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This paper presents some possibilities for applying the linguistic and psychological theories of two dialogists, Mikhail Bakhtin and Jacques Lacan, to the classroom. There is a short summary of how the two theories may interact with each other and then a discussion of their two opposing views of identity formation. Bakhtin was a Russian, coming from the collectivist paradigm and Lacan's theories were arcane combinations of Freud's emphasis on the needs of the individual and French post-Revolutionary individualism. Lacan insisted that one could only become "whole" at the cost of incompleteness for another. Bakhtin opined that completeness could only be achieved within experiences shared and co-constructed by others. This paper concludes with the question of how teachers can ensure the positive experience of co-construction rather than one person paying a cost for the other's identity-formation and whether it is possible to fully implement insights from a collectivistic paradigm in an education system where the stated aim is to enable each individual to meet his/her potential. (Contains 1 figure and 1 footnote.)

This paper examines definitions of the lived experience through a literature review that focusses the lens on both Vygotsky's and Stanislavski's considerations of the lived experience, or in the original Russian perezhivanie. This literature review seeks to establish both the distinction between the use of the term by the practitioners in the context of their respective fields, as well as to present the links between the rendering of the theory of perezhivanie as relevant in a contemporary creative performer training learning environment. The etymology of the term perezhivanie is investigated and contextual historical readings of the term perezhivanie are presented, with connections made between the practice of the teacher in the learning environment of the actor and the teacher's interaction with the lived experience of the student actor engaging in a creative process.

The relevance of the problem stated in the article is determined by the need of developing technological approaches to pedagogical support of students' social adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to position the technological sequence of pedagogical support of students' social adaptation in the activities of the socio-pedagogical complex. The leading method in the study of this problem was the method of modeling, which allowed us to identify the components and structure of the socio-pedagogical complex, the implementation of which optimizes the process of students' social adaptation. The article presents and characterizes the components of the socio-pedagogical complex revealed in the course of the study; proposes activities for the centers and services that provide pedagogical support of students' social adaptation; proves the efficiency of the socio-pedagogical complex technology on the basis of children's additional education institutions. The materials of the article are of theoretical and practical value for both researchers of the problems of personality social adaptation and for educational professionals implementing pedagogical support of students' social adaptation.

Purpose: The paper investigates personal and environmental factors providing for the efficiency of line managers' activity and contributing to their professional and career advancement. The paper studies the prognostic value of the assessment of personal and environmental factors providing for the efficiency of line managers' activity according to Blumberg and Pringle's methodology in order to select their lines of training and development. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological approach is based on Blumberg and Pringle's organizational-psychological model. A conceptual framework was developed from psychological test data and expert interviews with 307 line managers (of two large enterprises), 65 top managers and 100 entrepreneurs (heads of SMEs) from the Northwest of Russia. Findings: The research allowed the isolation of those personal qualities of line managers that separate them from top managers. Sets of personal and environmental factors providing for line managers' labor efficiency and contributing to their professional and career advancement were determined. Research limitations/implications: Employees at Russian state industrial enterprises were the subject of this research. The specifics of respondent sampling restrict the possibility of extrapolating the findings and generalizations made in this paper onto middle and lower managers from organizations with other ownership patterns, areas of activity and ethnic cultures. Practical implications: The research findings can be used by HRD specialists in industrial enterprises for the creation of development programs for line managers. Am assessment of personal and environmental factors based on Blumberg and Pringle's model can be used as a criterion for selecting areas of development for line managers, as it is aligned towards the realization of personal and professional potential. Based on the assessment results, variants of training can be offered to employees in the professional sphere, or in the sphere of management or personal development. Originality/value: For the first time, in this work the differences in personality traits of line managers and top managers of Russian industrial enterprises have been determined, sets of personal and professional factors characterizing line managers' attitudes to development prospects have been described (these sets have been conventionally named "specialists" and "careerists"), and the possibility of using Blumberg and Pringle's model to predict line managers' potential areas of training and development has been demonstrated. (Contains 5 figures and 10 tables.)

This paper examines the psychological well-being of high school adolescents immigrating from Russia and Ukraine to Israel without parents. Data were collected in a 3-year longitudinal study that covered the premigration through postmigration periods. Immigrant adolescents were compared with nonemigrating adolescents in Russia and Ukraine. Psychological well-being of immigrants was highest in the premigration period. During the process of immigration, general self-esteem, body image, social competence, school competence, and loneliness followed a U-curve: they declined in the 1st year after immigration and improved in the 3rd year after immigration. Emotional and behavioral problems of immigrants increased in the 1st year after immigration and did not change in subsequent years. At the end of the 3-year period, self-esteem exceeded the premigration level, emotional and behavioral problems and loneliness remained below the premigration level, while body image, social competence, and school competence returned to the premigration level. Throughout the entire immigration period, the psychological well-being of immigrants was higher than that of nonemigrating adolescents. Premigration psychological well-being as well as perceived social conditions in the host country (discrimination and social support) predicted postmigration psychological well-being. The results obtained are discussed in light of the stress-coping model of immigration and ecological systems theory.

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence and implications of information warfare during the current armed conflicts on the digital information landscape. Disinformation campaigns are not a new weapon on the battlefield, but the rapid development of technology, like artificial intelligence (AI), in recent history has contributed to the rapid transformation of the digital information landscape. This poses a threat to the future of digital information, blurring the lines between reality and fantasy, ultimately revealing the depth of disinformation as a contributor to psychological operations during these times. This paper will explore the history of disinformation during armed conflicts, review current literature on disinformation and the implications, analyze the disinformation campaigns utilized during current Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, and highlight the humanitarian direness of the transforming digital information landscape. It has been revealed that this issue is multifaceted-undetectably embedding itself within societies across the globe, influencing not only decisive military actions locally, but the minds of millions. Left unaddressed on a global scale, disinformation campaigns may leave the digital information landscape unrecognizable in the future while harming consumers everywhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses Vygotsky's ideas in art psychology on the role of emotion in art, the nature of the aesthetic experience, the semiotic nature of psychological processes, and the foundation of a Marxist psychology and a Marxist aesthetics. Central to all of his ideas was his critique of Russian formalism. (MMU)

Based on interviews and desk review this paper explores social work activities during the on-going armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine with regard to theoretical framework of a multidimensional 'hybrid war'. The study defines the key groups of war-affected population and looks at a variety of interventions during different stages of the warfare (2014-2016). The paper argues that during the armed conflict Ukrainian social services and social workers have been unprepared to act in emergency situations and political conflicts. A number of structural and ethical complexities have been identified, including value conflicts. The paper suggests possible ways of ensuring social work responses to the emergency situations during warfare within the context of the newly developed professional social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with an overview of AR Luria's biography, we will present his works in general psychology which are key to his conception of neuropsychology (this will be developed in a forthcoming paper). We will focus on the construction of the historical and cultural theory of psychology developed with LS Vygotski, according to which, in man, the natural mental activities, related to the genetic evolution and shared by all humankind, are transformed into higher cortical functions (that is conscious and voluntary activities) through the mediation of language and the products of social activity, thus differ according to the development of societies. We review the Luria's studies devoted to support the theory in his expeditions in Central Asia, his studies in twins and intellectual disabled children, and the demonstration of the role of speech in the child development of the higher mental activities and regulation of behavior.

At present, the problem of sustaining the law-abiding behavior of minors in educational institutions, identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to the development of deviant behavior of students is becoming more and more topical. This paper presents the results of a monitoring study of the current state of the activities carried out by educational institutions to form the law-abiding behavior of minors in the territorial entities of the Russian Federation. It also presents the results of a theoretical study of the foreign experience of educational institutions in the framework of maintaining the law-abiding behavior of minors in the educational environment. The conclusions have been drawn that a system-activity approach should be the basis of an educational impact in educational institutions which will provide: the formation of students’ readiness for self-development; the design and construction of a social environment for the development of students based on moral principles, traditional Russian values, relevant scientific knowledge and skills, respect for the traditions of the multinational, multicultural and multiconfessional Russian society; active educational and cognitive activities of students; building educational and moral education activity, taking account of the individual age-related psychological and physiological characteristics of students and with a focus on educational results. The materials of the paper are part of a large-scale study within the framework of the "Conception for the development of a system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency for the period up to 2020", conducted by a team of scientists from 2017 to 2020, whose scientific interests lie in the study of the problem of deviant behavior of minors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orienteering problem (OP) is a routing problem, where the aim is to generate a path through set of nodes, which would maximize total score and would not exceed the budget. In this paper, we present an extension of classic OP—Orienteering Problem with Functional Profits (OPFP), where the score of a specific point depends on its characteristics, position in the route, and other points in the route. For solving OPFP, we developed an open-source framework for solving orienteering problems, which utilizes four core components of OP in its modular architecture. Fully-written in Go programming language our framework can be extended for solving different types of tasks with different algorithms; this was demonstrated by implementation of two popular algorithms for OP solving—Ant Colony Optimization and Recursive Greedy Algorithm. Computational efficiency of the framework was shown through solving four well-known OP types: classic Orienteering Problem (OP), Orienteering Problem with Compulsory Vertices (OPCV), Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (OPTW), and Time Dependent Orienteering Problem (TDOP) along with OPFP. Experiments were conducted on a large multi-source dataset for Saint Petersburg, Russia, containing data from Instagram, TripAdvisor, Foursquare and official touristic website. Our framework is able to construct touristic paths for different OP types within few seconds using dataset with thousands of points of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite covering most of the Eurasian continent and recently reclaiming its position as a geopolitical heavyweight, the (world) heritage agenda of the Russian Federation remains relatively unexplored. In an effort to fill this gap, this paper seeks to uncover some of the main threads that define the politics of historical sites in Russia through contextualising Russia’s most recent addition to World Heritage Site: the archaeological site of Bolgar (Federal Republic of Tatarstan). Within this exercise, specific attention will be given to the ideological pathways, asymmetric power relations and shifting geopolitical alignments that define the sociocultural dimensions of the site. Popular heritage themes such as ethno-nationalism, post-colonialism, neo-liberalism, representational practices and branding will be scrutinised. Besides contributing to the globalisation project that is expediting the theoretical maturing of heritage studies, at the end of the paper some theoretical opportunities will briefly be explored. This paper concludes that heritage in Russia is far from neutral, and that international heritage organisations and researchers involved in Russia have more consideration for foster reflexivity about their actions and particular position in relation to governmental institutions. Cultural remains are important political commodities in Putin’s asymmetrical federation. Especially now that the sector has evolved into a multi-million business, the integrity of heritage practitioners is threatened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-help has become a booming business over the past decades and an increasingly visible part of popular media culture worldwide. The paper analyzes the arrival and effects of this cultural technology in post- Soviet Russia after more than seventy years of socialism. It examines how Russians are engaging with popular psychology self-help as a technology of the self and how they are making it meaningful in their lives. Drawing on a set of one-to-one and focus group interviews conducted with self-help readers, it examines how these individuals negotiate the new ethics and the normative models of personhood put forward by the self-help genre. It argues that popular psychology has offered a new language for making sense of the self and the social world, and highlights how the readers critically engage with the normalizing power of popular psychology by drawing on a number of local historically sedimented discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current paper authors discuss problems of marine and aerospace medicine and psychophysiology, which Georgii Zarakovskii (1925-2014), a prominent domestic experts in the field of military medicine, psychology and ergonomics, solved. Authors focused on methodological approaches and results of the study of psychophysiological characteristics and human capabilities took into account for design of tools and organization of flight crews, astronauts and military experts. Authors marked the contribution to the creation of a system integrating psychophysiological features and characteristics of the person neccessary for development, testing and maintenance of aerospace engineering and organization of its professional activities. The possibilities of using the methodology of psychophysiological activity analysis in order to improve the reliability of psychophysiological military specialists, are shown.

The dramatic changes in the political and economic structures of Russian society have been widely documented and have focused interest on the interpersonal lives of the Russian peoples. The two studies reported in this paper use the cultural theory of Mary Douglas to examine intimate disclosure amongst cohorts of students, entrepreneurs and manual workers. Structured questionnaire responses analysed at the individual level suggest that those who believe in rules disclose less than those who do not. Analysis at the occupational level revealed that manual workers found discussing the family problematic whilst entrepreneurs found discussing sex and love difficult. Some age and sex effects were also evident, with younger informants and female respondents more willing to disclose. The implications of these findings for the efficacy of cultural theory, and the future development of interpersonal life in Russia, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vygotsky's The Historical Significance of the Crisis in Psychology (1926-1927) is an important text in the history and philosophy of psychology that has only become available to scholars in 1982 in Russian, and in 1997 in English. The goal of this paper is to introduce Vygotsky's conception of psychology to a wider audience. I argue that Vygotsky's argument about the "crisis" in psychology and its resolution can be fully understood only in the context of his social and political thinking. Vygotsky shared the enthusiasm, widespread among Russian leftist intelligentsia in the 1920s, that Soviet society had launched an unprecedented social experiment: The socialist revolution opened the way for establishing social conditions that would let the individual flourish. For Vygotsky, this meant that "a new man" of the future would become "the first and only species in biology that would create itself." He envisioned psychology as a science that would serve this humanist teleology. I propose that The Crisis is relevant today insofar as it helps us define a fundamental problem: How can we systematically account for the development of knowledge in psychology? I evaluate how Vygotsky addresses this problem as a historian of the crisis., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This paper discusses the philosophical roots of the concept of sense in Russian philosophy and linguistic, analyzing its consequences for the social sciences, in particular for psychology. Starting from the relevance of the Vygotsky's definition of sense, through which that concept became psychological, is discussed its relevance for advancing forward in a proposal about subjectivity from a cultural historical approach. Advancing on this proposal, the concept of subjective sense is defined as a subjective unity whose focus, rather than being on the unity between word and psychological elements, as Vygotsky stated, is on the unity between symbolical processes and emotions. This theoretical account leads to a different representation of the relation between language, subject and subjectivity, which support a non rationalistic reductionism concerning subjectivity. Finally, on the basis of this non individualistic and non essentialist definition of subjectivity are discussed some of its implications for the development of a non rationalistic approach in psychotherapy.

The paper is about pedophilia phenomenon. Pedophilia is a phenomenon that should be studied through innovative approaches in science. The causes of pedophilia and the early prophylaxis methods have been discovered in Yuri Burlan's System-Vector Psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Although most members of the Pavlovian Society properly focus their efforts on empirical research, the scholarly, critical conceptual contributions of some individuals are also relevant to progress in psychology and behavioral neuroscience. This paper discusses the contributions of the late George Windholz (often in collaboration with Peter Lamal) as: (a) a historian of Pavlov's life and work; (b) an analyst of priority issues in psychology as a science; (c) a refuter of myths perpetrated by psychology texts. These contributions provide an example of the scholarly form of the motto "observation and observation," where the data used to test hypotheses comprise original documents (often in languages other than English) examined by the historian's critical eye.

This article is based on the analysis of empirical data collected during eight months of fieldwork-in the provincial town of Kondopoga, St. Petersburg, and Nizhny Novgorod. During this period, 56 individual and 16 collective interviews were conducted. The paper provides the main result of this comparative research on the urban riots in France and Russia, which is related to the media. More precisely, the importance of "global" factors linked to collective violence in these urban spaces was observed. The phenomenon could be called "global circulation of national imaginaries." Indeed, it was detected that the riots of November 2005 in France, due to their widespread international media coverage, became a source for various interpretations for Russian (more or less organized) ultranationalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residing at northern latitudes for long periods of time is associated with sleep disturbances and internal desynchronization, which are considered to be causes of chronic diseases in old age. In children and teenagers, they result in a poor school achievement, psychological problems, and increase in consumption of stimulants. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between both chronotype and sleep length and the variables of age, sex, place of residence, type of settlement (village/city), latitude and longitude of residence, and school achievement of young inhabitants of northern European Russia. We surveyed 1101 children and teenagers between 11 to 23 yrs of age living in four settlements located between 59° and 67° North latitude and 33° and 60° East longitude. The Munich chronotype questionnaire (MCTQ) was used in the study, and all participants were also required to answer a question about their school achievements. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess the influence of the analyzed factors on sleep length and chronotype. Self-reported sleep length of teenagers depended moderately on age, whereas the place of residence, latitude, and type of settlement only had a weak effect. Chronotype strongly depended on place of residence and longitude; it moderately depended on latitude and age; and it weakly depended on sex and type of settlement. The sleep length of village teenagers was 46 min longer than that of urban teenagers. The authors found a 1 h and 18 min phase delay of the sleep-wake rhythm (as a marker of chronotype) in teenagers moving in the East-West direction and a 16-min delay moving in the South-North direction within one time zone. There was a weak, but significant, positive correlation between chronotype and time of sunrise. There was about a 2-fold stronger influence of chronotype than sleep length on achievement of school children and college students. We conclude that socioeconomic factors exert a significant influence on sleep length and that climatic conditions exert a significant influence on the chronotype of teenagers in the northern latitudes. (Author correspondence: ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As demonstrated in three cases, this paper illustrates how psychoanalytically informed multimodal care was an essential element of effective medical treatment of children traumatized by the Chechen war. Multimodal psychoanalytically informed aid work involves holding a variety of psychoanalytic viewpoints, including but not restricted to those represented by the Freudian, Interpersonal, and Relational orientations; its purpose is to allow for greater clarity in conceptualizing the traumatized child's response to war in order to provide the necessary care during the therapeutic process. Among the issues addressed are how traumatic memory can initially be expressed nonverbally, and therefore the use of embodied life-metaphors and witnessing are central to the survivors' ability to remember and symbolize. In addition, the significance of cultural awareness and sensitivity are explored as key components to the children's care. In the first case, the author illustrates how a traumatic life-metaphor can be resolved at an embodied, rather than an exclusively verbal, level. In the second case, cultural tradition and relativism have a significant impact on addressing medical and quality of life issues for the child. The third case illustrates how the analyst functions as recognizing witness to a parent's trauma; the "being with" of the relationship becomes the agent of the parent's change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Predtechenskii and Milinskii''s seminal work [Predtechenskii VM, Milinskii AI. Planning for foot traffic flow in buildings. Revised and updated edition. Moscow: Stoiizdat; 1969] in relation to pedestrian flows is well known. However, analysis of the experimental results and observations obtained from this series of experimental studies revealed the inherent statistical non-homogeneity of pedestrian flow speeds [Kholshevnikov VV. The study of human flows and methodology of evacuation standardisation. Moscow: MIFS; 1999]. As such, the results of these individual experiments cannot be integrated to produce a valid general expression V=f(D) for each type of pedestrian flow path, where V is the flow velocity and D is the flow density. This paper presents further pedestrian flow research conducted in Russia post 1969. In this paper pedestrian flow is treated as a stochastic process, i.e., that which might be observed in a series of experiments as a manifestation of the random function V=f(D). A fundamentally new random methodology to mathematically describe this function is presented. Corresponding computer simulation models “Analysis of Foot Traffic Flow Probability” (known by the Russian acronym ADLPV) [Kholshevnikov VV. Human flows in buildings, structures and on their adjoining territories. Doctor of science thesis. Moscow: MISI; 1983; Kholshevnikov VV, Nikonov SA, Levin YP. Human flows modelling and computations. In: The study of architecture design issues. Tomsk: TGU; 1983; Kholschevnikov VV, Nikonov SA, Shamgunov RN. Modelling and analysis of motion of foot traffic flows in buildings of different usage. Moscow Civil Engineering Institute; 1986; Kholshevnikov VV, Nikonov SA, Shamgunov RN. Modelling and analysis of pedestrian of pedestrian flow movement in various facilities. CIB W14/87/41987; Bradley D, Drysdale D, Molkov V, editors. Retrospective review of research on pedestrian flows modelling in Russia and perspectives for its development. In: Proceedings of the fourth international seminar “fire and explosion hazards”, Londonderry, UK, 8–12 September 2003. p. 907–16; Nikonov SA. A development of an arrangements concerning fire evacuation in public buildings on the basic of foot traffic flow modelling. PhD thesis, (Supervisor V.V. Kholshevnikov). Moscow: HFSETS; 1985; Isaevich II. A development of multi-variative analysis of design solution for subway stations and transfer knots based on foot traffic flow modelling. PhD thesis, (Supervisor V.V. Kholshevnikov). Moscow: MISI; 1990] and “Free Foot Traffic Flow” (known by the Russian acronym SDLP) [Kholshevnikov VV. Human flows in buildings, structures and on their adjoining territories. Doctor of science thesis. Moscow: MISI; 1983; Aibuev ZS-A. The formation of foot traffic flows on large industrial territories. PhD thesis, Moscow: Moscow Civil Engineering Institute; 1989; Nikonov SA. A development of an arrangements concerning fire evacuation in public buildings on the basic of foot traffic flow modelling. PhD thesis, (Supervisor V.V. Kholshevnikov). Moscow: HFSETS; 1985; Kholshevnikov VV, Shields TJ, Samoshyn DA. Foot traffic flows: background for modelling. Proceedings of the second international conference on pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, University of Greenwich, 2003, p. 420] are described. The high degree of correspondence between observed pedestrian flows and the output from these models has been sufficient for the models to be accepted by statutory authorities and used in building design and regulation in Russia [Building regulations. Fire safety of buildings and structures. SNiP II-2-80. Moscow: Stroizdat; 1981.; State Standard 12.1.0004—91 (GOST). Fire Safety. General requirements. Moscow, 1992; Building Regulations. Building accessibility for disabled people. SNiP 35-01-2000. Moscow: Stroizdat; 2000] for many years. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper a review of studies on temperament in Russia conducted during the last two decades is presented. Special attention has been given to the linkage between the theoretical background of modern Russian psychology and the main tendencies in the development of Russian studies on temperament. Three main trends are discussed: the traditional trend referring to the classic (Pavlovian) approach, the behavioural one based on modern conceptions in behavioural sciences, and the personological approach which postulates a holistic (‘integral’) view on human individuality. Finally, the interrelationships between the main trends in research on temperament are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What keeps regular blood donors coming back, despite the inconvenience and discomfort, thereby maintaining the community's blood supply? We approached 494 people waiting to give blood, 229 Americans and 265 Russians, with a survey that assessed their motivations to donate, their contextual emotions, and their future donation intentions. The Russian sample was older, and many were regulars at the donation centre. The U.S. sample was younger, attending a 3‐day college blood drive. Multigroup path analysis results showed that, as hypothesised, in both samples, autonomous donation motivations predicted contextual emotions and future donation intentions. Furthermore, contextual emotions partially mediated the motivation‐to‐future intentions effect. Small differences in results for the two samples, as well as differences in the two national systems for maintaining blood supplies, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article first describes the three periods of the recent past in Chinese theoretical psychology: (a) the period that introduced Western theoretical psychology and the establishment of Chinese theoretical psychology (1917–1948), (b) the period that introduced Soviet Russian psychology and the popularity of Marxist psychology (1949–1976), and (c) the period that reintroduced Western theoretical psychology and the birth of its Chinese counterpart (1977–present). Then, we discuss the trapped condition of contemporary Chinese theoretical psychology, such as the need for originality, the change in the Chinese academic environment, and the lack of proper self-positioning. To solve these problems in China, the following suggestions are proposed: (a) advancement of meta-theoretical research, (b) support for experimental psychological studies, (c) bridging of psychology and its neighboring disciplines, (d) bridging the gap between psychology and the public, and (e) bridging domestic and foreign cultural psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we intent to show which are the social representations the young people from Romania have regarding globalization and national identity. We try to answer the question if globalization could be a negative process for our cultural security and if the young people are still attached by the romanian cultural values. As research methods, we used the in-depth interview, which offered us the possibility to identify some deep aspects of the young people attitudes towards the impact of globalization on national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Chernobyl Forum Report from the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster concluded that mental health effects were the most significant public health consequence of the accident. This paper provides an updated review of research on the psychological impact of the accident during the 25 year period since the catastrophe began. First responders and clean-up workers had the greatest exposure to radiation. Recent studies show that their rates of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder remain elevated two decades later. Very young children and those in utero who lived near the plant when it exploded or in severely contaminated areas have been the subject of considerable research, but the findings are inconsistent. Recent studies of prenatally exposed children conducted in Kiev, Norway and Finland point to specific neuropsychological and psychological impairments associated with radiation exposure, whereas other studies found no significant cognitive or mental health effects in exposed children grown up. General population studies report increased rates of poor self-rated health as well as clinical and subclinical depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mothers of young children exposed to the disaster remain a high-risk group for these conditions, primarily due to lingering worries about the adverse health effects on their families. Thus, long-term mental health consequences continue to be a concern. The unmet need for mental health care in affected regions remains an important public health challenge 25 years later. Future research is needed that combines physical and mental health outcome measures to complete the clinical picture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: My paper explores how, through the lens and language of hunger in literary texts, we can appreciate some important aspects of modern Russian culture. A faithful companion of wars, revolutions, and great changes during the turbulent periods in Russia''s twentieth-century history, hunger feeds the literary imagination. Eating in siege-texts is perceived not merely as a physical function, but also as a social agent. And these periods of actual starvation gave rise in the literature to a poignant imagination of the consumption of food. Food, I argue, conveyed both the negative and positive perceptions of the world – thoughts of both lack and abundance. We can agree with Terry Eagleton that “food is endlessly interpretable” and eating can be perceived as “a combination of biological necessity with cultural significance”. We see a striking example of the transformation of historical hunger and material lack into a common bond that stirs communal imagination in Lidiia Ginzburg''s Blockade Diary (Zapiski blokadnogo cheloveka, 1942-1962-1983). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper proposed a new model of psychosocial stress in the light of changing social norms and value orientation. It is argued that the prevalent psychosocial distress underscores the emergence of psychopathy in everyday life. In today's world, psychopathy is becoming a norm and is sustained by social and political institutions. The article discusses the consequent crisis of psychology in Russia and the United States. A need to develop a unifying science with less rigid professional and disciplinary boundaries is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: For the timely detection of the people's health problems in the Arctic zone we used in parallel methods of heart rhythm variability (HRV) and gas-discharge visualization (GDV). Subjects: A group of 120 volunteers - male residents of Murmansk region in Russia's Arctic zone divided into two age groups: 58 people aged 31.54±5.69 and 62 people aged 54.31±7.26 participated in a study. Results: Age-related differences in the associated indicators of GDV grams and HRV were shown with many correlations between the two methods. Conclusions: The results obtained testify to a deep interrelation and coherence of the system energetic processes of metabolism in the human body, and the fact that the human body is an integral complex hierarchical system of information-energetic interactions, the scientific study, and understanding of which can lead to further advances in both fundamental pieces of knowledges and contribute to the optimization of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of non-infectious diseases. The results obtained confirm the validity of using the selected set of methods as promising methods for evaluating the human body's psychophysiological state for further practical implementation in practical health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A research model investigating trust in organization as a mediator of the impact of psychological capital (PsyCap) on intention to leave work early, intention to be late for work, absenteeism, and creative performance is proposed and tested. Data came from 159 hotel employees one week apart in three waves and their immediate supervisors in Russia. The aforementioned relationships were tested using structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that trust in organization is a full mediator between PsyCap and the aforesaid nonattendance intentions and absenteeism, while PsyCap positively affects creative performance directly and indirectly through trust in organization. Our study contributes to the extant hospitality research by investigating the underlying mechanism that links PsyCap to nonattendance intentions, absenteeism, and creative performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey recently demonstrated widespread discrimination across EU countries, with high discrimination rates observed in countries like Finland. Discrimination is known to negatively impact health, but fewer studies have examined how different types of perceived discrimination are related to health. Methods This study examines (i) the prevalence of different types of perceived discrimination among Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin populations in Finland, and (ii) the association between different types of perceived discrimination (no experiences; subtle discrimination only; overt or subtle and overt discrimination) and health (self-rated health; limiting long-term illness (LLTI) or disability; mental health symptoms). Data are from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (n = 1795). Subtle discrimination implies reporting being treated with less courtesy and/or treated with less respect than others, and overt discrimination being called names or insulted and/or threatened or harassed. The prevalence of discrimination and the associations between discrimination and health were calculated with predicted margins and logistic regression. Results Experiences of subtle discrimination were more common than overt discrimination in all the studied groups. Subtle discrimination was reported by 29% of Somali origin persons and 35% Russian and Kurdish origin persons. The prevalence of overt discrimination ranged between 22% and 24%. Experiences of discrimination increased the odds for poor self-reported health, LLTI and mental health symptoms, particularly among those reporting subtle discrimination only. Conclusions To promote the health of diverse populations, actions against racism and discrimination are highly needed, including initiatives that promote shared belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we performed a latent profile analysis of reading and related skills in a large (n = 733) sibpair sample of Russian readers at risk for reading difficulties. The analysis suggested the presence of seven latent profiles, of which two were characterized by relatively high performance on measures of spelling and reading comprehension and the remaining five included severely as well as moderately affected readers with deficits in the domains of phonological, orthographic, and morphological processing. The results suggest that the development and manifestation of reading difficulties in Russian is mappable on a complex pattern of interactions between different types and severities of processing deficits. The results point to the psychological reality of multiple different suboptimal patterns of deficits in reading and reading-related skills and support the multifactorial view of the disorder, with intriguing implications for future neurobiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the relationship between alcohol intake frequency and mortality among males and females in three Eastern European populations, and to estimate the additional mortality risk posed by a combination of frequent drinking, binge drinking and other hazardous drinking habits. Design: Retrospective cohort study; the cohort consisted of close relatives of survey participants. Setting: Middle‐sized settlements in Russia, Belarus and Hungary. Participants: A total of 124 150 subjects aged 35–69 years in 1998 and followed‐up until 2013. Measurements: Survey respondents provided information on their mothers, fathers, siblings and partners of female respondents. This information, including current vital status and dates of birth and death, was used to construct the cohort of relatives. Alcohol consumption indices, reported by survey participants, included drinking frequency, binge drinking and hazardous drinking [consuming non‐beverage and/or illicitly‐produced alcohol and/or heavy drinking over several days (zapoi in Russian)]. Findings: Drinking frequency was associated positively with mortality in all three countries and both genders. At each drinking frequency level, mortality risk increased among those who also engaged in binge and/or hazardous drinking. Regular male drinkers who were also binge drinkers and hazardous drinkers had the highest risk of death; their hazard ratios (HR), compared with non‐binge‐non‐hazardous occasional drinkers, were 2.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.27–2.88], 2.14 (95% CI = 1.84–2.48) and 2.11 (95% CI = 1.90–2.35) in Russia, Belarus and Hungary, respectively. In women, the corresponding HRs (using a lower frequency cut‐off) were 2.86 (95% CI = 1.99–4.12) in Russia, 3.44 (95% CI = 2.17–5.44) in Belarus and 3.01 (95% CI = 2.26–4.01) in Hungary. Conclusions: Drinking frequency is associated positively with mortality among men and women in Russia, Belarus and Hungary. The mortality risk is higher among frequent drinkers who exhibit binge and hazardous drinking patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus is on the assessment of the effects of early institutional care and compares three longitudinal studies from Romania, Greece and Hong Kong/China. The findings have been strikingly contrasting. The review asks if the risks are dependent on whether or not the institutional rearing is accompanied by gross pervasive deprivation (as it was in Romania) and investigates the methodological issues to explore the causal influence of the outcomes. Evidence is considered on changing institutional practices and the benefits of doing so. Comparison is made between institutions with major deprivation and those without global deprivation. A small number of studies are discussed that look at direct comparisons between institutional and community care. The empirical and conceptual implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eastern European countries have some of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, much of which cannot be adequately accounted for by conventional CVD risk factors. Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors may affect risk of CVD, but relatively few studies on this issue have been undertaken in Eastern Europe. We investigated whether various psychosocial factors are associated with CVD mortality independently from each other and whether they can help explain differences in CVD mortality between Eastern European populations.Methods: Participants were from the Health, Alcohol and Psychological factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) cohort study in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, including a total of 20,867 men and women aged 43-74 years and free of CVD at baseline examination during 2002-2005. Participants were followed-up for CVD mortality after linkage to national mortality registries for a median of 7.2 years.Results: During the follow-up, 556 participants died from CVD. After mutual adjustment, six psychosocial and socioeconomic factors were associated with increased risk of CVD death: unemployment, low material amenities, depression, being single, infrequent contacts with friends or relatives. The hazard ratios [HRs] for these six factors ranged between 1.26 [95% confidence interval 1.14-1.40] and 1.81 [95% confidence interval 1.24-2.64], fully adjusted for each other, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Population-attributable fractions ranged from 8% [4%-13%] to 22% [11%-31%] for each factor, when measured on average across the three cohorts. However, the prevalence of psychosocial and socioeconomic risk factors and their HRs were similar between the three countries. Altogether, these factors could not explain why participants from Russia had higher CVD mortality when compared to participants from Poland/Czech Republic. Limitations of this study include measurement error that could lead to residual confounding; and the possibilities for reverse causation and/or unmeasured confounding from observational studies to lead to associations that are not causal in nature.Conclusions: Six psychosocial and socioeconomic factors were associated with cardiovascular mortality, independent of each other. Differences in mortality between cohorts from Russia versus Poland or Check Republic remained unexplained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-Soviet space is underrepresented in international discussions on trans depathologization, and voices of trans people (as distinct from activists and experts) are rarely heard. The article seeks to fill this gap by introducing debates on depathologization among trans activists and nonactivist trans people of post-Soviet countries. In order to take into account opinions of various groups of trans people, a survey was conducted concerning the revision of the International Classification of Diseases and various trans-related policies. Classification models were developed to find relationships between demographic data and answers to the questions about depathologization and legal gender recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To describe the epidemiology of injuries at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games.Methods: A total of 547 athletes from 45 countries were monitored daily for 12 days during the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games (6564 athlete days). Daily injury data were obtained from teams with their own medical support (32 teams, 510 athletes) and teams without their own medical support (13 teams, 37 athletes) through electronic data capturing systems.Results: There were 174 total injuries reported, with an injury incidence rate (IR) of 26.5 per 1000 athlete days (95% CI 22.7% to 30.8%). There was a significantly higher IR recorded in alpine skiing/snowboarding (IR of 41.1 (95% CI 33.7% to 49.6%) p=0.0001) compared to cross-country skiing/biathlon, ice sledge hockey or wheelchair curling. Injuries in the shoulder region were the highest single-joint IR (IR of 6.4 (95% CI 4.6% to 8.6%)), although total upper and lower body IR were similar (IR 8.5 vs 8.4 (95% CI 6.4% to 11.1%)). Furthermore, the IR of acute injuries was significantly higher than other types of injury onset (IR of 17.8 (95% CI 14.7% to 21.4%)).Conclusions: In a Winter Paralympic Games setting, athletes report higher injury incidence than do Olympic athletes or athletes in a Summer Paralympic Games setting. The highest incidence of injury was reported in the alpine skiing/snowboarding sporting category. There was a similar incidence of injury in the upper and lower limbs. The joint with the greatest rate of injury reported was the shoulder joint. Our data can inform injury prevention programmes and policy considerations regarding athlete safety in future Winter Paralympic Games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]