indian experiences. First, not enough weight has been given to diversion from licit markets, as experienced in India. Second, both India and Turkey had significantly more efficient state institutions with authority over the licensed growing areas. Third, the proposal appears to overlook the fact that Turkey’s successful transition was largely due to the use of the poppy straw method of opium production. It is concluded that, while innovative and creative policy proposals such as that of the Senlis proposal are required if Afghanistan is to move beyond its present problems, ‘poppies for medicine’ does not withstand evidence-based scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although the history of medicine in the Ottoman period has received considerable attention, especially from Turkish scholars, standard general works on the history of Muslim science and medicine after the Middle Ages rarely discuss Turkish and Ottoman medicine. Furthermore, the limited discussion usually does not go beyond referring to great medical discoveries in the Ottoman Empire, or alternatively its intellectual decline. The yardstick for the evaluation of Ottoman medicine seems to have been exposure to and acceptance of European medicine. Ottoman medicine was positioned between two simplistic poles, the dichotomy of 'east'. In this article, I try to answer two interrelated questions. First, why is it that despite its erudition, Turkish scholarship of Ottoman medicine is hardly utilised by western scholars, even those specialising in Muslim medicine? Secondly, why is it that the two discourses, the Turkish and the western, share (or at least used to share) a non-dynamic image of Ottoman medicine? I claim that the frozen image that appears in the scholarship came about because of two different discourses--one Orientalist and Arabist, the other nationalist and Turkish--which joined together at this particular point for different reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate factors influencing utilization of health services by women aged 15 years and older having any health symptoms within the previous 15 days in a city center located in the eastern part of Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, subjects (1,000 households) were sampled from the ‘city-information-system’ based on household satellite photographs of the city. Nine hundred and thirty-five households out of 1,000 were included in the study (response rate: 93.5%), and 1,613 subjects were interviewed. Seven hundred and eighteen women out of 1,613 participants reported at least one health symptom (44.5%), and of these, only 208 (29.1%) reported utilization of health services for these symptoms. The mean age of those 208 participants was 36.8 (±14.1) years, with a range from 15 to 77. Most were illiterate (56.7%); 79.8% were covered by social insurance; 66.4% were married (legal and religious marriage); and only 3.4% worked outside the home. Those who utilized health services for their health symptoms within the previous 15 days were more likely to be highly educated, to be covered with a social insurance for health expenses, to have a chronic disease, and to use health services for check-ups. Other factors such as economic conditions and type of the disease, etc. might have influenced health service utilization. Future studies in larger populations are recommended for further analysis (logistic regression modeling) in the same region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Turkey, there was no legal regulation of research on human beings until 1993. In that year "the amendment relating to drug researches" was issued. The main objectives of the regulation are to establish a central ethics committee and local ethics committees, and to provide administrative control. There are no compulsory clinical ethics lectures in the medical curriculum, so it is also proposed that research ethics committees (RECs) play a central educational role by helping physicians to be aware of moral problems and by contributing to the training of research teams. (Journal of Medical Ethics 2000;26:459-461) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents announcements of various conferences related to the field of research in dermatology. XV International Congress of Dermatology is to be held from October 16-22, 1977 in Mexico City, Mexico. The scientific program will cover all aspects of structure and function of the skin as well as clinical and experimental dermatology. International Symposium on Behcet's Disease will de held in Istanbul, Turkey from September 29-30, 1977. International Symposium on Cutaneous Mycoses will be held in Rome, Italy from April 29-30, 1977.