Afghanistan is most likely one of the better known protracted refugee communities in Asia, alone due to its magnitude, reaching above 6 million at its height of displacement. The displacement occurred in various phases, with multiple back-and-forth movements occurring throughout. The nature of the Afghan displacement was such that nearly every one in three Afghans had the experience of displacement (either internally, internationally or both), with a majority being displaced more than once. The first phase of displacement was linked to the Saur Revolution and subsequent Soviet Invasion starting after 1979 with 3.9 million refugees by 1983. Phase 2 already showed a dual movement of repatriation to Afghanistan when the last Soviet soldier withdrew from Afghanistan and the mujaheddin fighters conquered Kabul in 1992. No fewer than 1.2 million Afghans returned from Pakistan alone over a six-month period, but then a new outflow began when in 1992 the mujaheddin factions locked into a battle over who was to run Afghanistan. The entrance of the Taliban into the Afghan war started Phase 3 of the displacement, again with an initial return home due to a hope that the civil war was over, but also a later exodus from the repressive regime. By 2000 about 1.7 million Afghans had repatriated home, but many others remained, and 4 million remained in exile. Phase 4 began in September/October 2001 after the Coalition attacks on Afghanistan, with Afghans fleeing the pending and actual air bombardment. One could argue that with the Bonn Peace Agreement signed at the end of 2001, a new phase began in Afghanistan, with large-scale refugee repatriation (about 3.5 million by the end of 2006) occurring. Soon, however, problems began with this preferred durable solution, mainly due to the absorption capacity of Afghanistan, as many refugees tended to return to urban centers due to a lack of livelihoods and the presence of mining and insecurity in rural areas. Lacking the ability to appropriately accommodate all returning refugees to Afghanistan has also led to frequent return-movements, even if on a short-term basis, particularly during harsh winter months. More recent political developments inside Afghanistan and also within neighboring countries has increased the pressure on Iran and Pakistan to close the refugee camps and repatriate the last of their refugees in order to bring closure to the refugee situation. This, however, has not necessarily been met with enthusiasm from all refugees, as the majority (about 82%, somewhat over 3 million in Iran and Pakistan) has no intention to return home in the near future out of concerns for the worsening security situation in Afghanistan, but also inadequate service delivery. UNHCR has also expressed concern at the feasibility of repatriation plans. Furthermore, many recently returning refugees have become internally displaced inside the country, due to resource-competition issues with local populations, but also increasing violence in many parts of the country.In light of the above, this paper explores the feasibility of durable solutions for the Afghan refugee communities, taking political considerations in both host and origin countries into account (such as claims in both Iran and Pakistan that terrorism is linked to Afghan refugees) as well as the host-origin countriesâ relationships, and a re-emerging refugee warrior community in Afghan refugee camps in Pakistan. The paper argues for the need to take into account the transitional nature of the Afghan refugee situation (including the cyclic nature of displacement) when evaluating specific durable solutions, as otherwise they prove anything but durable. This transitional quality may, in the end, lead to future displacements in the seemingly never-ending cycle of the Afghan refugee experience. Possible alternatives acceptable to all stake-holders may need to be explored instead. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]