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In this study, a new type of water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted and purified from mussels, and its structure and cellular antioxidant levels were studied. Mussel polysaccharide (MP 4.25 × 103 Da) is composed mainly of glucose, with a small amount of galactosamine hydrochloride, glucosamine hydrochloride, and galactose. MP shows characteristic polysaccharide bands in Fourier transform NMR and infrared spectroscopy. The main chain connection mode of MP is the glycosidic bond of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, and the end group α-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→6) -α-D-Glcp-(1→pass→4,6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. The O-6 bond is connected to the main chain. Moreover, MP could protect RAW264.7 cells against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress by increasing catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reducing the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). This is expected to make MP an important member of the antioxidant family. [Display omitted] • MP is a novel type of polysaccharide with the structure of α-D glucan. • The molecular weight of MP is 4.25ⅹ103 Da. • MP can increase the antioxidant level of RAW264.7 cells induced by H 2 O 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide PUP60S2, with a molecular weight of 1.44 × 10 4 Da, was obtained from the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. PUP60S2 was a polysaccharide comprised of about 22.3% glucuronic acid. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that PUP60S2 was only comprised of glucose and glucuronic acid. Reduction of carboxyl groups, sugar analysis, methylation analysis, together with one and two dimension NMR spectra disclosed that the backbone of PUP60S2 consisted of (1 → 6)-β- d -glucopyranosyl, every second of which was substituted at O -3 by side chains consisting of terminal β- d -Glc p , (1 → 3)-β- d -Glc p , (1 → 3)-β- d -Glc p A, (1 → 4)-β- d -Glc p and (1 → 4)-β- d -Glc p A units. The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PUP60S2 exerted a significant scavenging effect on DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] It was isolated and purified by columns of DEAE-Sepharose F. F. and Sephacryl S H.R. [•] It was a homogeneous polysaccharide and the molecular weight was estimated to be 1.08×104 Da by HPLC. [•] The composition of it was determined as l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose by GC analysis. [•] Its structure was determined by MS, along with 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] We purified a novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Wedelia prostrata called WPP60A. [•] Homogeneity and molecular weight (2.40×103 Da) of WPP60A were determined by HPLC. [•] Its structure was established by GC–MS, 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR analysis. [•] The repeating unit consists of [β-d-Fruf-(6→2)-β-d-Fruf-]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (PEPS1), with a molecular weight of 1.88×104 Da as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), specifically size exclusion chromatography, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii by hot water extraction and further purification by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 and S-100 High-Resolution chromatography. By use of compositional analysis, methylation analysis, together with 1H, 13C NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopy including COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY experiments, the PEPS1 was identified as a heteropolysaccharide that consists of a α-d-(1→6)-Galactopyranan backbone with a β-d-Mannosyl unit on O-2 of the 2,6-di-O-substituted-d-Galactosyl units, α-(1→6)-3-O-Me-d-Galactopyranan backbone with a terminal α-3-O-Me-d-Galactosyl unit and it also contained a minor 2,3,6-α-d-Galatopyranan units and 4-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel water-soluble polysaccharide named PGPB-1, with a molecular weight of 1.3×104 Da as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus by boiling water as well as DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and High-Resolution Sephacryl S-300. On the bases of compositional analysis, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D-COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY spectra) analysis, the structural elucidation of PGPB-1 consisted of a α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan and a α-d-3-O-Me-d-galactosyl unit backbone with a α-d-Mannosyl unit on O-2 of the 2,6-di-O-substituted-d-galactosyl units. The repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: Display Omitted PGPB-1 also contains a minor proportion of 6-linked-d-Glcp. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new heteropolysaccharide (HEPF4), with a molecular weight of 2.03×104 Da as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. It is composed of 3-O-methylrhamnose, l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 0.12:1.00:3.27:0.28. Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including NOESY and HMBC experiments for linkage and sequence analysis. The polysaccharide is composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit (described in the results section). HEPF4 also contains a minor proportion of glucose and 3-O-methylrhamnose which is believed to terminate the polymer main chain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide FVP60-B was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes with boiling water and purified by Sephacryl S-300 and S-400, which molecular weight was estimated to be 1.3×104 Da by HPLC. It is composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in a ratio of 1.16:0.82:1.00:3.08. Sugar analysis, methylation analysis together with 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopy disclosed that FVP60-B is consisted of a α-(1→6)-d-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal fucosyl, terminal glucosyl and α-(1→6)-d-mannopyranan units on O-2 of 2,6-O-substituted-d-galactosyl units. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]