180 results
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2. Post materialist values and entrepreneurship: a multilevel approach
- Author
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Morales, Carlos E. and Holtschlag, Claudia
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Moving toward community policing: the role of postmaterialist values in a changing profession
- Author
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Zhao, Jihong, Lovrich, Nicholas P., and Gray, Kelsey
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Implications of postmaterialist theories of consciousness for psychiatry: towards an integral paradigm.
- Author
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Lake, James
- Subjects
NEUROSCIENCES ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,MENTAL health personnel ,PSYCHIATRY ,PARAPSYCHOLOGY ,PHILOSOPHY of science - Abstract
Mental health professionals can help patients understand exceptional and paranormal experiences, integrate them into day-to-day life, and cope with confusion and anxiety that sometimes accompany them. However, a broader clinical perspective and specialized training in clinical parapsychology is needed. In the first part of the paper I argue that psychiatry as currently practiced is limited because it embraces a strictly materialist paradigm, emphasizes treatment over prevention, and relies principally on pharmaceuticals that are often ineffective and/or unsafe. A paradigm shift in psychiatry is taking place that will soon lead to novel concepts of energy and innovations in therapeutic approaches. In the second part of the paper I review the ongoing debate over consciousness, implications of novel understandings of energy for psychiatry, and research findings in physics, neuroscience and parapsychology that are contributing to a postmaterialist paradigm in psychiatry. I comment on an important problem in the philosophy of science called Hempel's dilemma and argue that future scientific theories of consciousness will probably encounter similar conceptual limits to those faced by current theories. Following Beauregard, Trent and Schwartz (2018) I argue that different categories of theories may be needed to adequately explain the variety of human experiences and I propose an integral paradigm that acknowledges the validity of both conventional scientific explanations and postmaterialist theories of consciousness. Finally, I discuss implications of postmaterialism for research, education and training in psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Explaining confidence in the police within transitional Hong Kong: the influence of postmaterial values.
- Author
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McCarthy, Daniel, Stoneman, Paul, and Ho, Lawrence Ka Ki
- Subjects
YOUNG adults ,POLICE attitudes ,FEAR of crime ,IMMIGRATION enforcement ,POLICE ,POSTINDUSTRIAL societies ,INTERFERENCE suppression - Abstract
The Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) has a tradition for being among the most respected national police organisations globally. More recent political events in Hong Kong have however placed the HKPF in highly visible public order situations. A wide array of political factions have emerged as a consequence of the handover of control in Hong Kong, many of which have involved young people protesting the curtailment of democratic rights. In this paper, we utilise Wave 7 of the World Values Survey (n = 2075). We utilise Inglehart's (1971. The silent revolution in Europe: intergenerational change in post-industrial societies. American political science review, 65 (4), 991–1017) concept of postmaterialism to examine how far young people's more negative attitudes to the police can be underpinned by cohort-based (or generational) explanations. Our findings identify associations between postmaterialist values and lower confidence in the police. Those that favoured stricter immigration controls, experienced higher fear of crime, perceived drug selling in their area, and consumed certain types of media (notably television and new media) were also less likely to have confidence in the HKPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Postmaterialism and the Perceived Quality of Elections: A Study of the Moderation Effect of a Critical Event.
- Author
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Tang, Gary and Cheng, Edmund W.
- Subjects
PERCEIVED quality ,ELECTIONS ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,POLITICAL stability ,MODERATION - Abstract
Inglehart's theory of postmaterialism outlines the influence of intergenerational value change on social change. While the sense of security during a formative period is an essential context for postmaterialist values to be bred among the younger generation in democratic states, social protests and political instability are common in some hybrid regimes. Yet how social protests in a hybrid regime interfere in the building of postmaterialism and its association with other value has been underresearched. Based on the data collected from the seventh wave of the World Value Survey in Hong Kong in 2018 (N = 1,031), this paper investigates the role of a critical event—the Umbrella Movement in 2014—in moderating the relationship between a postmaterialist orientation and perceived quality of elections in Hong Kong. It reveals that the negative relationship between a postmaterialist orientation and perceived quality of Hong Kong's election was stronger among the people who supported and participated in the Umbrella Movement. Moreover, the moderation effect of the Umbrella Movement was stronger among young people. This paper underscores the context of socialisation in influencing both a postmaterialist orientation and intergenerational change occurring during a critical event, which sheds light on the relationship between value change and authoritarian resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. JOURNAL REVIEWS.
- Author
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Brosius, Hans-Bernd
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion polls ,ELECTIONS ,POLITICAL systems ,POSTMATERIALISM ,POLITICIANS - Abstract
This article presents several published articles related to public opinion research. The paper The Decline of Over-Time Comparability in the National Election Studies by Paul R. Abramson, uses data from the National Election Studies conducted by the University of Michigan to demonstrate that over time there has been a decline in the comparability of different items. Items measuring public policy preferences and support for the political systems have changed considerably since 1952 making it difficult to compare data from different surveys. The study Post-Materialism From a Pleasant Perspective by Leslie E. Anderson provides an extension of post-materialist theory to poor and less developed countries. Data collected from the poor in Costa Rica and Nicaragua indicate that the poor are politically motivated primarily by economic reasons, while the affluent who no longer feel economically insecure mainly act for value-oriented and nonmaterialist reasons. The article Public Perceptions and the Dilemmas of Party Reform in the USSR by Donna Bahry and Brian D. Silver examines individual differences in the perceptions of honesty and competence of local and central party leaders in the Soviet Union.
- Published
- 1991
8. From 'Food from Nowhere' to 'Food from Here:' changing producer-consumer relations in Austria.
- Author
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Schermer, Markus
- Subjects
DIET ,CUSTOMER relations ,CONSUMER behavior ,POSTMATERIALISM - Abstract
The notion of a 'third food regime' implies simultaneous processes of further global concentration and integration and at the same time resistance through new emerging producer-consumer relations. This paper examines these processes by looking at Austria over the last 30 years. While direct producer-consumer cooperatives established at an early point, today forms of community supported agriculture (CSA) are rare. This paper explains this by identifying a shift of the entire food system from 'food from nowhere' to 'food from here.' The account follows the early emergence of alternative food networks through the political appeal to consumer patriotism in connection with Austria joining the EU, to a sustained positioning of retail chains with regional and national food products. The paper argues that this satisfies the needs of a large proportion of consumers and discourages the emergence of new food initiatives. The paper follows the development of different approaches and their transformations until today. Thus a picture evolves of changing, and partly progressing consumer-producer relations in response to wider societal and political transformation processes. The results explain why the movement towards CSA is currently weak in Austria, but demonstrate at the same time how alternative food networks may contribute to a transformation of the food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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9. Rural and environmental concern -- focus on the Czech Republic.
- Author
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Kment, Petr and Kocmánková, Lucie
- Subjects
ECOLOGY ,RURAL geography ,POSTMATERIALISM ,ECOLOGICAL modernization - Abstract
An increasing number of works on the rural-environmental connection can be found at present. However, their overview and classification are needed -- this is the guiding idea of this paper. We distinguish three approaches to the rural-environmental connection and label them scientific approach, environmentalist approach, and development approach. in the paper, theories of environmental concern (post-materialism, paradigm shift, and ecological modernisation) are discussed at first and then a classification of works is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Diversity and Postmaterialism as Rival Perspectives in Accounting for Social Solidarity: Evidence from Opinion Surveys.
- Author
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Janmaat, Jan Germen
- Subjects
POSTMATERIALISM ,SOCIAL cohesion ,CULTURAL pluralism ,GROUP identity ,SOCIAL order ,PUBLIC opinion polls - Abstract
This paper explores the empirical support for the two rival perspectives of diversity and postmaterialism, each of which predicts different patterns and trends of social solidarity in the western world. The diversity perspective holds that ethnocultural heterogeneity undermines social solidarity, and consequently expects social solidarity to be weaker in more heterogeneous societies. In the diversity logic, social solidarity should have declined in western societies as these societies have become more diverse due to continuous immigration. Postmaterialism theory, by contrast, posits a positive link between postmaterialism and social solidarity, and would expect social solidarity to have increased because of rising levels of postmaterialism across the western world. This paper found no relation between diversity and social solidarity in cross-sectional analyses of survey data at the national level. Neither was the diversity argument supported by trend data on interpersonal trust and opinions about the poor. Analyses at the individual level, moreover, showed positive connections between postmaterialism and social solidarity, while, again, no relation was found between diversity and social solidarity. The provisional survey evidence of this paper thus suggests that postmaterialism outperforms diversity in accounting for trends and patterns of social solidarity. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
11. Communities, Race, and Talk: An Analysis of the Occurrence of Civic Intergroup Dialogue Programs.
- Author
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Walsh, Katherine Cramer
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL services , *RACE , *POSTMATERIALISM , *INTERGROUP communication , *SOCIAL justice - Abstract
Why do communities differ in the strategies they adopt to address the challenges of interracial relations? In this paper, I ask specifically why cities choose to pursue or forego provision of a particular type of social service, civic intergroup dialogue programs on race. I test arguments that such choices arise in response to postmaterialist values, in response to conditions of racial injustice, and in communities with larger stores of existing resident-government linkages. The empirical results support the resident-government linkages model, but support the postmaterialist model only among high-income cities, while supporting the social justice model particularly among low-income cities. The results suggest that community decisions to pursue dialogue are driven by the needs of marginalized racial groups as much as, if not more than, the desire among affluent community members to engage in talk about other racial cultures. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
12. Polities and Parties: Neglected Aspects of Postmaterial Value Change.
- Author
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Tranter, Bruce and Western, Mark
- Subjects
POSTMATERIALISM ,VALUES (Ethics) ,SOCIAL change ,POLITICAL change ,COHORT analysis ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Inglehart?s thesis of postmaterial value change is one of the most influential accounts of social and political change in advanced Western nations. This paper uses data from the World Values Survey and the Australian Election Surveys to reexamine the relationship between age and values in 19 advanced industrial nations. We find evidence of a monotonic age structuring of values in a number of countries, but in others, the relationship between age and values is not as Inglehart would predict. In addition, the impact of birth cohort on values differs between countries that are dominated by two major parties and those where there are many smaller parties. The presence of successful Green parties is also important for enhancing the uptake of postmaterialist values. These findings suggest that Inglehart?s arguments about generational value change should be modified to take into account national political institutions and political cultures that might enhance or impede generational-based values change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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13. Revisiting middle-class politics: a multidimensional approach - evidence from Spain.
- Author
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Gayo, Modesto
- Subjects
MIDDLE class ,POLITICAL participation ,ACTIVISM ,POSTMATERIALISM ,POLITICAL doctrines ,SOCIAL classes ,VOTING ,SPANISH politics & government, 1975-2014 - Abstract
The sociological tradition of thinking about the middle class has made a very significant contribution to the understanding of politics in advanced contemporary societies. This paper approaches the case of Spain within a conceptual and empirical framework derived from that work. Its point of departure is that most analysis of social class in sociology and political science to date has relied on class schemes that attempt to explain single subjects or dimensions of particular phenomena. Political sociology, for example, has produced numerous single-dimension studies on issues such as voting, political participation, and political values or attitudes. These kinds of study tend to produce neat and unambiguous conclusions. A more nuanced picture emerges from the present study, which adopts an alternative, multidimensional analysis. The study compares the behaviour of social classes, and above all of fractions of the middle class, in each of the four areas of voting, political ideology, political participation, and political values. Doing so, the results present a much more complex picture of middle-class politics than has traditionally been available. The significance of these results is twofold. First, we see that an accurate description of the political behaviour of the middle class cannot be reduced to a dichotomous unitary versus heterogeneous dilemma, or to conservative versus leftist views, since the political stand of this social class is essentially 'ambivalent'. Secondly, these results strongly suggest that theoretical work on this and similar types of phenomena should more frequently take into account the complexity of actually observed behaviour, rather than relying on the often thinner or simpler patterns from which sociological knowledge has too often been derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The influence of economic affluence and environmental conditions on an individual's concern for the environment: a Greek case study (2005–2007).
- Author
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Botetzagias, Iosif and Malesios, Chrisovaladis
- Subjects
MULTILEVEL models ,POSTMATERIALISM ,ENVIRONMENTALISM - Abstract
This paper tests the impact of economic affluence and objective environmental conditions on an individual's concern for the environment across Greek regions and over time. Our data originate from three nation-wide surveys conducted in Greece between 2005 and 2007 (N = 3592 individuals). By employing a multilevel hierarchical modelling technique, we are able to check for the influence of micro-level and macro-level predictor variables simultaneously. We find that an individual's environmental concern is largely influenced by micro-level variables and, in particular, positively influenced by family income. Macro-level variables, such as community affluence and objective environmental conditions, turned out to be statistically non-significant. Furthermore, we find that the effects of the various predictors on an individual's concern for the environment vary significantly over time and across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. ARE GREEN POLITICAL PARTIES MORE POST-MATERIALIST THAN OTHER PARTIES?
- Author
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Belchior, AnaMaria
- Subjects
POLITICAL parties ,DEMOCRACY ,POSTMATERIALISM ,SOCIAL problems ,VOTERS ,REPRESENTATIVE government ,POLITICAL participation ,POLITICAL systems - Abstract
Among other social and political changes, post-materialist theory anticipated the need to strengthen democracy in political institutions in post-industrial societies. This change in political values would mean that in addition to growth in post-materialist values, parties would be pushed to take an alternative view of politics that would entail greater assimilation of democratic procedures. This paper partially and empirically tests the validity of this explanation in four European party systems. The Greens are the focus, since they are considered the parties that best fit the post-materialist profile. In particular, the paper aims to ascertain whether the Greens display a significantly better positioning in respect to support for democracy and the congruence of their voters than other parties, as theory leads us to believe. The explanation of higher levels of party congruence is also expected to be related to post-materialist party features. The findings of this research did not show enough evidence to validate our theoretical expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Rechtspopulistischer Protest und (post-)materialistische Wertorientierungen Teilnehmer des PEGIDA-Protests und Bevölkerung im Vergleich.
- Author
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Reuband, Karl-Heinz
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Politik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The Changing Face of Money: Forging Collective Memory with Chinese Banknote Designs.
- Author
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Liao, Tim F. and Cuntong Wang
- Subjects
BANK notes ,GROUP identity ,POSTMATERIALISM ,COLLECTIVE memory ,MONEY - Abstract
In this paper we study the Chinese banknote designs since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. We first analyze the six editions (five issued and one unissued editions) of banknotes in the theoretical tradition for studying world society and its cultural shifts. The Chinese banknotes, however, are found to go against the general trend of moving from designs featuring traditional goals and state actors to postmaterialist goals and individual actors. To help explain this phenomenon, we apply a theoretical model built upon the literature on collective focus and social relational contexts (as informed by Weber) to the Chinese currency for a better understanding of the changes in Chinese banknote designs. The Chinese banknotes made the transition from having a multiple focus to showing a singular focus. We discuss banknote design as a collective memory project and the transition in collective focus as a way of managing such a project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
18. Social progress orientation and innovative entrepreneurship: an international analysis.
- Author
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Urbano, David, Aparicio, Sebastian, and Querol, Victor
- Subjects
SOCIAL development ,SOCIAL change ,REGRESSION analysis ,SELF-expression ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
Using the institutional approach, this paper examines the influence of social progress orientation on innovative entrepreneurship from an international perspective. Using a multiple linear regression model with cross-sectional information from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the Indices of Social Development, the World Values Survey, the Hofstede Centre, the United Nations Development Programme and World Development Indicators, we find that social progress orientation dimensions such as voluntary spirit, survival vs. self-expression values and power distance were related to entrepreneurial activity. More specifically, the main findings demonstrate that high voluntary spirit had a positive and statistically significant impact on innovative early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA). In addition, necessity-driven TEA is highly discouraged in those societies with high voluntary spirit and self-expression values, whereas larger power distance increased the entrepreneurial activity driven by necessity. Based on these results, this study advances the literature by introducing and analyzing the concept of social progress orientation, by examining the factors that influence innovative entrepreneurial activity in light of an institutional approach. Also, this research could be useful for designing policies to foster entrepreneurial activity in different national and regional environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Inglehart's Materialism-Post Materialism Concept: Clarifying the Dimensionality Debate Through Rokeach's Model of Social Values.
- Author
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Braithwaite, Valerie, Makkai, Toni, and Pittelkow, Yvonne
- Subjects
MATERIALISM ,POSTMATERIALISM ,SOCIAL values ,INDUSTRIAL sociology ,INDUSTRIAL psychology ,EQUITY (Law) - Abstract
This paper addresses an ongoing debate concerning the dimensionality of Inglehart's (1971, 1977, 1981, 1990) concept of materialism-postmaterialism. According to Inglehart, this concept is unidimensional, distinct from the traditional left-right political belief continuum, and central to explaining the changes taking place in the values of advanced industrial societies. To date, the debate has sought answers in different item sets, factor analytic solutions, and rotations. This paper approaches the problem through psychological models of social values. Materialism-postmaterialism, it is argued, involves a prioritizing of values from two orthogonal value orientations which have grown out of the work of Rokeach (1973): national strength and order and international harmony and equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. THE CRISIS OF PARTIES AND THE RISE OF NEW POLITICAL PARTIES.
- Author
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Ignazi, Piero
- Subjects
LIBERTARIANISM ,POLITICAL participation ,DIVIDED government ,POLITICAL parties & society ,PARTISANSHIP ,POLITICAL conventions ,POLITICAL parties ,RIGHT & left (Political science) ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This paper has a twofold aim: to disentangle the question of party decline, analysing the current meanings and the empirical evidence offered by the literature; to highlight the different and even opposite outcomes of such decline. As far as the party crisis is concerned, contrary to a shared knowledge it is difficult to give a final word. It is suggested that the crisis concerns more a type of party rather than the party per se. Second, the challenges to the party are analysed. In the last decade a convergent attack against the traditional parties has been carried on: on one side, by the new social movements and their partisan representatives, the left-libertarian or New Politics parties; on the other side, by the newly emerged extreme right parties. This paper tries to demonstrate that both types of party are the by-products of the same structural conditions and both provide a (different) answer to the crisis of the party's expressive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Social status qualifiers: dimensions and determinants of factors shaping social status for women and men in Sweden.
- Author
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Eriksson, Ylva Ulfsdotter and Larsson, Bengt
- Subjects
SOCIAL status ,EDUCATIONAL background ,MODERN society ,ART - Abstract
This study contributes to our understanding of what lifestyle factors affect the social status of women and men in contemporary postmaterialist societies. We examine the dimensions and determinants of social status qualifiers among Swedish people using a survey of 1,650 Swedish respondents who ranked the importance of 14 qualifiers for the social status of a woman and a man. The analysis showed surprisingly strong similarities in what factors affect the social status of women and men - both in the importance of individual status qualifiers and in the three underlying status dimensions: The highest-ranked dimension included status qualifiers related to external material resources and properties. The second most important dimension comprised interactional resources such as manners, looks, being married and having children. The third dimension concerned the importance of interest and engagement in politics, the environment, and fine art, which were of the least importance for social status. The few significant differences in ascriptions of status for a woman or a man were rather gender stereotypical. In addition, the analysis revealed some significant differences in status perceptions among the respondents: Gender, class, educational background, and country of birth were among the main determinants of such differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Beyond lifestyle politics in a time of crisis?: comparing young peoples’ issue agendas and views on inequality.
- Author
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Vromen, Ariadne, Loader, Brian D., and Xenos, Michael A.
- Subjects
LIFESTYLES ,EQUALITY ,POSTMATERIALISM ,IDEOLOGY ,SOCIAL structure ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
Contemporary research on young people and politics portrays their political engagement as: individualised not collectivist; issue-driven not ideology-driven and postmaterialist instead of materialist. This shift towards ‘lifestyle politics’ is assumed to be universal among young people, rather than shaped by traditional social cleavages and structures. This paper investigates these assumptions and asks whether young people's experience of national economic austerity and increasing material inequality shapes the everyday political issues they identify with, and how they understand inequality and the distribution of resources in their societies. The analysis is based on responses to an open-ended question on key political issues of importance, in surveys of representative samples of 1200 young people aged 16–29 in 3 countries: Australia, the UK and the USA. Afterwards, we conducted online discussion groups with 107 young people, in which they were asked to discuss changes in the nature of equality in their societies. The findings show that there is a complex interdependence between individualised, everyday understandings of economic changeandan identity-based politics of equal rights. However, there are nuanced differences in understanding inequality, dependent on young people's national location and socioeconomic background. The implications these findings have for young people's future political engagement are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. ARE REGIONAL NATIONALIST PARTIES.
- Author
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Van Atta, Sydney A.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL parties , *NATIONALISM , *REGIONALISM , *ACTIVISM - Abstract
It has become commonplace for scholars to lump regional nationalist political parties in Western Europe together with other so-called ?New Politics? parties, such as the German Greens. However, little systematic work has been undertaken to determine the validity of this claim. Employing original survey data related to two parties in the vanguard of European regionalist unrest?the Bloque Nacionalista Galego in Galicia and Plaid Cymru in Wales?I test the assertion that regional nationalist parties are New Politics parties characterized by certain socio-demographic profiles and driven by postmaterialist activism. The findings demonstrate that while the Galician party loosely follows the New Politics paradigm, the Welsh party does not, highlighting the diversity of regional nationalist party form across Europe. I conclude that greater attention must be paid to patterns of party development and to the various constraints imposed by the configuration of party competition as well as by the structure of electoral incentives that regional nationalist parties confront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
24. Value Change and Political Action: Postmaterialism, Political Consumerism, and Political Participation.
- Author
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Copeland, Lauren
- Subjects
POLITICAL participation ,CONSUMER behavior ,POSTMATERIALISM ,CONSUMERISM -- Social aspects ,PARTISANSHIP -- Social aspects ,POLITICAL sociology ,BOYCOTTS ,PUBLIC demonstrations - Abstract
Understanding how people engage in politics, and what motivates them to do so, has been an ongoing concern in the social science literature. Over the past decade, scholarly interest in boycotts and buycotts, which collectively comprise political consumerism—the deliberate purchase or avoidance of products for political or ethical reasons—has increased. However, these activities not been well conceptualized, and it is not clear what motivates people to engage in political consumerism. In this paper, I theorize that postmaterialist values increase the likelihood of engaging in political consumerism in the United States. To test this expectation, I use original, nationally representative U.S. survey data, and I find that postmaterialist values significantly increase the likelihood of engaging in political consumerism, while materialist values not, with controls in place for partisanship, ideology, and other democratic norms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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25. Birds of a Feather: Sharing Democratic Values Eases Immigration in a Postmaterialist Society
- Author
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Jiang, Jin, Xia, Shouzhi, and Zhang, Dong
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Social Values and Social Structure.
- Author
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WILLER, DAVID, GLADSTONE, ERIC, and BERIGAN, NICK
- Subjects
SOCIAL values ,SOCIAL structure ,CULTURAL values ,SOCIALIZATION ,CONDUCT of life ,POSTMATERIALISM - Abstract
The exchanges that individualist, prosocial, and competitive actors will make and the kind of negotiations they will carry out in dyads and power structures are predicted here for the first time. The predictions are generated by bridging two previously independent streams of thought, network exchange theory and social value orientations. In so doing, this article shows that formal, mathematical theory and metric predictions are not threatened by using multiple actors with contrasting utilities. Results offered here are hypothetical and provide a baseline against which empirical studies can be compared. A later paper will compare these predictions with experiments now ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Geopolitics of the Dakar Rally: International Impediments Threatening Cultural, Religious, and Ecological Harmony among Motorcyclists.
- Author
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Romanienko, Lisiunia A.
- Subjects
MATERIAL culture ,MOTORCYCLE industry ,MOTORCYCLES ,HUMAN capital ,HEGEMONY - Abstract
The contemporary popularity of motorcycling has resulted in a booming manufacturing industry as well as the emergence of a unique culture revolving around very specific forms of material cultural capital. Industry research focusing exclusively on the economic impact of motorcycling gravely underestimates the social and cultural consequences that have been brought about as a result of these ecological alternatives in personal mobility. As routine riding in overcrowded urban environments becomes more and more problematic, motorcyclists find themselves yearning for the self-exile available through the wide open spaces of desert environs in order to optimize the emancipatory potential of this sensual technological Bohemian experience on two wheels. To that end, off road motorcyclists have organized rallies such as the Dakar in unique geological environments to provide riders the technology-driven mystical catharsis they are seeking. Using evidence gathered from ethnographic fieldwork, film portrayals, and contemporary public policies; the paper demonstrates that the widespread popularity of off-road motorcycling and related intercultural harmony represents a significant threat to the routinization of conflict driving the hegemonic world order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. SPIRITUALITY AND BUSINESS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY OVERVIEW.
- Author
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BOUCKAERT, LUK and ZSOLNAI, LÁSZLÓ
- Subjects
BUSINESS ethics ,SPIRITUALITY ,THEOLOGY ,NEUROSCIENCES ,POSTMATERIALISM ,CHRISTIANITY ,JUDAISM ,BAHAI Faith - Abstract
The paper gives an interdisciplinary overview of the emerging field of spirituality and business. It uses insights from business ethics, theology, neuroscience, psychology, gender studies, and philosophy to economics, management, organizational science, and banking and refers to different religious convictions including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, the Baha'i faith, and the North-American aboriginal worldview. The authors argue that the materialistic management paradigm has failed. They explore new values for post-materialistic management: frugality, deep ecology, trust, reciprocity, responsibility for future generations, and authenticity. Within this framework profit and growth are no longer ultimate aims but elements in a wider set of values. Similarly, cost-benefit calculations are no longer the essence of management but are part of a broader concept of wisdom in leadership. Spirit-driven businesses require intrinsic motivation for serving the common good and using holistic evaluation schemes for measuring success. The Palgrave Handbook of Business and Spirituality, edited by the authors, is a response to developments that simultaneously challenge the "business as usual" mindset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. THE ISSUES IN THE MEASUREMENT OF POSTMATERIAL VALUES.
- Author
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Tasić, Svetlana and Ratkovićb, Milijanka
- Subjects
POSTMATERIALISM ,MARKETING research ,EDUCATIONAL surveys ,SOCIAL values - Abstract
The measurement of postmaterial values includes measuring of the views on the preservation of peace, freedom of speech, environmental protection, tolerance and everything else that is contrary to the concept of measuring the material values, that is physical and economic variables. Measurement of postmaterial values is based on the application of 4 or 12 items scale that refers to the materialism or postmaterialism in certain country. There are several issues and limitations in the application of postmaterial values measurement scale which can cause significant error, in other words bias in measurement. One of the most interesting issues is the impact of question order change on the measurement results of postmaterial values. Using the results of empirical research it is shown that this effect is significant and, also it is particularly examined the intensity of this effect considering gender and level of education based on the sample of respondents from urban Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. RELIGION AND POLITICAL VALUES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE.
- Author
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Rosta, Gergely
- Subjects
RELIGIOUSNESS ,POLITICAL attitudes ,SECULARIZATION ,CLEAVAGE (Social conflict) ,POSTMATERIALISM ,COMMUNISM ,DIFFERENCES ,IDENTIFICATION - Abstract
The aim of the paper is to study the change of the relation between religiosity and political attitudes in the first decade after the fall of the communism. The basic theoretical background is Lipset and Rokkan's cleavage theory (1967), as well as the secularization thesis. On the empirical basis of the 1990 and 1999 waves of the European Values Study, the changing effects of religiosity on party preference, left-right ideological self-identification and political participation are investigated. As alternative explanatory factor to "cleavages", Inglehart's postmateralism-index (1990) was also introduced in the analysis. The micro-level scrutiny of contextual effects of denominational affiliation and the level of secularization is employed for explaining cross-country differences at the macro level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
31. The influence of Green parties on postmaterialist values.
- Author
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Tranter, Bruce and Western, Mark
- Subjects
POSTMATERIALISM ,VALUES (Ethics) ,POLITICAL parties ,SOCIAL influence ,ENVIRONMENTALISM ,GENERATION gap - Abstract
This paper contributes to the debate on value change by advancing a new explanation of the relationship between political parties and generational-based values in advanced industrialized nations. Through multivariate analysis of World Values and other survey data from 29 countries, we show that the relationship between generations and values tends to vary between polities dominated by major parties and those in which many parties achieve electoral success. Green parties enhance the uptake of postmaterialist values and speed the decline of materialist ones, particularly among younger generations, by promoting a political discourse and agenda that contributes to the formative experiences underpinning value change. This research suggests that institutional structures and political parties need to be given far greater prominence in theories of postmaterial value change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Postmodern Values and Leisure in Young Spanish University Students: An Exploratory Study.
- Author
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Águila, Cornelio, Sicilia-Camacho, Álvaro, Rojas Tejada, AntonioJ., Delgado-Noguera, MiguelA., and Gard, Michael
- Subjects
LEISURE ,POSTMATERIALISM ,STUDENTS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
This article reports exploratory research about tendencies toward postmaterialism in university students. This paper used the theoretical framework proposed by Inglehart regarding three categories of leisure: postmaterialist, materialist and common. Students from a Spanish university (N = 1036) completed questionnaires that evaluated their materialist-postmaterialist values, how often they practiced the activities included in each category of leisure and the motivational factors involved in them. The results revealed that university students showed a tendency toward postmaterialism. Further, relationships were found between materialist-postmaterialist values and categories of leisure. This study results suggested that the tendency toward postmaterialist values may be a factor in structuring the leisure patterns of young Spanish university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Do Worldviews Matter? Post-materialist, Environmental, and Scientific/Technological Worldviews and Support for Agricultural Biotechnology Applications.
- Author
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Knight, Andrew
- Subjects
ATTITUDES toward technology ,WORLDVIEW ,POSTMATERIALISM ,AGRICULTURAL biotechnology ,MATERIALISM ,RISK perception - Abstract
This paper draws upon the social science literature to evaluate whether materialist/post-materialist, environmental, and scientific/technological worldviews predict levels of support for biotechnology applications. The novelty of this research is two-fold: 1) it incorporates the post-materialist hypothesis in risk perception models, and 2) it evaluates the effects of the these three worldviews simultaneously. Data from a regional southwest telephone survey in the United States conducted in Spring 2004 were used to investigate whether these three worldviews were related to support of various animal and plant biotechnology applications. The results illustrated that post-materialist values were not significantly related to support for animal or plant biotechnology applications. However, environmental and science and technology measures were related to support. One of the new ecological paradigm items, "humans have the right to modify nature," was consistently related to support for animal and plant biotechnology applications, and anti-anthropocentric values were related to support for two plant applications. General attitudes toward science and technology were related to support for both animal and plant biotechnology applications. The results provide evidence that perceptions of these applications are multi-dimensional and that respondents conceptualize animal and plant biotechnology applications differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Postmaterialism influencing total entrepreneurial activity across nations.
- Author
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Uhlaner, Lorraine and Thurik, Roy
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,ECONOMIC forecasting ,POSTMATERIALISM ,CONSUMER behavior ,CONSUMERS - Abstract
The relative stability of differences in entrepreneurial activity across countries suggests that other than economic factors are at play. The objective of this paper is to explore how postmaterialism may explain these differences. A distinction is made between nascent entrepreneurship, new business formation and a combination of the two, referred to as total entrepreneurial activity, as defined within the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The model is also tested for the rate of established businesses. The measure for postmaterialism is based upon Inglehart’s four-item postmaterialism index. A set of economic, demographic and social factors is included to investigate the independent role postmaterialism plays in predicting entrepreneurial activity levels. In particular, per capita income is used to control for economic effects. Education rates at both secondary and tertiary levels are used as demographic variables. Finally, life satisfaction is included to control for social effects. Data from 27 countries ( GEM, World Values Survey and other sources) are used to test the hypotheses. Findings confirm the significance of postmaterialism in predicting total entrepreneurial activity and more particularly, new business formation rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Income maintenance policies in post-materialist Europe: Implications for pre-capitalist societies.
- Author
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Iheduru, Obioma
- Subjects
DEVELOPED countries ,POSTMATERIALISM ,TRADITIONAL societies ,ECONOMIC security ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL security - Abstract
Ronald Ingelhart's contention that post-materialist values arising from increases in GDP per capita ensue from greater affluence and economic security in industrialized countries is examined here. Using the Euro-Barometer dataset, this paper tests variations across eight European countries to determine if post-materialist values: (a) actually shaped citizens' attitudes toward social welfare policies hence its increases; (b) influenced ideological partisanship preferences and dominance of leftist parties; and (c) led to increases in transfer payments when left-of-centre parties are in control. The results of a pooled cross-sectional time series analysis indicate that economic development is negatively associated with social security expansion, but bears a positive relationship to post-materialist values. It also shows that post-materialist values exert only moderate, rather than ‘strong’ influences on ideological political preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Intragenerational stability of postmaterialism in Germany, the Netherlands and the United States.
- Author
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Graaf, Nan Dirk De, Hagenaars, Jacques, and Luijkx, Ruud
- Subjects
SOCIAL stability ,POSTMATERIALISM ,SOCIAL values ,SOCIALIZATION - Abstract
Inglehart's thesis of the 'Silent Revolution' states that the priorities of Western publics have gradually shifted from materialist toward postmaterialist values. An important aspect of this thesis is the socialization hypothesis, predicting that one's (post)-materialist values are stable during adulthood. This paper tests this hypothesis using panel data for the United States, Germany and the Netherlands. For this purpose several multiple indicator two-wave models are developed including (i) a correction for the dependency between the indicators (because of the ranking of the items) and (ii) item specific factors. Application of these models to the data indicates a strong stability of postmaterialist values during adulthood, especially for the United States and the Netherlands. The implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Youth, austerity politics and culture shift: has the global downturn triggered the demise of postmaterialism?
- Author
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Henn, Matt and Oldfield, Ben
- Subjects
- *
POSTMATERIALISM , *NEOLIBERALISM , *YOUTH in politics , *POLITICAL participation , *POLITICAL science research - Abstract
Recently, young people's futures have become increasingly susceptible to the spread of neoliberalism in many advanced liberal democracies. In particular, austerity programmes introduced globally since 2008 have resulted in an intensification of the risks and uncertainties faced by the current youth generation. Corresponding with these developments, there has occurred a deepening disconnect between young citizens and formal politics in many countries. In Britain, this divide is particularly visible, with a continuing abstention from electoral participation since 2001. But the current global financial crisis has also impacted on their political values. Inglehart's postmaterialist thesis suggests that in times of relative economic austerity, citizens' values tend to focus more on materialist concerns, emphasizing economic and physical security. In contrast, under conditions of relative prosperity, citizens adopt more postmaterialist outlooks, valuing quality of life issues. In this article we compare results from two linked representative surveys focusing on the views and priorities of separate cohorts of 18 year old British youth. The first (postal) survey of 705 youth was conducted in 2002 during an era of relative global prosperity. The second (online) survey of 1,025 young people was conducted in 2011 at the height of the current global crisis. The results lend support to Inglehart's thesis, suggesting that the relatively high levels of postmaterialism evidenced in 2002 have diminished in line with the onset of the current recession. However, persisting postmaterialist views are in evidence, with the current generation of young people demonstrating a particularly solidaristic outlook and a commitment to social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
38. Values in times of austerity: A cross-national and cross-generational analysis.
- Author
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Janmaat, Jan Germen
- Subjects
AUSTERITY ,SOCIAL surveys ,POLITICAL scientists ,POSTMATERIALISM ,SOCIAL values ,WELL-being ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
It is common knowledge that in times of recession people lose confidence in the government and in other state institutions. Political scientists have pointed out that a loss of faith in a particular government or parliament does not necessarily amount to an erosion of civic culture as the cultural foundation of liberal democracy is broader. However, the recent recession has been unusually severe and long-lasting and some countries have only just started to climb out of it. It is an open question whether civic culture is so resilient that it can even weather exceptionally serious economic crises such as the recent one. As often happens in times of crisis, young people have been most affected by the recent crisis, and one may thus expect this age group to show the steepest drops in civic values. The current article examined the impact of the recession on the civic values of different generations across a selection of European and western states. Analyses of both short and long-term trends based on European Social Survey (ESS) and World Values Survey (WVS) data showed that social trust, tolerance, active civic participation and post-materialism values, as civic culture indicators, are not susceptible to economic downturns, confirming the idea that civic values need to be distinguished from political trust. Correlational analysis provided additional support for this finding as it showed no links between changes in civic culture indicators and changes in economic performance. However, civic dispositions were found to be related to overall levels of economic prosperity and performance, indicating that such dispositions are not wholly immune to material conditions. This led us to surmise that civic culture is more susceptible to enduring processes affecting people's life chances and well-being than to fleeting phenomena such as economic crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Environmental awareness in Spain at the beginning of 21st century: The impact of the economic crisis
- Author
-
Báez Gómez, José
- Subjects
postmaterialisme ,base social de l’ambientalisme ,postmaterialism ,social basis of environmentalism ,posmaterialismo ,base social del ambientalismo - Abstract
Aquest treball comença fent un breu esment a diverses teories sociològiques que tracten d’explicar l’origen i la difusió dels valors ambientals en la societat. A continuació, partint d’una d’aquestes teories (la tesi postmaterialista) i fent ús d’una anàlisi descriptiva, s’ha volgut veure l’evolució de la consciència ambiental entre els espanyols en l’última dècada (amb la intenció de comparar-la abans i després del començament de la crisi econòmica). Finalment, s’ha analitzat, mitjançant l’especificació de diversos models lògit, la relació existent entre les diferents dimensions sobre la consciència ambiental i determinades variables socioeconòmiques. Per a això, s’ha utilitzat com a base de dades l’estudi del CIS número 2837: Medi ambient (II) (ISSP). Entre els resultats més rellevants de la recerca, destaca que la base social de l’ambientalisme al nostre país la formen persones joves, amb estudis universitaris, ideologia política d’esquerres i que treballen al sector públic., This paper begins with a brief overview of some sociological theories that attempt to explain the origin and dissemination of environmental values in society. Based on one of these theories—postmaterialism—and using a descriptive analysis, we then examine the evolution of environmental awareness among Spaniards in the last decade to compare it before and after the start of the economic crisis. Finally, logit models are performed to analyze the relationship between the different dimensions of environmental awareness and certain socioeconomic variables using the CIS Medio ambiente (II) (ISSP) study as a database. The findings show that the social basis of environmentalism in Spain is comprised of young people with a university education who have a left political ideology and work in the public sector., Este trabajo comienza haciendo una breve mención a diversas teorías sociológicas que tratan de explicar el origen y la difusión de los valores ambientales en la sociedad. A continuación, partiendo de una de dichas teorías (la tesis posmaterialista) y haciendo uso de un análisis descriptivo, se ha querido ver la evolución de la conciencia ambiental entre los españoles en la última década (con la intención de comparar la misma antes y después del comienzo de la crisis económica). Por último, se ha analizado, mediante la especificación de varios modelos logit, la relación existente entre las distintas dimensiones acerca de la conciencia ambiental y determinadas variables socioeconómicas. Para ello, se ha utilizado como base de datos el estudio del CIS número 2837: Medio ambiente (II) (ISSP). Entre los resultados más relevantes de la investigación, destaca que la base social del ambientalismo en nuestro país la forman personas jóvenes, con estudios universitarios, ideología política de izquierdas y que trabajan en el sector público.
- Published
- 2016
40. Postmaterial values and career aspirations in tourism: Generation‐Y tourism professionals in Hong Kong.
- Subjects
VOCATIONAL interests ,MILLENNIALS ,POSTMATERIALISM ,TOURISM personnel ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) - Abstract
Recent political movements in Hong Kong suggest a postmaterial value shift in the younger generation, from pursuing material affluence to a greater concern for autonomy, self‐expression, and quality of life. This study examined the values and career aspirations of Generation‐Y tourism professionals through postmaterialism and intergenerational value change. In‐depth interviews revealed differences in the views of older and younger Gen‐Y and three types of career aspirations: Corporate job, Entrepreneurship, and "Slash" careers. Findings demonstrated the material/postmaterial shifts from teenage to mid‐adulthood, and how values were shaped by: student versus working life, tourism work experience, social changes, and specific social events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Your money or your life? Public support for health initiatives during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,PUBLIC support ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,STAY-at-home orders ,PUBLIC health ,SOCIAL attitudes ,SCIENTISTS' attitudes - Abstract
While many Australians agree with the need for COVID‐19 restrictions and lockdowns, a vocal minority of citizens loudly voice opposition to government restrictions, characterised as impositions on 'free speech' and impacting the Australian economy. National data from the 2020/21 Australian Survey of Social and Attitudes and Tasmanian survey data enable an examination of those who support or oppose health initiatives aimed at minimising the impact of the pandemic. The majority of Australians believed government imposed restrictions were 'about right', although women were more likely than men to be concerned about the health implications of COVID‐19. Tasmanian data show that controlling for social background, those who prioritise the economy are less likely than those concerned about the health implications of COVID‐19 to wear masks in public, less likely to be tested in case they have to self‐isolate, less likely to check in, and less likely to be vaccinated. Alternatively, higher trust in university research, and trust in scientists as a source of information about COVID‐19 was positively associated with attitudes and behaviour designed to reduce the transmission of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. La conciencia ambiental en España a principios del siglo XXI y el impacto de la crisis económica sobre la misma.
- Author
-
Báez Gómez, José Enrique
- Abstract
Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. HOW DO IMPLICIT MATERIALISM AND POSTMATERIALISM AFFECT PROENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR?
- Author
-
KEXIN ZHOU, LIJUAN YE, LIUNA GENG, and QIAOXIN XU
- Subjects
- *
VALUES (Ethics) , *MATERIALISM , *POSTMATERIALISM , *BEHAVIOR , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) -- Social aspects ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
In this study, we explored implicit materialistic and postmaterialistic values, focusing on the relationship between these values and environmental behaviors. Participants were 60 Chinese students, who completed via self-report the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Environmental Behaviors Questionnaire, along with a situation simulation experiment to measure their actual environmental behavior. Our results provide the first evidence for an application of the IAT in research focused on materialism and postmaterialism. We found that implicit postmaterialism significantly predicted proenvironmental behavioral intention in a Chinese context, and implicit materialism was a strong predictor of actual proenvironmental behaviors (i.e., avoidance of paper waste). These results indicate that, for Chinese people, materialism is an important motivation for their actual proenvironmental behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The cosmopolitan elite in Germany: transnationalism and postmaterialism.
- Author
-
HELBLING, MARC and TENEY, CÉLINE
- Subjects
ELITE (Social sciences) ,TRANSNATIONALISM ,POSTMATERIALISM ,COSMOPOLITANISM ,SOCIAL cohesion - Abstract
In this article, we investigate cosmopolitan attitudes among the people often considered the most cosmopolitan - the elite. Studying the typical class of frequent travellers provides a particularly good opportunity to study the relationship between transnational activities and cosmopolitanism. We also comprehensively investigate the link between postmaterialist values and cosmopolitan attitudes. We test our arguments using an original dataset that includes a relatively large sample of the German positional top elite in the years 2011 and 2012. A comparison between these data and data from a general population survey shows that while transnational activities affect the attitudes of ordinary citizens, increased travelling does not make elites more cosmopolitan. We discuss several reasons why this might be the case. We also observe that postmaterialist values and the ideological environment of the elite play a key role. Finally, we tentatively suggest that cosmopolitan elites do not endanger national social cohesion, as some fear they might. We show that cosmopolitanism and localism are not mutually exclusive and that members of the German elite feel even more attached to their nation than ordinary Germans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Evaluating Measurement Invariance in Categorical Data Latent Variable Models with the EPC-Interest.
- Author
-
Oberski, Daniel L., Vermunt, Jeroen K., and Moors, Guy B. D.
- Subjects
SOCIAL science research ,POSTMATERIALISM ,LATENT variables ,ITEM response theory ,CONSUMER behavior research - Abstract
Many variables crucial to the social sciences are not directly observed but instead are latent and measured indirectly. When an external variable of interest affects this measurement, estimates of its relationship with the latent variable will then be biased. Such violations of "measurement invariance" may, for example, confound true differences across countries in postmaterialism with measurement differences. To deal with this problem, researchers commonly aim at "partial measurement invariance"; that is, to account for those differences that may be present and important. To evaluate this importance directly through sensitivity analysis, the "EPC-interest" was recently introduced for continuous data. However, latent variable models in the social sciences often use categorical data. The current paper therefore extends the EPC-interest to latent variable models for categorical data and demonstrates its use in example analyses of U.S. Senate votes as well as respondent rankings of postmaterialism values in the World Values Study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. European Culture: Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces
- Author
-
Gromyko, Al. A.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Young cosmopolitans and environmental politics: how postmaterialist values inform and shape youth engagement in environmental politics.
- Author
-
Henn, Matt, Sloam, James, and Nunes, Ana
- Subjects
YOUNG adults ,MINORITY youth ,ACTIVISM ,ATTITUDES toward the environment ,POLITICAL participation ,ENVIRONMENTAL activism ,PRACTICAL politics ,GREAT Recession, 2008-2013 - Abstract
Many of today's young people are politically engaged and increasingly supportive of progressive political causes. This is most evident in the youth leadership of the Green wave of environmental activism that gathered momentum in 2019. However, we know surprisingly little about the values that drive this mobilisation. In this article, we investigate the link between environmental activism and the emergence of 'young cosmopolitans' as a political force. Using data from the 2017 European Values Study, we analyse the views of 1,546 18-25-year-olds across ten established European democracies. We find that postmaterialist values, cosmopolitan attitudes and engagement in environmental politics are closely connected; young cosmopolitans are very civically and politically active; and, young environmental activists are particularly likely to be female with high educational attainment levels. Conversely, a significant minority of European youth (disproportionately male with lower educational attainment) are more materialist and nationalist. In the discussion, we explore the role of education and the need to re-think the climate emergency locally – connecting threats to the environment to challenges young people face in their everyday lives. We also explain how the persistence of postmaterialist values amongst younger generations through the Great Recession, suggests that the Green wave will continue post COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Negative income effect on perception of long-term environmental risk.
- Author
-
Lo, Alex Y.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment , *NUCLEAR energy , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *PUBLIC opinion , *POSTMATERIALISM - Abstract
The notion that people with higher income are more concerned about environmental problems is deeply entrenched in economics and some other disciplines. Studies have shown a positive income effect on the intention to pay for environmental improvement. Perception of environmental risk, however, follows a different pattern of variation. This paper demonstrates a negative income effect, using data extracted from a cross-national social survey involving 36 countries. An inverse relationship is observed between people's reported income and their perception of long-term environmental risks associated with climate change, genetic modification of crops and the use of nuclear power. Lower-income individuals see the potential environmental consequences of these human interventions as extremely dangerous—more so than the higher-income ones. Richer people are relatively less concerned about the long-term environmental risks. A possible explanation is that material insecurity reinforces the feeling of risk and danger. People living under more difficult economic situation are more vulnerable and see greater danger. A key implication of these findings is that concern does not follow the ability to pay. People facing higher environmental risks are potentially less able to afford risk reduction support despite that they are likely to be in greater need for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Value Change and Political Action: Postmaterialism, Environmentalism, and Political Consumerism.
- Author
-
Copeland, Lauren
- Subjects
- *
POSTMATERIALISM , *ENVIRONMENTALISM -- Social aspects , *CONSUMERISM , *CIVIL rights , *MINORITIES , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *BOYCOTTS - Abstract
The article presents a study regarding the relationship between postmaterialism, environmentalism, and political consumerism which would be presented at the 84th annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association to be held in Florida from January 3-5, 2013. Topics discussed include role of postmaterialism in raising concerns for gender equality, minority rights and environmental protection, pro-environmental values in political consumerism and public support for boycotts in the U.S.
- Published
- 2013
50. Theoretische und statistische Modellierung von Cross-Pressures in Kontextanalysen
- Author
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Mayerl, Jochen and Best, Henning
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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