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A personal account of an analysis with Michael Fordham and subsequent conversations with James Astor. A number of themes are developed concerning the expression of feeling, use of language, and the relevance of aesthetic values to the practice and reporting of analysis.

The article offers the author's insights on the translated 1970 paper of doctor Hermann Argelander regarding American ego psychology. The author believes that Argelander's paper has depicted the development of postwar German psychoanalysis. The author also mentions that the paper has opened inquiries on two related subjects such as the formation of symptom and character, which were both rejected in psychoanalysis.

It was in the years immediately following World War II and through the 1950s that the psychoanalytic establishment officially defined psychoanalysis as a subspecialty of psychiatry, and it was in that context of the professionalization of American medicine that they codified the distinction between psychoanalysis and (psychoanalytic) psychotherapy. In this commentary on Steven Stern's “Session Frequency and the Definition of Psychoanalysis,” I deconstruct a series of binaries that was built into the analysis/therapy distinction and that has plagued our discipline. It is argued that psychoanalysis identified itself with the culturally “masculine” and heterosexual values of autonomous individuality (the intrapsychic), while it split off all that was relational and social (interpersonal), marked as “feminine,” homosexual, and “primitive,” onto psychotherapy, which it then devalued. The paper then examines the implications for practice and psychoanalytic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A range of clinical psychoanalytic approaches in the United States is considered as they may parallel Parsons's presentation of an “independent” orientation in Britain. Attention is paid in particular to the analyst's sense of outsiderness and concern for otherness, along with their moral implications for clinical work. In addition, the limitations of theory and defensive misuse of theory are also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the psychoanalytic training for clinical social workers in the U.S. The term psychoanalytic is used to describe mental phenomena and a method of treatment based on the assumption of an unconscious state in mental life. Psychoanalysis is viewed as a therapeutic method which aims at the revival and resolution of the deepest layers of infantile conflicts and correction of structural deficits. In the social worker's psychoanalytical training, it is important that it will include personal analysis so that there will be an exploration towards the patient's transferences.

This article discusses two papers presented at a panel at the 2019 IAPSP conference, "A Dynamic View of Selfhood, Affect and Political Context," one by Dr. Gita Zarnegar and one by Dr. Gabriel Trop. The papers address the application of dynamic systems theory to political context in psychoanalytic treatment. Dr. Phillip Cushman's hermeneutic approach to the political in psychoanalytic theory and practice is also discussed. His emphasis describes how the stance of the psychoanalyst can have profound implications for the emergence of political thematizing in the therapeutic setting. Dr. Zarnegar uses her own personal history as an immigrant to the United States to introduce two concepts, phantom selfhood and phantomization. Phantom selfhood is an adaptive process where old connections emerge in the presence of integrating the positive novelty of a new culture. Phantomization describes a maladaptive pattern of persistent longing for remnants of the lost culture. Dr. G. Trop describes the ethos and values held by a therapist from a non-linear dynamic systems vantage point, which are changeability, disruption, experimentation, particularization and exposure. Both authors caution about the potential dangers of the inherent asymmetry of the psychoanalytic situation in influencing and advancing specific political vantage points in the therapeutic setting. This discussion will compare and contrast some elements of their perspectives with those of Dr. Cushman's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the nature of today's corporatized health care system in the United States, offering examples of the psychological toll it takes on clinicians at all levels. It details corporate practices that disenfranchise practitioners from exercising their clinical judgment and from offering input to system administrators about problematic patient care experiences. It discusses the sense of frustration, resignation and moral injury that can permeate their work lives and disrupt their sense of effectiveness and well‐being in this context. Following this background is a psychoanalytic analysis of narratives from two physicians about their corporate health care experiences. Two case studies follow, in which a nurse and a physician entered psychoanalytic psychotherapy to process the destructive psychological impact of their work environments. A third case illustrates the negative impact of automatized insurance practices on one psychologist and her patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American election and its results in 2016 made it timely to provide a psychoanalytic analysis of the similar political events in the United States and in Hungary. Applying psychoanalytical theories to society has always been part of the tradition of the Budapest school. This paper argues that Hungarian and other transgenerational trauma theories can help us understand these developments. The author begins in using these theories to analyze the impact of political regimes on societies and individuals in Central Europe after World War II. She then continues to look at the political transformation that took place in 1989 in the socialist countries existing since 1945. This transformation promised liberation. But, this paper argues, the unexplored past resulted in the emergence of hierarchic, irrational political forces. The paper uses social and individual examples to help demonstrate these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article casts a critical eye over the development of American psychiatry from 1980 to the present. It notes the rapid decline of psychoanalysis that followed the publication of DSM III; the rising influence of genetics and neuroscience; the re-emphasis on the biology of mental illness; and the collapse of public psychiatry that accompanied deinstitutionalization. It argues that while genetics and neuroscience have made scientific progress, the clinical utility of their findings to date has been very limited. The fifth edition of the DSM was supposed to base itself on this new science but that proved impossible. Diagnosis remains purely phenomenological and controversial. One of the ironies of research on psychiatric genetics is that has failed to find either a Mendelian origin of schizophrenia and depression or to validate the importance of hypothesized candidate genes. Genome-wide association studies have instead uncovered risk factors for major mental illnesses, but these overlap considerably, and the genetic associations are not dispositive. Most of those who carry these genetic variants do not develop mental illness. The status of psychopharmacology since the mid-1950s is scrutinized, as is the influence of the pharmaceutical industry on contemporary psychiatry, and the implications of its recent decision to abandon work in this arena. The paper concludes with an assessment of the crisis that it contends confronts contemporary American psychiatry: its overemphasis on biology; the urgent questions that persist about diagnosis and therapeutics; concerns about the directions of future research; and its inability to reduce the excess mortality that plagues the mentally ill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the 11th International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies forum organized by the William Alanson White Institute in Brooklyn in New York, New York in May 2000. Topics discussed in the congress; Schedule of activities; List of speakers and participants.

This paper examines the role of Bishop Fulton Sheen in the popularization of Freudian psychoanalysis in the United States during the 1940s and 50s. Social historians argue that Freudian ideas were pervasive in American culture during this period. While their claim speaks mainly to the impact of psychoanalysis on the cultural elite and college educated, they also suggest that Freudian ideas affected ordinary men and women. In the former case, the group impacted is small and not representative of the population as a whole; in the latter, the evidence is sparse and impressionistic. Neglected in their consideration is the influence of Fulton Sheen whose opinions on Freud reached an audience of 30,000,000 during the height of the popularity of his TV show, Life is Worth Living. Sheen's audience was more inclusive and representative of mainstream America. The negative and highly cautionary view of psychoanalysis he presented to many Americans was contrary to that which was promoted to and embraced by many of the college educated and likely shaped both their views of Freud and psychoanalytic therapy., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Purpose – The question of whether the words "American Dream" point to something of substance is at the heart of the authors' inquiry. James Truslow Adams coined the term in his 1933 book The Epic of America as a way to re-establish a sense of optimism decimated by the Great Depression. Adams' contribution was to move the public discourse from that of individual effort to a sense of a collective identity. The American Dream is an element of the "cultural stuff" whose singularity ("dream") rapidly breaks down into a variety of interpretations about the American nation ("dreams"). The popular press suggests that the Dream proposes to balance collective membership in a national identity with the individual freedom to achieve prosperity and success. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Dream and the construction of an American identity by examining the accounts of men who surely represent the American Dream: US Presidential candidates. Design/methodology/approach – In order to analyze the candidates' accounts of themselves as committed to their American identity and to the American Dream, the authors view the tax returns and speeches of Presidential candidates Barack Obama and Mitt Romney through the lens of the psychoanalytic theories of Jacques Lacan and locate the American Dream as a construct of the imaginary and symbolic orders, as they are defined by Jacques Lacan. The inspirations for the authors' analysis are twofold. One is a 1953 report in which Lacan said, "The unconscious of the subject is the discourse of the other". The authors argue that the American Dream is the "discourse of the other" and suggest that the American identity is decentered: i.e. a signifying construct (the American Dream) substitutes for identity. The second inspiration is a 2009 paper titled "No one is perfect" by John Roberts, who argues, "The ideal of a transparency pretends to a mere making visible [...] [But] transparency works to advertise an ideal against which we will always fail". Findings – It was found that the candidates' efforts to be transparent advertise an ideal: in this study, the ideal is the ideal of a "perfect-able" American who lives the American Dream. It is an ideal against which the candidates fail because it is the "discourse of the other". Research limitations/implications – This study has limitations. The subjects are two American citizens and the authors' interpretation might not be appropriate to other American citizens and residents. Originality/value – The authors are aware of no other study that uses Lacanian psychoanalytic views to examine the American Dream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses what I believe is one of the fundamental implications of Davies' groundbreaking and controversial paper, “Love in the Afternoon.” I suggest that the “perverse scenario” between parent and child that Davies describes in the developmental psychopathology of her patient may, in fact, occur in many ways in the lives and histories of many patients. Such “perverse scenarios” may sometimes be less overtly sexualized, and more subtle, but they prove to be no less insidiously destructive of patients' psychic cohesion. In this context, the possibilities for perverse scenarios and confrontations with “moments of truth” may occur frequently, albeit less in dramatic ways, in the patient–therapist engagement. The paper suggests that effective therapeutic action inevitably requires of the analyst the kind of real “moment of truth” decisions that contain within them the fate, and the hope, for the psychic integrity of both analyst and patient.Versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the Division of Psychoanalysis (39), American Psychological Association, San Antonio, Texas, April 2009, the South Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Jerusalem, Israel, March 2011, and the Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity and the Sandor Ferenczi Center at New School University, New York, NY, February, 2013. Thanks to Helit Atar-Greenfield, Ph.D., Tanya Cotler, Ph.D., Naama Gershy, M.A., Alisa Levine, Psy.D., and Mia Medina, Psy.D., for their careful reading and comments on various drafts of this paper. Irene Fast, Ph.D., Miki Rahmani, M.A., and Beth Schreiber, Ph.D., contributed substantively to my thinking in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper summarizes the place of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in the US health care system. It addresses trends in the field, tensions between biomedical and biopsychosocial models of mental and substance use disorders, and summarizes top-down legislative and bottom-up judicial actions that impact access to psychosocial treatments for mental and substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiracial experience is only minimally addressed in psychoanalytic literature. This paper makes use of both Dr. Crane's lived experience as a multiracial Asian American female and her encounters with psychoanalysis. Directed to the only psychoanalytic literature focused on non-white individuals, Dr. Crane found a strong and growing body addressing the experiences of both Black people in the United States and Black analysts at work. Thanks to ground prepared by pioneering Black analysts and intellectuals, multiracial clinicians and academics have opened up the psychoanalytic discourse to mixed-race voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper "Shame: An Acute Stress Response to Interpersonal Traumatization," by Dianne Trumbull. Topics mentioned include the visual dimension, power, and pain of shame, distinction between shame and guilt, the role of shame in development and attachment emotion, the impact of shame on self-esteem, and the interaction of shame and culture.

The undeniable realities of globalization at the dawn of the 21st century have brought the United States and its citizens to the startling realization that we must grapple politically, economically, and culturally with the wide range of diversity existing within and without our borders. As greater numbers of culturally diverse persons are now represented in their caseloads, psychoanalysts are also forced to examine the relevance of psychoanalytic theories and practice in meeting their needs. The author discusses three papers that propose overlapping and differing opinions as to the function of psychoanalysis in the lives of culturally diverse patients, and its capacity to influence more public, social and political change. This paper questions the meaning of the term "culture." It attempts to tease apart the nature of memory and dissociation among those who suffer intergenerational trauma because of their membership in particular cultural or ethnic groups. Also addressed is the extent to which, as described by social constructivist theory, self is entirely a socially constructed phenomenon. The author questions the extent to which, alternatively, "self," possessed of will, agency and authority, exists in a mutually influencing relationship with the social world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has both theoretical and historico-cultural dimensions. Theoretically, it describes the origins of an "American Independent Tradition," intersubjective ego psychology, in the work of Loewald and Erikson. Just as the British Independent or Middle Group thinkers incorporated elements of both the Anna Freudian and Kleinian approaches, so the work of Loewald and Erikson incorporated and synthesized elements from the two dominant and antagonistic schools-Hartmannian ego psychology and Sullivanian interpersonal psychoanalysis-that constituted classical American psychoanalysis. Intersubjective ego psychology, exemplified in the work of these two founding thinkers and others who follow them, remains firmly committed to ego psychological understandings and technique while also theorizing, without thereby coming to identify as either interpersonal or relational, the centrality and pervasive impact of the object-relational, develop- mental, and analytic transference-countertransference fields. As a historicocultural study, the paper explores what makes American psychoanalysis American, though it also suggests that defining, other than descriptively, what is characteristically American is itself problematic and can be done only with self-conscious irony. It also provides a historical overview of psychoanalytic controversies in the United States, and it considers schematically the relations between "American" and "European" psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the first four decades in the history of the pioneering journal Psychosomatic Medicine. The goal of the journal as stated by its founders was to reform medicine by scientifically reintegrating the "mind" into medicine. However, from its inception, the editorial members were haunted by internal ambiguity regarding the nature of psychosomatic knowledge. This led to recurrent identity crises. This study tells the story of the complex interplay between internal and external forces shaping Psychosomatic Medicine's institutional transitions and epistemological transformations. It demonstrates how, despite this continuous internal confusion, the level of consistency necessary for gaining legitimacy increased during the process of evaluating papers. The increased level of standardization coincided with a transition in the psychosomatic movement's epistemological approach: from causation to correlation. The initial attempt to search for causal mechanisms linking the psyche and the soma were replaced by correlational models measuring various manifestations of psychological and biological phenomena in a way that presupposed and reduplicated the split the founders ironically sought to supersede. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the political implications of a subject not always thought of as directly political, but which has an important ideological component: child-rearing advice. The period after 1945 offers an important example of how this topic can interact with developments in political ideology. This article takes the example of France, with substantial comparative reference to the US and Britain. It argues that the mid-twentieth century was characterized by a move from a hygienist and behaviourist approach to child rearing to a more liberal, humanist approach informed by Freudian psychoanalysis. This occurred significantly later in France – in the 1970s – than in Britain or the US, where it is associated with the years immediately after World War II. Through a comparison of two celebrated childcare experts who epitomized the change – Françoise Dolto in France, Benjamin Spock in the US – the paper explores the reasons for this temporal discrepancy. It shows that Anglo-American experts believed that the widespread application of psychoanalytic theory would help produce democratic citizens and ward off the dangers of authoritarian personalities. In France, psychoanalytic approaches became allied with conservative Catholic views of the family and women's roles, with implications for family policy into the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By briefly exploring three different examples where the existence of mental illness and developmental delay has been presumed, this paper sheds light on the way what Foucault calls the emergence of a regime of truth, i.e. where something that does not exist is made to exist through the construction of a system of truth around it. The first example concerns the direct marketing of pharmaceutical products to consumers in the US, the second the use of psychology in semi-post-Cold War Korea, and the third the persisting authority of psychology in the treatment of the developmentally delayed. While these instances are not innately connected, looking at these as part of the process by which the authoritative knowledge is established will help us understand, albeit partially, the mechanism by which mental illness penetrates our lives as truth, and how this regime of truth is supported by the authority of psychology, psychiatry and psychoanalysis, what Foucault calls the ‘psy-function,’ reinforcing the medicalisation of our lives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Part I reviews the role of the Emergency Committee on Relief and Immigration of the American Psychoanalytic Association, chaired by Lawrence Kubie and Bettina Warburg, members of the New York Psychoanalytic Society, in facilitating the immigration to the United States of scores of European analysts and candidates between 1938 and 1943. The challenges facing the committee are outlined in reports written by Kubie and Warburg. In particular, the intractable problem of how to integrate European lay analysts into the American Psychoanalytic Association was an ever present problem. Part II describes the impact emigré analysts had on the intellectual life of the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, and considers how the psychoanalytic work of the emigrés was influenced by their move to America. The reminiscences of two emigré analysts, Peter Neubauer and Kurt R. Eissler, on their experience of coming to the United States close the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper analyzes the film No Country for Old Men (Joel Coen and Ethan Coen, 2007) through the lens of Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis. Rather than deploy psychoanalytic theory to explore the vicissitudes of spectatorship of the film (say: identification), this paper appropriates the concepts of Freud and Lacan (specifically: the Freudian myth of the primal horde murder of the father and the Lacanian theory of the phallus) to illuminate the aporetic structure of the film. I begin with the distinction between nature and culture - or landscape and law - depicted in the opening sequence of the film. I first argue that Llewelyn's original crime - to steal the suitcase full of cash at the site of the heroin deal gone awry - figures him as the outlaw brother of the primal horde who refuses the pact among the brothers that promises to repress the ferocity of their desires in order to make peace for the survivors of the murder of the primal father. This original crime destabilizes the function of the phallus - namely, to coordinate and balance the structure of the social order - and spawns the figure of a dysfunctional phallus - namely, Anton. My main argument is that the sadistic figure of Anton represents a perversion of the law - a dysfunctional deployment of the phallus. This dysfunctional phallus demonstrates a rigid morality inimical to the proper role of the phallus as defender of the ethical sphere of mediation and compromise. The conclusion to the paper asserts that the redemption of the structural father - in the place of the primal father - promises a return to the proper function of the phallus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Information about several papers discussed at a congress sponsored by the International Psycho-Analytical Association on the Kleinian theory of clinical narcissism is presented. Topics include the notion of narcissism and the existence of Kleinian thought and Kleinian groups in the United States The symposium featured several panelists including Robert Hinshelwood, Joseph Aguayo, and Elizabeth Barros.

This paper locates the concept of learning among real-life human experiences and events. Functioning as a sign, a meaningful event can be understood in terms of a cultural extra-linguistic “text.” Reading and interpreting diverse cultural “texts” are equivalent to constructing and learning critical symbolic lessons embedded in a continuous process of our experiential, both intellectual and ethical, growth. The paper employs Julia Kristeva’s theory of the abjection and her method of semanalysis as a synthesis of philosophy, psychoanalysis and semiotics. Extending semiotic analysis to the level of informal education, the paper asserts that real-life events, such as the destruction of the Twin Towers on September 11, can become a means towards constructing the cultural pedagogy of hope paramount to sustaining a global society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In numerous Western countries, psychotherapies have come under increasing governmental regulation. A more recent development is the increasing scrutiny given to psychoanalysis in the United Kingdom, in France, and in the United States. This paper examines a particular document that was created by four professional psychoanalytic organizations that are based in the United States. The document called Standards of Psychoanalytic Education aims to develop criteria that would guide accreditation and the organization of psychoanalytic institutes. The document is part of a set of concerns and actions related to the state regulation of psychoanalytic practice, its professional status, and the protection of those who seek its services. The essay examines the putative theoretical neutrality of this document by unfolding its tenets in terms of Lacanian psychoanalysis, a school of psychoanalysis that would take exception to many of the ideas suggested in the document's template for psychoanalytic education. The paper follows one line of argumentation throughout: what is the place of the Social Field, the Symbolic Other, within psychoanalytic process and as a recourse for professional legitimization that stands outside of psychoanalysis? As a practice of particularity, what relation does the discipline bear to other mental health fields and to the norms and knowledge systems of the mental health professions? Using a Lacanian orientation, two senses of the Other are discussed, and the specificity of psychoanalysis is asserted. This specificity is contrasted with some of the goals and constraints that are introduced by current approaches to regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first defines race and related dehumanizing experiences and then explores the history of the study of Blacks in ethnography and in psychoanalysis before addressing the primary focus: psychoanalytical ethnography. Psychoanalytical ethnography is valuable for transforming racially wounded communities into vibrant open communities through creating a safe place for community leaders and residents to ‘play’. In the process of their play, they gradually unravel the layers of race, which most fundamentally is emotionality, and begin to engage in tasks that work towards developing a more open, welcoming community. The paper draws on the work of neo‐Freudians such as Winnicott and Kohut to develop a safe space for the researcher and focus groups to create a process of play that unpeels layers or race as an emotional scar and to develop empowering ways to transform closed communities into open communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on anecdotes that illustrate some European fantasies about the U.S.A. and its citizens, this paper suggests that what's American about American psychoanalysis has to do with differing cultural perspectives on human nature and on the relation of self to other. Via the European prejudices and stereotypes conveyed in the anecdotes, the essay delineates certain enviable things about what the U.S. stands for, such as persistent demands for equality and relatively greater possibilities for social mobility, as well as certain unenviable things, such as a superficial niceness and a tendency to deny the individual's embeddedness in social contexts. The paper puts relational analytic theory in its socio-historic context, praising its deconstruction of analytic authority while questioning the way it for the most part maintains the analytic tradition of grounding the individual in no larger social context than that of the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to a special section 'On Being Lesbian in the Contemporary U.S.' consists of four papers which consider different aspects of lesbian experience from a socio-historical perspective, and one which explores attitudes towards lesbians by white evangelical Protestants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Martin Bergmann has contributed to our understanding of psychoanalysis for more than sixty years. A review of his contributions to psychoanalysis was completed in 1994, when Bergmann was 83 years old. Consideration of his remarkable productivity in the last twenty years clearly demonstrates the need to update this review. In these years, he extended his writing on the history of psychoanalysis, added to his contributions to an understanding of love, advanced ideas about psychoanalytic technique, and wrote two books on Shakespeare, as well as doing work in anthropology, sociology, literature, history, and religious studies. This paper reviews that work.

The author provides some scaffolding for thinking about emerging and unintended integrative developments in clinical theory. The emergent theory to which the author refers works at a different level of theoretical discourse than explicit attempts at comparative translation of psychoanalytic concepts or theories. In contrast, most of the theory that is explored in this paper involves clinical discourse aimed at solving important common clinical problems. The work of a group of authors (Jay Greenberg, John Steiner, Anton Kris, Michael Feldman and Charles Spezzano) is described as simultaneously embedded within a particular orientation while demonstrating a kind of unwitting reach to a broad swathe of analysts. Distinctions are made between this kind of linking of clinical theory versus self-consciously syncretic and integrative approaches to theory development. The author also discusses the educational implications of this emergent theory for teaching and learning during psychoanalytic training., (Copyright © 2015 Institute of Psychoanalysis.)

This paper is a critical engagement with Freud's anthropological theory of the origins of law and religion, which Freud developed as his representation and development of the Oedipal myth. Freud's mythology, it is argued, is the theoretical result of the essentially narrative nature of psychoanalytical praxis. Freud's myth, especially its treatment of patricide as the original sin, is seen to be a displacement of the biblical myth of fratricide as the original sin. It is argued that the biblical myth is more coherent than Freud's myth, and that it corresponds to the reality of the human condition better than Freud's myth. The paper concludes with the suggestion that the acceptance of the biblical myth in place of Freud's does not necessarily entail a rejection of psychoanalysis as a praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henri Ellenberger (1905–1993) wrote the first French-language synthesis of transcultural psychiatry (“Ethno-psychiatrie”) for the French Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale in 1965. His work casts new light on the early development of transcultural psychiatry in relation to scientific communities and networks, particularly on the role of Georges Devereux (1908–1985). The Ellenberger archives offer the possibility of comparing published texts with archival ones to create a more nuanced account of the history of transcultural psychiatry, and notably of the psychological treatment of Native Americans. This paper examines some key moments in the intellectual trajectories of Devereux and Ellenberger, including Devereux’s dispute with Ackerknecht, the careers of Devereux and Ellenberger as therapists at the Menninger Foundation (Topeka, Kansas) in the 1950s, and their respective positions in the research network developed by McGill University (Montreal, Quebec) with the newsletter Transcultural Research in Mental Health Problems. Finally, I consider their ties to other important figures in this field as it transitioned from colonial medicine to academic medicine, including Roger Bastide (France), Henri Collomb and the Ortigues (France and Africa), as well as Eric Wittkower and Brian Murphy (Canada) and Alexander Leighton (United States and Canada). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Bion's 1967 memory and desire paper reflected a crucial episode in his clinical thinking during his epistemological period, it was also central to his evolution as a Kleinian psychoanalyst who worked with seriously disturbed adult patients. The author explicates and contextualizes these claims with a new archival document, the Los Angeles Seminars delivered by Bion in April 1967, and the full-length version of Notes on memory and desire. Bion here instigated a radical departure from years of theory-laden work when he made his clinical work and ideas accessible to a new audience of American Freudian analysts. While this new group was keenly interested to hear about Bion's clinical technique with both borderline and psychotic patients, there were varied reactions to Bion's ideas on the technical implications of the analyst's abandonment of memory and desire. Both the Los Angeles Seminars and Notes elicited responses ranging from bewilderment, admiration to skepticism amongst his audience of listeners and readers. These materials also however allow for a more complete and systematic presentation of important ideas about analytic technique - and while his ideas in this domain have been long valued and known by many psychoanalysts, this contribution stresses the crucial aspect of the reception of his ideas about technique in a particular American context. American analysts gained a much more explicit idea of how Bion worked analytically, how he listened, formulated interpretations and factored in the analyst's listening receptivity in the here-and-now. The author concludes with a consideration of the importance of Bion's American reception in 1967., (Copyright © 2014 Institute of Psychoanalysis.)

This two-part essay offers a critical assessment of Hillman's archetypal psychology and enquires into its viability as a psychological model. The first part explores his legacy and reviews the metapsychological frame in which his work operates. It considers the relation between his thought and Jung's, and argues that Hillman's work is not so much post-Jungian as pre-Jungian. The second part is primarily intrapsychic; it explores Hillman's character, as discerned through his writings and interviews, and considers his work as an expression of the puer aeternus. It is argued that the puer prefers to live in an eternal dream-state resistant to growing up: yet denial of the maturational impulse will only lead to it happening anyway but in a negative form. The paper considers how Hillman's model was 'unmade' by the missing developmental element of his thought. Development is an archetypal and bio-psychological necessity, and if rejected it can ruin any system that refuses to take it seriously. In Hillman's case this manifested in the form of a repressed masculine shadow, destroying the credibility of his earlier work. The two-part paper attempts to weave an objective appraisal with a running commentary based on the author's personal engagement with the man and his work., (© 2014, The Society of Analytical Psychology.)

This paper briefly reviews challenges to psychoanalysis at this time, including those derived from both external, societal origins and internal psychoanalytic problems. It focuses attention on serious conflicts around psychoanalytic education, and refers to the training analysis system as a central problem determining fundamental constraints on present-day psychoanalytic education. These constraints are examined in some detail, and the general advantages and disadvantages of the training analysis system are outlined. The effects of all these dynamics on the administrative organization of the American Psychoanalytic Association are explored, and a proposal for a fundamental reorganization of our educational system to resolve the correspondent problems is outlined.

Abrams, currently the longest serving editor of The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, offers his views of emerging models and themes in the understanding of children, which has characterized The PSOC since its inception in 1945. In his view, the first of its published papers, Hartmann and Kris's "The Genetic Approach in Psychoanalysis," set the stage for examining innovative ways to view the growth of the mind in general and the psychological development of children in particular. In his judgment, many of its published papers have highlighted expectable dispositional discontinuities as well as recognizable continuities interacting with a varying and sometimes unexpected set of environment circumstances. That interaction occurs within a dialectical space that contributes its own unique influences. This investigative trend, scattered throughout its nearly seventy-year history, may reflect the recognition for the need for a different foundational theory for our discipline or perhaps a new paradigm altogether.

Two important schools of thought began in the nineteenth century in Central Europe: Marxism and psychoanalysis. They had much common but there were significant differences. The Marxist influence on early psychoanalysts played out in one way in Europe and another way in the United States. Freud and his Austro-Marxist colleagues were committed to human welfare and social justice. They established a network of clinics that offered psychoanalysis to patients of limited means. The free clinics movement did not cross the Atlantic. There was a cohort of Marxists in the United States who belonged to the United States Communist Party. They were not publicly socially committed, but this paper will try to show that their Marxism influenced their psychoanalytic theory, practice, and politics.

This paper furthers the use of psychoanalysis as a lens for reading the contemporary political and social world and explores the ongoing reproduction of the racial unconscious in the United States. In applying a psychoanalytic lens to interpersonal violence and legal and political discourse during Obama's presidency, we attempt to explore how internal fear of blackness prevents America and psychoanalysis from accessing non-destructive relational psychological spaces. We argue that the violent responses to racial blackness and power are not second-hand effects of racial and economic disparity, but rather intimate parts of our psychodynamics that involve an intersubjective process we term 'object fear.' We discuss relational theories that help us negotiate object fear as a location for often ignored racialized group and dyadic psychodynamics, looking at specific examples of object fear, interpersonal violence and the limits of relational psychoanalysis to address these types of object relations. We end by turning to a series of recent Supreme Court decisions to look at the ways in which object fear has been triggered at this historical moment in relation to the presence of a black president and the threat to the maintenance of white supremacy in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the research paper of American psychologist Kenneth Winarick titled "Psychoanalytic Pluralism through the Lens of Envy and Narcissism" presented during the scientific meeting of the American Institute for Psychoanalysis on February 27, 2014. The paper draws the relationship between envy and narcissism. The paper focuses on connectivity in which the ideas intersect and may subsequently expand clinical understanding.

Responding to these deeply thoughtful commentaries at a moment of urgency, in the United States and globally, around the impact of racial violence, this reply reflects on the limits and potential of psychoanalysis to address these vast social problems. I discuss the confrontation this moment entails for white people; the importance of resisting the urge to respond to this confrontation by "leaving" in any of the ways elaborated by Cyrus, Davids and Swartz (this issue); and the fantasies of control contained within the liberal idea of "giving up" privilege, as critiqued by Swartz. Drawing on the respondents' insights, I revisit the psychoanalytic concept of rupture and repair and its limits within a context of ongoing structural violence; and reconsider how questions of agency and subjecthood are constructed in the idea of reparation, suggesting that what is in fact impossible may not be reparation itself, but reparation as an action of white people, seen as subjects, toward people of color, seen as objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the history of psychodynamic treatment of psychosis in the United States, emphasizing the current severe problems in this area, and exploring their causes. It recommends that we bring back the older interpersonal, humanistic approaches, recognizing that reliance on salience-muting medications is both short-sighted and dangerous.

This paper is written in celebration of the centenary of The Psychoanalytic Review and aims to bring to life its entire history-100 years of publication. Almost as old as psychoanalysis itself, established by Jelliffe and White as a nonorthodox journal, and guided by all its subsequent editors, the Review has maintained its original mission: to serve as an open venue for all psychoanalytic perspectives, "a free forum for all." But the history of the Review is not without controversy. Freud made no original contributions to the Review. The paper unveils the Review's, rich history by looking briefly into the lives of some of its editors, the circumstances surrounding the creation of the Review (including pertinent correspondence between Freud and Brill and between Freud and Jelliffe), the years (with their engrossing politics) that followed the establishment of the Review until its merger with the journal Psychoanalysis (the official journal of NPAP), and the years that followed the merger to the present, including some of the important events that reshaped psychoanalysis. The role of the Review in promoting and reflecting almost the entire evolution of psychoanalysis is illustrated throughout.

The author provides a brief overview of the papers given at the Schafer Symposium in October 2012 by the following six presenters: Henry Schwartz, Richard Fritsch, Rosemary Balsam, Lucy LaFarge, Michael Feldman, and Jay Greenberg. He also highlights some important ongoing themes in Schafer's writing, including theory-about which Schafer takes a unique position-history, and ideas from other disciplines. Schafer prefers continuing explorations over arriving at conclusions, the author notes, and believes that students should remain faithful to their mentors' thinking-until it is time for them to move beyond it., (© 2013 The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, Inc.)