13 results on '"Eshraghian, Jason K."'
Search Results
2. Tri-State Memristors Based on Composable Discrete Devices.
- Author
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Li, Xiao-Jing, Wang, Xiao-Yuan, Li, Pu, Iu, Herbert H. C., Eshraghian, Jason K., Nandi, Sanjoy Kumar, Nath, Shimul Kanti, and Elliman, Robert G.
- Subjects
PARALLEL electric circuits ,DYNAMICAL systems ,SYSTEMS development ,MEMRISTORS - Abstract
We develop a tri-state memristive system based on composable binarized memristors, from both a dynamical systems construction to the development of in-house fabricated devices. Firstly, based on the SPICE model of the binary memristor, the series and parallel circuits of binary memristors are designed, and the characteristics of each circuit are analyzed in detail. Secondly, through the analysis of the connection direction and parameters of the two binary memristors, an effective method to construct a tri-state memristor is proposed, and verified using SPICE simulations. Finally, the characteristics of the constructed equivalent tri-state memristor are analyzed, and it is concluded that the amplitude, frequency and type of the input signal can affect the characteristics of the equivalent tri-state memristor. Predictions from this modeling were validated experimentally using Au/ Nb 2 O 5 /Nb cross-point devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Nanoscale Memristor‐Based Spike Timing‐Dependent Plasticity Learning in a Radix‐X Quantized Retinal Neural Network.
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Kim, Young Hwan, Eshraghian, Jason K., Goo, Yong Sook, and Cho, Kyoungrok
- Subjects
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PHOTORECEPTORS , *RETINAL ganglion cells , *RETINA , *CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks , *VISUAL cortex - Abstract
The human retina sends visual signals to the brain's visual cortex from photoreceptors (rod and cone cells) through various synaptic pathways and performs crucial early vision processing before signals are passed to higher brain regions. Herein, an artificial retina system implemented based on the leaky integrate‐and‐fire spiking neuron model is presented. The architecture of the proposed retina system consists of a multilayer convolutional neural network (CNN), and the system uses spike timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) as a feedforward learning rule. In addition, the system integrates a feedback plasticity learning rule to expedite learning convergence. The system weights are implemented using nanoscale memristor arrays, taking on a constrained (radix‐X) range of conductance states. The proposed system produces an output image of 25 × 25 pixels, corresponding to the output retina ganglion cells that act as the interface between the retina and the visual cortex, using an input image of 100 × 100 pixels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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4. FPGA Synthesis of Ternary Memristor-CMOS Decoders for Active Matrix Microdisplays.
- Author
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Wang, Xiao-Yuan, Wu, Zhi-Ru, Zhou, Peng-Fei, Iu, Herbert Ho-Ching, Kang, Sung-Mo, and Eshraghian, Jason K.
- Subjects
LOGIC design ,LOGIC circuits ,GATE array circuits ,FIELD programmable gate arrays ,LED displays - Abstract
The search for a compatible application of memristor-CMOS logic gates has remained elusive, as the data density benefits are offset by slow switching speeds and resistive dissipation. Active microdisplays typically prioritize pixel density (and therefore resolution) over that of speed, where the most widely used refresh rates fall between 25–240 Hz. Therefore, memristor-CMOS logic is a promising fit for peripheral I/O logic in active matrix displays. In this paper, we design and implement a ternary 1–3 line decoder and a ternary 2–9 line decoder which are used to program a seven segment LED display. SPICE simulations are conducted in a 50-nm process, and the decoders are synthesized on an Altera Cyclone IV field-programmable gate array (FPGA) development board which implements a ternary memristor model designed in Quartus II. Our approach to logic synthesis demonstrates a potential way forward for simulating large-scale memristor-CMOS circuits without embedded RRAM for functional verification, and our SPICE results show an improvement in data density of a variety of decoders by a factor between 3.6-8.5. While the switching speed of memristors are one of several bottlenecks to using them in combinational logic, the comparatively slow refresh rates of typical microdisplays indicate this to be a tolerable trade-off, which promotes data density over speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Spice modelling of a tri‐state memristor and analysis of its series and parallel characteristics.
- Author
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Li, Pu, Wang, Xiaoyuan, Zhang, Xue, Eshraghian, Jason K., and Lu, Herbert Ho Ching
- Subjects
MEMRISTORS ,ELECTRIC circuits ,ELECTRIC resistors ,CAPACITORS ,ELECTRIC inductors - Abstract
Memristors are passive non‐linear circuit components with memory characteristics, and have been recognized as the fourth basic circuit component, along with resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It has been nearly half a century since the conceptualisation of the memristor, and related research has mainly focussed on the two aspects of binary and continuous memristors. However, compared with these two types of memristors, tri‐state and multi‐state memristors have greater data density per device, with rich dynamics and great potential in logic and chaotic circuit applications. Moreover, previous studies show that the series‐parallel connection of memristor generates more diverse circuit behaviours and increased capacity over a single memristor. However, most of this research is based on mathematical analysis, and lack behavioural circuit simulations or experimental validation. Here, the tri‐state memristor is proposed and the mathematic and equivalent Spice models of the tri‐state memristor is shown. Furthermore, the circuit characteristics are studied with a complete characterisation of its series‐parallel behaviours of the tri‐state memristor. Simulations are performed with LTSpice, and the results verify the theoretical analysis, which provides a strong experimental basis for the study of combinational memristive circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Low-Variance Memristor-Based Multi-Level Ternary Combinational Logic.
- Author
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Wang, Xiao-Yuan, Dong, Chuan-Tao, Zhou, Peng-Fei, Nandi, Sanjoy Kumar, Nath, Shimul Kanti, Elliman, Robert G., Iu, Herbert Ho-Ching, Kang, Sung-Mo, and Eshraghian, Jason K.
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LOGIC circuits ,LOGIC ,DATA transmission systems ,MANY-valued logic - Abstract
This paper presents a series of multi-stage hybrid memristor-CMOS ternary combinational logic stages that are optimized for reducing silicon area occupation. Prior demonstrations of memristive logic are typically constrained to single-stage logic due to the variety of challenges that affect device performance. Noise accumulation across subsequent stages can be amortized by integrating ternary logic gates, thus enabling higher density data transmission, where more complex computation can take place within a smaller number of stages when compared to single-bit computation. We present the design of a ternary half adder, a ternary full adder, a ternary multiplier, and a ternary magnitude comparator. These designs are simulated in SPICE using the broadly accessible Knowm memristor model, and we perform experimental validation of individual stages using an in-house fabricated Si-doped HfOx memristor which exhibits low cycle-to-cycle variation, and thus contributes to robust long-term performance. We ultimately show an improvement in data density in each logic block of between $5.2\times - 17.3\times $ , which also accounts for intermediate voltage buffering to alleviate the memristive loading problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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7. Memristive Stochastic Computing for Deep Learning Parameter Optimization.
- Author
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Lammie, Corey, Eshraghian, Jason K., Lu, Wei D., and Azghadi, Mostafa Rahimi
- Abstract
Stochastic Computing (SC) is a computing paradigm that allows for the low-cost and low-power computation of various arithmetic operations using stochastic bit streams and digital logic. In contrast to conventional representation schemes used within the binary domain, the sequence of bit streams in the stochastic domain is inconsequential, and computation is usually non-deterministic. In this brief, we exploit the stochasticity during switching of probabilistic Conductive Bridging RAM (CBRAM) devices to efficiently generate stochastic bit streams in order to perform Deep Learning (DL) parameter optimization, reducing the size of Multiply and Accumulate (MAC) units by 5 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that in using a 40-nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process our scalable architecture occupies 1.55mm
2 and consumes approximately 167 μW when optimizing parameters of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) while it is being trained for a character recognition task, observing no notable reduction in accuracy post-training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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8. How to Build a Memristive Integrate-and-Fire Model for Spiking Neuronal Signal Generation.
- Author
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Kang, Sung Mo, Choi, Donguk, Eshraghian, Jason K., Zhou, Peng, Kim, Jieun, Kong, Bai-Sun, Zhu, Xiaojian, Demirkol, Ahmet Samil, Ascoli, Alon, Tetzlaff, Ronald, Lu, Wei D., and Chua, Leon O.
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ACTION potentials ,CIRCUIT elements ,MEMRISTORS ,SURFACE area ,INTEGRATED circuits - Abstract
We present and experimentally validate two minimal compact memristive models for spiking neuronal signal generation using commercially available low-cost components. The first neuron model is called the Memristive Integrate-and-Fire (MIF) model, for neuronal signaling with two voltage levels: the spike-peak, and the rest-potential. The second model MIF2 is also presented, which promotes local adaptation by accounting for a third refractory voltage level during hyperpolarization. We show both compact models are minimal in terms of the number of circuit elements and integration area. Using the MIF and MIF2 models, we postulate the design of a memristive solid-state brain with an estimation of its surface area and power consumption. Analytical projections show that a memristive solid-state brain could be realized within (i) the surface area of the median human brain, 2,400cm2, (ii) the same volume of the median human brain, and (iii) a total power budget of approximately 20 W using a 3.5 nm technology. Distinct from the past decade of memristive neuron literature, our benchmarks are attained using generic commercially available memristors that are reproducible using off-the-shelf components. We expect this work can promote more experimental demonstrations of memristive circuits that do not rely on prohibitively expensive fabrication processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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9. Complementary Metal‐Oxide Semiconductor and Memristive Hardware for Neuromorphic Computing.
- Author
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Rahimi Azghadi, Mostafa, Chen, Ying-Chen, Eshraghian, Jason K., Chen, Jia, Lin, Chih-Yang, Amirsoleimani, Amirali, Mehonic, Adnan, Kenyon, Anthony J., Fowler, Burt, Lee, Jack C., and Chang, Yao-Feng
- Abstract
The ever‐increasing processing power demands of digital computers cannot continue to be fulfilled indefinitely unless there is a paradigm shift in computing. Neuromorphic computing, which takes inspiration from the highly parallel, low‐power, high‐speed, and noise‐tolerant computing capabilities of the brain, may provide such a shift. Many researchers from across academia and industry have been studying materials, devices, circuits, and systems, to implement some of the functions of networks of neurons and synapses to develop neuromorphic computing platforms. These platforms are being designed using various hardware technologies, including the well‐established complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and emerging memristive technologies such as SiOx‐based memristors. Herein, recent progress in CMOS, SiOx‐based memristive, and mixed CMOS‐memristive hardware for neuromorphic systems is highlighted. New and published results from various devices are provided that are developed to replicate selected functions of neurons, synapses, and simple spiking networks. It is shown that the CMOS and memristive devices are assembled in different neuromorphic learning platforms to perform simple cognitive tasks such as classification of spike rate‐based patterns or handwritten digits. Herein, it is envisioned that what is demonstrated is useful to the unconventional computing research community by providing insights into advances in neuromorphic hardware technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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10. High-Density Memristor-CMOS Ternary Logic Family.
- Author
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Wang, Xiao-Yuan, Zhou, Peng-Fei, Eshraghian, Jason K., Lin, Chih-Yang, Iu, Herbert Ho-Ching, Chang, Ting-Chang, and Kang, Sung-Mo
- Subjects
LOGIC ,MEMRISTORS ,NAND gates ,MANY-valued logic ,MAGNITUDE (Mathematics) ,LOGIC circuits - Abstract
This paper presents the first experimental demonstration of a ternary memristor-CMOS logic family. We systematically design, simulate and experimentally verify the primitive logic functions: the ternary AND, OR and NOT gates. These are then used to build combinational ternary NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR gates, as well as data handling ternary MAX and MIN gates. Our simulations are performed using a 50-nm process which are verified with in-house fabricated indium-tin-oxide memristors, optimized for fast switching, high transconductance, and low current leakage. We obtain close to an order of magnitude improvement in data density over conventional CMOS logic, and a reduction of switching speed by a factor of 13 over prior state-of-the-art ternary memristor results. We anticipate extensions of this work can realize practical implementation where high data density is of critical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A Novel Universal Interface for Constructing Memory Elements for Circuit Applications.
- Author
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Zheng, Ciyan, Yu, Dongsheng, Iu, Herbert Ho Ching, Fernando, Tyrone, Sun, Tingting, Eshraghian, Jason K., and Guo, Hengdao
- Subjects
CIRCUIT elements ,EMULATION software ,MOORE'S law ,INTERFACE circuits ,MEMRISTORS ,MEMORY - Abstract
The rapid expansion of analog and neuromorphic memristive applications has proven that their reconfigurable and reprogrammable characteristics will be major proponents for pushing beyond Moore’s Law. The lack of easily accessible and reliable solid-state memory elements (mem-elements) results in an ever-increasing body of the research lacking physical verification, and an associated high barrier to entry for researchers. This paper serves to fix this deficiency by introducing a novel universal interface circuit, which when connected to different peripheral circuits, can be used to build fundamental mem-elements. There is an abundance of mem-element emulators, we adopt their advantages into our design to foster practical and broadly applicable mem-element circuits. In comparison to other similar state-of-the-art emulators, our circuit utilized up to 42.9% fewer active components which consumed up to 31.9% less power with an associated reduction of size by 41.7%. Our proposed emulator continues to operate with hysteresis at over 180 kHz, which is two orders of magnitude higher than other similar emulators and commercially available solid-state memristors, whilst maintaining floating terminal connections. Rigorous theoretical, simulation and experimental results are conducted with good agreement with applications given, demonstrating the ability of the universal interface to discretely build mem-elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Analysis and generation of chaos using compositely connected coupled memristors.
- Author
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Zheng, Ciyan, Iu, Herbert H. C., Fernando, Tyrone, Yu, Dongsheng, Guo, Hengdao, and Eshraghian, Jason K.
- Subjects
INTEGRATED circuits ,MEMRISTORS ,ELECTRIC resistors ,NONLINEAR theories ,BIFURCATION theory - Abstract
In large-scale high-density integrated circuits, memristors in close proximity to one another both influence, and are influenced by, the behavior of nearby memristors. However, the previous analyses of memristors-based circuit applications have seldom considered the possibility of coupling effects between memristors which invariably influences the response of all memristors, thus rendering much previous research as incomplete. In this paper, the circuit dynamics of memristive Chua's circuits are systematically analyzed based on a pair of compositely connected flux-controlled memristors characterized by cubic nonlinearity as a typical example. A theoretical analysis is undertaken and verified via MATLAB. While tuning the coupling strength, variations in circuit dynamics are characterized by phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. A new floating memristor emulator with coupling ports, described by cubic nonlinearity, is designed using off-the-shelf circuit devices and is shown to be successfully used in building chaotic circuits in hardware experiments, verifying theoretical results in simulations. This paper provides a new way through which memristors-based circuit dynamics can be influenced by tuning the coupling strength between memristors without changing other circuit parameters. It is further highlighted that when designing future memristors-based circuits, the coupling action between memristors should be considered if necessary and compensated when causing undesired circuit responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. Maximization of Crossbar Array Memory Using Fundamental Memristor Theory.
- Author
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Eshraghian, Jason K., Cho, Kyoung-Rok, Iu, Herbert H. C., Fernando, Tyrone, Iannella, Nicolangelo, Kang, Sung-Mo, and Eshraghian, Kamran
- Abstract
The packing density associated with crossbar arrays offers important architectural solutions to numerous forms of computational engines. Mitigation of sneak paths in the crossbar array, however, requires additional layers in fabrication technology to impede current flow in order to avoid undesired changes to the state when reading and writing to and from the array. This results in an unavoidable increase in the vertical stacking dimension of the array. With the recent emergence of bistable memristors under both dc and ac, by adopting their asymptotic dynamics, we realize a significant improvement in memory construct and spatial constraints of memristor crossbar arrays. In this brief, we formalize a method of configuring a whole array architecture to any permutation of states without sacrificing array density by using a rigorous theoretical analysis, and confirmed via simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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