Search

Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Turkish common bean germplasm. A total of 96 bean genotypes were characterized with iPBS-retrotansposons that yielded a mean polymorphism information contents of 0.8. Mean gene diversity and Shannon information index were 0.14 and 0.25, respectively. Neighbor joining analysis divided the bean genotypes into two main group (A and B) according to their geographical regions, growth habits and seed size. Bingol-l7, Sivas-14 and Hakkari-11 genotypes were found very distinct and can be used as candidate parents for the bean breeding. The higher efficiency and reproducibility of iPBS-retrotransposons was witnessed in common bean as compared to earlier studies using the same marker system. Results of this study will boost up the investigators for genotyping the larger germplasm of common bean with minimum laboratory infrastructure in developing and least developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, little attention has been paid to the geographic distribution and evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat from the Central Fertile Crescent (modern-day Turkey and Syria). Turkey and Syria are considered as primary centers of wheat diversity, and thousands of locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in the farmers’ small fields. We planned this study to evaluate the genetic diversity of durum wheat landraces from the Central Fertile Crescent by genotyping based on DArTseq and SNP analysis. A total of 39,568 DArTseq and 20,661 SNP markers were used to characterize the genetic characteristic of 91 durum wheat land races. Clustering based on Neighbor joining analysis, principal coordinate as well as Bayesian model implemented in structure, clearly showed that the grouping pattern is not associated with the geographical distribution of the durum wheat due to the mixing of the Turkish and Syrian landraces. Significant correlation between DArTseq and SNP markers was observed in the Mantel test. However, we detected a non-significant relationship between geographical coordinates and DArTseq (r = -0.085) and SNP (r = -0.039) loci. These results showed that unconscious farmer selection and lack of the commercial varieties might have resulted in the exchange of genetic material and this was apparent in the genetic structure of durum wheat in Turkey and Syria. The genomic characterization presented here is an essential step towards a future exploitation of the available durum wheat genetic resources in genomic and breeding programs. The results of this study have also depicted a clear insight about the genetic diversity of wheat accessions from the Central Fertile Crescent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Very little information exists on the relative genetic architecture of the grain physical properties of wheat. The physical properties of grain have a direct or indirect influence on the milling and baking quality of wheat. Therefore, understanding the inheritance of grain physical properties will be useful to improve varieties with better quality. Five bread wheat cultivars were crossed in order to evaluate the mode of inheritance and combining ability and the correlation of the grain's physical properties. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed that both additive and non-additive gene actions were involved in controlling most of the traits. Magnitudes of general combining ability (GCA) for all features except grain weight (GW) and grain height (GH) were higher than those of specific combining ability (SCA) The effect of general combining ability was more prominent for 8 out of 10 traits in accordance with ratio of GCA:SCA. Path coefficient analysis showed that grain width (GWI), number of grains per spike (GS), and grain height (GH) had the highest significant direct and indirect effect on most of the other features. The results obtained from this study might be helpful for wheat breeders trying to develop new varieties with better grain features to improve the milling and baking quality of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop of dry land yielding very high quality of edible oil. Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 131 safflower accessions originating from 28 different countries using 13 iPBS-retrotransposon markers. A total of 295 iPBS bands were observed among which 275 (93.22%) were found polymorphic. Mean Polymorphism information content (0.48) and diversity parameters including mean effective number of alleles (1.33), mean Shannon’s information index (0.33), overall gene diversity (0.19), Fstatistic (0.21), and inbreeding coefficient (1.00) reflected the presence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant materials. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that more than 40% of genetic variation was derived from populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithms clustered the 131 safflower accessions into four main populations A, B, C, D and an unclassified population, with no meaningful geographical origin. Most diverse accessions originated from Asian countries including Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Turkey, and India. Four accessions, Turkey3, Afghanistan4, Afghanistan2, and Pakistan24 were found most genetically distant and might be recommended as a candidate parents for breeding purposes. The findings of this study are most probably supported by the seven similarity centers hypothesis of safflower. This is a first study to explore the genetic diversity and population structure in safflower accessions using the iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The information provided in this work will therefore be helpful for scientists interested in safflower breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of genetic diversity could be beneficial by contributing important information in the selection of breeding material. The objective of this study was to explore the genetic diversity and relationship in the Turkish tobacco germplasm with the iPBS-retrotransposons marker that emerged as a universal method. A total of 90 landraces and 6 commercial cultivars collected from different geographical regions of Turkey were used in this study. Eleven most polymorphic iPBS-retrotransposons primers yielded a total of 119 scorable bands and 98 of these bands were found to be polymorphic (82.35%), with an average of 8.91 polymorphic fragments for each primer. The mean polymorphism information contents were found to be 0.33, ranging from 0.10 to 0.80. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean revealed that the genotypes belonging to the same geographical regions were often present in the same group and very close to each other. Based on the Bayesian clustering model, the genetic structure of Turkish tobacco germplasm was divided into 2 main groups. This is first study to explore the genetic diversity of Turkish tobacco by the iPBS-retrotransposons and we believe that in future the results of this study will serve as a foundation for the development of new and improved tobacco varieties in Turkey and the rest of world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic diversity and its geographical patterns play a very important role in species conservation and exploitation. Here, nucleotide polymorphism patterns of four single copy nuclear gene loci in wild ( Glycine soja ) and cultivated soybean ( Glycine max ) populations from different geographical regions as well as their demographic history were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Southern subpopulation has the highest, while central subpopulation revealed the lowest genetic diversity among three Chinese G . soja subpopulations. (2) Northern Chinese G . max subpopulation depicted higher genetic diversity than other two Chinese, Korean, Japanese and American G . max subpopulations. (3) Significant genetic differentiation ( P < 0.001) was observed among Chinese G . soja subpopulations from three ecological zones. There was also a significant genetic differentiation（ P < 0.01）between three Chinese and Japanese subpopulations of G . max . (4) The demographic dynamics revealed that effective population size of G . soja is expanding, while it was constant in G . max . G . soja is a useful germplasm resource to widen the genetic diversity of G . max . This study suggests that native populations of G . soja from different geo-ecological regions should be protected to conserve the genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]