124 results
Search Results
2. Telecollaboration and Virtual Exchange across Disciplines: In Service of Social Inclusion and Global Citizenship
- Author
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Research-publishing.net (France), Turula, Anna, Kurek, Malgorzata, Lewis, Tim, Turula, Anna, Kurek, Malgorzata, Lewis, Tim, and Research-publishing.net (France)
- Abstract
This collection of short papers is an outcome of the third conference on virtual exchange in higher education hosted by the Pedagogical University in Krakow in April 2018. Following the focus of the conference on virtual exchange in service of social inclusion and global citizenship, the papers collected in this volume offer first-hand insights into theoretical and practical considerations on the most recent stage of this rapidly developing form of learning. The publication will be of particular interest to academic educators, researchers, administrators, and mobility officers planning to implement virtual exchange in their unique academic contexts.
- Published
- 2019
3. Three Decades of Literacy Preservice Teachers' Engagement in Research: Operationalizing Critical Reflexivity to Explore Possibilities for Increasing Racial Literacy
- Author
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Lammert, Catherine
- Abstract
In this paper, the author analyzes 89 studies published from 1990 through 2020 that focused on literacy preservice teachers' involvement in action research as part of learning to teach. In doing so, the author provides an example of why critical reflexivity is necessary in qualitative literature review methods. The author relies on a social practice view of race and uses activity theory to answer the questions: How have researchers considered race as a factor in research on literacy preservice teacher education? How can preservice teachers' experience with research be (re)designed to help develop their racial literacy? Findings demonstrate that in the reviewed studies, 51% of researchers addressed preservice teachers' race, and 34% addressed K-12 students' race. Far fewer studies, however, acknowledged their own race or that of field supervisors and mentor teachers, which ultimately minimized their roles. Findings also emphasize four design principles for literacy teacher education programs that aim to include research: collaboration between K-12 partners and universities; selective teacher educator scaffolding; engagement with diverse communities; and extensive time spent as part of the pathway toward racial literacy. The implications and uses of an existing literature base that reflects shifting reporting standards related to race are also examined.
- Published
- 2022
4. Instructional Developments. A Journal of the School of Education at Syracuse University, 1990-1992.
- Author
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Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Education.
- Abstract
This document consists of all five issues of the journal "Instructional Developments" published during the period 1990-1992. This journal is intended for the communication of opinions, ideas, findings, and achievements in the improvement of instruction. The five issues presented in this packet contain the following articles: "Viewpoints on Instruction" (four brief papers by Tom Green, Saviour Chircop, Alex Romiszowski, Phil Doughty); "Is There a Scientific Basis for Effective Teaching" (John Centra); "The Diffusion and Implementation of Educational Technology in Developing Nations" (Don Ely); "Programmatic Research and Development at Syracuse University" (Charles Dills); "Computer Mediated Communication--An Overview" (five papers by Karen Jost, Tom Green, Barbara Florini, Barbara Grabowski, Alex Romiszowski); "Some Thoughts on Improving Instruction" (Rob Branch); "Course-Level Academic Processes as Indicators of the Quality of Undergraduate College Education" (John Braxton); "Structural Communication" (Wende Pusch, Elisa Slee); "Interpersonal Skills: Critical Attributes for Instructional Developers" (Ruth Curtis, Darlene Nestor); "Planning for Success: College Distance Education Programs" (Lynda Hanrahan); "Moving from Pedagogy to Andragogy" (Roger Hiemstra); "The Case-Study Methodology and Instructional Development" (Alex Romiszowski, Martin Mulder, Jules Pieters); "Background and Experiences of New Faculty" (Mardy Eimers); "Computer-Based Interactive Video: The Potential for Effective Instructional Environments" (Karen Jost); "Establishing an Instructional and Faculty Development Effort at SUNY-ESF" (Charles Spuches); "The Syracuse University Focus on Teaching Project" (Robert Diamond, Peter Gray, Alton Roberts); "What Is the Role of Educational Technology in Generating Change in Public School Education?" (Richard Kenny); "Establishing a Self-Instructional Development Facility at NAARM" (Aradhyula Gopalam, K. V. Raman); "Formative and Summative Evaluation Procedures for Interactive Video in the Nuclear Industry" (Barbara Grabowski, Elisa Slee); "Automated Job Aides for Instructional Design and Development" (Michael Olson); "Research as a Chain of Reasoning" (David R. Krathwohl); "Affective Objectives: A Discussion of Some Controversies" (Cheryl Ackerson); "The Writings of David Krathwohl" (Charles Dills); "Methods of Social Science and Educational Research" (Charles Dills, Vincent Tinto); "Review of David R. Krathwohl, 'How To Prepare a Research Proposal: Guidelines for Funding and Dissertations in the Social and Behavioral Sciences,' Third Edition" (Deborah Fournier, Nick Smith); "Research in Hypertext" (Lydia Doty). A section entitled "Job Aids," by Alex Romiszowski, which deals with problems, concepts, and issues raised in earlier articles, appears in each issue of the journal. (ALF)
- Published
- 1992
5. The Use of Photo Elicitation for Understanding the Complexity of Teaching: A Methodological Contribution
- Author
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Hidalgo Standen, Carolina
- Abstract
Educational research results on teachers and teaching are often criticized due to the lack of connection between knowledge production in academic settings and the reality of teachers' work. One of the main critiques of research is the lack of methodological options to address the complexity of teaching. In fact, research results have often been considered to be decontextualized and far removed from teachers' every day practices. Based on a study of teacher quality in La Araucanía, this paper is a methodological reflection on the use of Visual Research Methods, particularly photo elicitation, as a method to address the complexity of teaching. Hereby, I explore three contributions from using photo elicitation in research on teachers and teaching: First, the use of pictures provides rich descriptions of teachers' context of practice. Second, the use of pictures helps to understand better what teachers mean and interpret. Third, it allows researchers and participants to negotiate the interpretations of pictures, by contrasting participants' views viz-à-viz researchers' perceptions about the contexts where teachers develop their practice.
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- 2021
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6. Methods and Skills for Research on Foreign Educational Systems. A Report on the NASFA/EAIE 1994 Seminars (Coral Gables, Florida, June 3-5 [and] Cambridge, England, United Kingdom, November 22-23). PIER World Education Series.
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American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, Washington, DC., NAFSA - Association of International Educators, Washington, DC., and Aldrich-Langen, Caroline
- Abstract
The report presents results of two seminars, held in Miami (Florida) and Cambridge (England), in which representatives of two groups, The European Association for International Education and the National Association for Foreign Student Affairs: Association of International Educators, met for intensive discussion of the methods for and design of research on foreign educational systems. This inquiry emerged from the need to improve credential evaluation for admission, placement, and transfer of students across systems. The first seminar focused on content needed in a monograph describing a country's educational system, and resulted in a generic model outline or table of contents, which was tested and refined using the examples of Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. The second seminar group tested the model outline further against Ghana and South Africa, and continued to discuss and develop a generic model for planning and executing a research project, from problem identification to production of the monograph. The model outline and recommended research strategies are presented here, with notes on adaptations for projects in the five countries noted. Appended materials include a worksheet for gathering information, background papers on research methods, designs, and strategies, participant reports and observations, and a list of seminar participants. (MSE)
- Published
- 1995
7. The development of an advanced diploma program for palliative care leaders in Chile.
- Author
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Stoltenberg, Mark, Leiva-Vásquez, Ofelia, Pérez-Cruz, Pedro E., and Daubman, Bethany-Rose
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CULTURE ,RESEARCH methodology ,CURRICULUM ,WORLD health ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,SPECIAL degree programs ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,CURRICULUM planning ,STATISTICAL sampling ,PALLIATIVE treatment - Abstract
Context: The majority of people with serious health-related suffering in low- and middle-income countries lack access to palliative care (PC). Increased access to PC education is greatly needed. Objectives: This paper describes the process to adapt an advanced PC training course for a Chilean context. Methods: A joint team of intercultural PC educators from the US and Chile conducted a series of key informant interviews and a target audience survey to iteratively design a PC training course in Chile. Results: Eight key informant interviews identified a strong need for formal PC education pathways, confirmed the five central learning domains, and helped to identify potential course sub-topics. A target audience survey of 59 PC providers from across Chile confirmed a strong desire to participate in such a course. Conclusion: Our team of intercultural PC educators adapted an advanced PC course to the unique context of Chilean providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Income and beyond: Multidimensional Poverty in Six Latin American Countries
- Author
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Battiston, Diego, Cruces, Guillermo, Lopez-Calva, Luis Felipe, Lugo, Maria Ana, and Santos, Maria Emma
- Abstract
This paper studies multidimensional poverty for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico and Uruguay for the period 1992-2006. The approach overcomes the limitations of the two traditional methods of poverty analysis in Latin America (income-based and unmet basic needs) by combining income with five other dimensions: school attendance for children, education of the household head, sanitation, water and shelter. The results allow a fuller understanding of the evolution of poverty in the selected countries. Over the study period, El Salvador, Brazil, Mexico and Chile experienced significant reductions in multidimensional poverty. In contrast, in urban Uruguay there was a small reduction in multidimensional poverty, while in urban Argentina the estimates did not change significantly. El Salvador, Brazil and Mexico, and rural areas of Chile display significantly higher and more simultaneous deprivations than urban areas of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. In all countries, deprivation in access to proper sanitation and education of the household head are the highest contributors to overall multidimensional poverty.
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- 2013
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9. Evaluating Entrepreneurship Education Programmes in Developing Countries: Lessons from Experience
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Braun, Gerald
- Abstract
Although a great deal of time, resources and effort goes into the education of potential or existing entrepreneurs, our knowledge of the effects of this education is still rather limited. It can be argued that an imbalance exists between the substantial amount of finance and manpower invested in entrepreneurship education programmes and the very limited amount of resources invested in the evaluation of these programmes (that is, in analyses of their impact). Based on intercultural research and the personal experiences of the author in the evaluation of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEPs) in developing countries, this paper analyses competing approaches of entrepreneurship education; develops a methodological framework for evaluating these approaches; discusses the main findings of EEP evaluation studies carried out in Brazil, Chile, Kenya, the Philippines and Vietnam; presents "lessons learned" with respect to theoretical and methodological foundations of EEP evaluations and practical problems concerning their implementation; and draws general conclusions for future research and practice. The intercultural evaluations are based on a "most different systems" approach, applying a mix of quantitative (questionnaires with open and closed questions) and qualitative (in-depth interviews, on-site-visits, focus-group discussions) tools of social research. (Contains 1 note, 5 tables, and 3 figures.)
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- 2012
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10. Creating Knowledge: A Monopoly? Participatory Research in Development. Participatory Research Network Series No. 1.
- Author
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Society for Participatory Research in Asia, New Delhi (India)., Hall, Budd, Hall, Budd, and Society for Participatory Research in Asia, New Delhi (India).
- Abstract
This book, consisting of 13 papers, deals with the theory, practice, and reactions to participatory research in the area of social research for development. Included in the volume are the following papers: "Breaking the Monopoly of Knowledge: Research Methods, Participation, and Development," by Budd Hall; "Creating Alternative Research Methods: Learning to Do It by Doing it," by Paulo Freire; "The Militant Observer: A Sociological Alternative," by Rosisca Darcy and Miguel Darcy de Oliveira; "Persons, Not Respondents: Alternative Approaches in the Study of Social Processes," by Michael Pilsworth and Ralph Ruddock; "A Critique of Monopolistic Research," by Rajesh Tandon; "Participatory Research or Pretense? Reflections on the Research Phase of an Indonesian Experiment in Non-Formal Education," by Nat J. Colletta; "The Ambiguities of Peasant Participation: Problems of Participatory Research in a Non-conventional Education Project in Senegal," by Oliver LeBrun; "Research as Education for Development: A Tanzanian Case," by Marja-Liisa Swantz; "Research in the New Communities Project: An Urban Housing Estate in England," by Paul Fordham, Geoff Poulton, and Lawrence Randle; "Peasant Participation, Adult Education, and Agrarian Reform in Chile," by Francisco Vio Grossi; "One Step Forward: A Community Project in Northern Canada," by James A. Draper; "Agricultural Farm Workers' Union in India," by Kalpana Tandon and Kawaljit Singh; and "Ambiguities in Participatory Research," by L. Dave Brown. (MN)
- Published
- 1982
11. Integration of Healthcare Clowns into Pediatric Palliative Care: A Bridge Between Life and Death.
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MAC FARLANE, VICTORIA VALDEBENITO
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OCCUPATIONAL roles ,ROLE playing ,TEAMS in the workplace ,LAUGHTER ,WIT & humor ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUNDED theory ,PEDIATRICS ,INTERVIEWING ,FAMILIES ,LIFE ,FAMILY attitudes ,QUALITATIVE research ,PUBLIC hospitals ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,HEALTH care teams ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,EMOTIONS ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,ATTITUDES toward death - Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this paper was to describe the vision of death from the perspective of families of children who experienced palliative care, and team members working in one unit, and to explore the roles of healthcare clowns in working with life and death. The major research of which this paper is part was a requirement of one healthcare clown organization, that since 2008 works as members of the palliative care unit in a public hospital in Chile. Description: Using a qualitative methodology, and an emergent and descriptive design, 26 people, including mothers and team members of one palliative care unit, participated in in-depth interviews and discussion groups separately. Data analysis was performed using grounded theory and critical discourse analysis techniques. Results: The roles played by healthcare clowns in palliative care were accompanying, mediating between team members and families, facilitating to process death, provision of humane care using socioemotional competences, promotion of social relationships, and being complementary therapy. Conclusion: The six roles of healthcare clowns identified by this research have implications for public policies and actions in palliative care. There is also a need to expand this type of work to other public health services in Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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12. Must Invisible Colleges Be Invisible? An Approach to Examining Large Communities of Network Users.
- Author
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Ruth, Stephen R. and Gouet, Raul
- Abstract
Discussion of characteristics of users of computer-mediated communication systems and scientific networks focuses on a study of the scientific community in Chile. Topics addressed include users and nonusers; productivity; educational level; academic specialty; age; gender; international connectivity; public policy issues; and future research directions. (41 references) (LRW)
- Published
- 1993
13. Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin American Countries: First Steps of a Long Road Ahead.
- Author
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Marin, Gustavo H., Giangreco, Lucia, Dorati, Cristian, Mordujovich, Perla, Boni, Silvia, Mantilla-Ponte, Hilda, Alfonso Arvez, Ma. José, López Peña, Mónica, Aldunate González, Ma. Francisca, Ching Fung, Shing Mi, Barcelona, Laura, Campaña, Laura, Vaquero Orellana, Alejandra, Orjuela Rodríguez, Tatiana, Ginés Cantero, Larissa, Villar, Rosa A., Sandoval Fuentes, Nicole, Melero, Emiliano, Marin-Piva, Hugo, and Soler, Gisela
- Subjects
RESEARCH methodology ,ANTI-infective agents - Abstract
Background: Irrational antimicrobial consumption (AMC) became one of the main global health problems in recent decades. Objective: In order to understand AMC in Latin-American Region, we performed the present research in 6 countries. Methods: Antimicrobial consumption (J01, A07A, P01AB groups) was registered in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Peru. Source of information, AMC type, DDD (Defined Daily Doses), DID (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), population were variables explored. Data was analyzed using the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) tool. Results: Source of information included data from global, public, and private sectors. Total AMC was highly variable (range 1.91-36.26 DID). Penicillin was the most consumed group in all countries except in Paraguay, while macrolides and lincosamides were ranked second. In terms of type of AMC according to the WHO-AWaRe classification, it was found that for certain groups like "Reserve," there are similarities among all countries. Conclusion and Relevance: This paper shows the progress that 6 Latin-American countries made toward AMC surveillance. The study provides a standardized approach for building a national surveillance system for AMC data analysis. These steps will contribute to the inclusion of Latin-America among the regions of the world that have periodic, regular, and quality data of AMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Protocolo de atención a usuarios/as/es trans del Servicio de Salud Talcahuano: características y relevancia.
- Author
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Valenzuela-Valenzuela, Amanda and Cartes-Velásquez, Ricardo
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FOCUS groups ,SEXISM ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUNDED theory ,MEDICAL care ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL protocols ,NATIONAL health services ,HUMAN services programs ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,QUALITATIVE research ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,PATIENT-professional relations ,TRANSGENDER people - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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15. Physical barriers and risks in basic activities of daily living performance evaluation in state housing for older people in Chile.
- Author
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Pizzi, Marcela, Chalmers, John, Bunout, Daniel, Osorio, Paulina, Fernández, Viviana, Cusato, Macarena, Avendaño, Valentina, and Rivera, Karen
- Subjects
ACTIVITIES of daily living ,AGING ,ANALYSIS of variance ,STATISTICAL correlation ,ERGONOMICS ,RESEARCH methodology ,METROPOLITAN areas ,PUBLIC housing ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,ACCESSIBLE design ,DATA analysis ,EMPIRICAL research ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HUMAN services programs ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Purpose – This paper aims to describe an evaluation instrument designed to detect physical barriers and risks in basic activities of daily living (BADLs) performance by senior citizens and presents findings obtained in a representative sample of older persons living in housing programs provided by the State of Chile. Its aim is to develop an objective instrument which can serve as reference point for housing adaptations and improvement or for the use in new designs, appropriate to the changing functional capacities of this age group. Design/methodology/approach – The research is broadly framed in an ecological perspective. It draws on an empirical study, observing older people's BADLs performance in selected State provided housing in the Santiago area. The approach includes some quantitative but mainly qualitative aspects from a descriptive, explanatory and cross sectional perspective. Objective observation of functional BADLs performance, as well as subjective users' perspectives, is compared. Findings – State housing design is significant in BADLs performance, limiting functionality in one third of associated operations observed. These mainly concerned demanding reaching requirements associated with height, but also extended to other inadequacies in design or lack of elements in different situations, which act as barriers or bring potential risks. Research limitations/implications – Heterogeneity in the functional conditions of older people regardless of age and gender, as well as different housing types makes it difficult to develop standardized recommendations, requiring a tailored approach in the case of adaptations, thus limiting coverage. Further research should be carried out after performing corrective adaptations to evaluate the impact of these interventions. Practical implications – The paper prompts a reassessment, by State housing providers, of the architectural design of housing types for older people as well as the adaptation of existing units to extend independence in time rather than undermine it. Social implications – The study of the effects of architectural design of housing on older people's independence when performing BADLs is underdeveloped and should be increased in order to promote a better quality of life for this age group through a more friendly and inclusive environment. Originality/value – This research attempts to generate an objective instrument, useful to provide evidence for architects, designers and policy makers and suitable to be applied in other housing contexts in order to improve the habitat and older people's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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16. Patient Safety Culture from a Nursing Perspective in a Chilean Hospital.
- Author
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Hurtado-Arenas, Paulina, Guevara, Miguel R., and González-Chordá, Víctor M.
- Subjects
PUBLIC hospitals ,CORPORATE culture ,CROSS-sectional method ,PATIENT safety ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,HOSPITAL nursing staff ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SEX distribution ,NURSING ,QUANTITATIVE research ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MANN Whitney U Test ,WORK experience (Employment) ,WORKING hours ,NURSES' attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,ADVERSE health care events ,DATA analysis software ,NONPARAMETRIC statistics ,REGRESSION analysis ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,HOSPITAL wards ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Patient safety culture is relevant both in the delivery of care and in the training of nursing staff, its purpose being to prevent and reduce risks associated with health care. This research aims to evaluate patient safety culture from the perspective of the nursing teams in a highly complex public hospital in the city of Valparaíso, Chile. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach applying descriptive, bivariate, and inferential statistical analysis was conducted on 259 nurses and nursing assistants from 13 adult medical–surgical units of the Carlos Van Buren hospital. The participants were obtained through a non-probabilistic convenience sample, answering the hospital survey on Patient Safety Culture version 2.0 (HSOPS 2.0), adapted to the Chilean population. The best-evaluated dimension was communication and receptivity; the worst was the support administrators provide for patient safety. This study identified the weaknesses and strengths of the hospital, the most worrying weakness being the shortage of human capital, material, and financial resources necessary to improve patient safety. This study was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. The role of feedback in training psychiatrists.
- Author
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Rubí González, Patricia S., De la Barra Vivallos, Luis, Schaefer, Hardy, and Vergara-Barra, Pablo
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ACADEMIC achievement ,COLLEGE graduates ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,GROUNDED theory ,HOSPITAL medical staff ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTERVIEWING ,MATHEMATICAL models ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,RESEARCH methodology ,PSYCHIATRY ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICAL sampling ,TEACHER-student relationships ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,QUALITATIVE research ,THEORY ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
Purpose: Feedback is a tool that informs students about their learning process and facilitates necessary changes. It looks for the students' own perceptions of their performance and how to improve it, developing permanent learning skills vital for autonomous practice. It is useful for improving one's performance, clinical skills, communication and treatment of patients. If carried out improperly, it causes a lack of motivation and a collapse in the teacher–student relationship. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the perceptions and experiences of the residents and graduates of the psychiatry specialty at the Universidad of Concepción with respect to the feedback received on their performance during their training. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a qualitative approach of an exploratory, descriptive and interpretative nature that was also based on Grounded Theory. Ten in-depth voluntary interviews were conducted with residents-in-training and graduates from within the last two years of the Adult Psychiatry specialty at the Universidad of Concepción. Subsequently, the data were codified to create a theoretical model. Findings: The interpersonal teacher–resident relationship, when based on collaboration and an openness to dialogue, is fundamental in producing effective feedback. Research limitations/implications: The limitations of this study were based mainly on the qualitative methodology used, so it is not possible to generalize the results. Although the above limitation, this study seems to reaffirm the importance of feedback for residents in training, so it would be advisable to reproduce it in various training contexts and extend it to the perception of the teachers involved. On the other hand, to follow this research line, it is essential to create instruments that facilitate the use of quantitative research methodology, which allows the generalization and comparison of results in different areas. Social implications: This research opens a first line of research regarding subjective experience when receiving feedback, which will allow the creation of instruments to objectify how it is being developed in different educational contexts and to propose strategies to standardize its realization. Originality/value: There are no other studies of this type published. The originality of this research was that beyond the mention made about the known characteristics that a feedback must have to be effective, the participants gave special emphasis to the fact that it is a social relationship, which should be based on a horizontal interaction between two actors, in addition to promoting dialogue and mutual involvement in the task that brings them together. Thus it is an effective teaching strategy, fulfilling the objective of motivating the learning and autonomy of the resident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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18. Regular practice of Kung Fu and Taekwondo improve Chilean adults' health and quality of life during the COVID-19.
- Author
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Hsu, Chuan Chih, Su, Chia Shih, and Su, Chia Li
- Subjects
OXYGEN saturation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,LIFESTYLES ,HEALTH status indicators ,MENTAL health ,EXERCISE ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,BODY mass index ,ADIPOSE tissues ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,INTERVIEWING ,WAIST circumference ,QUALITY of life ,AGING ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,RESEARCH methodology ,MARTIAL arts ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,BLOOD pressure ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SELF-perception ,WELL-being ,OLD age - Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of regular Kung Fu and Taekwondo practice on the health and quality of life among elderly individuals in the Maule region, Chile. Design/methodology/approach: The authors designed a 12-week Kung Fu and Taekwondo workshop with activities suitable for their age. Through semistructured interviews (at the beginning and the end of the workshop), along with periodic monitoring of vital signs and cardiovascular components, the authors observed an improvement in participants' physical (strength, speed of reaction and flexibility) and psychological conditions (self-esteem and resilience), quality of life (relationships with family and friends and ability to deal with stressful events in working life) and health (waist circumference, percentage of oxygen saturation in blood, blood pressure, among other values). Findings: From these results, the authors affirm that this workshop improves health and physical condition and helps the participants develop the coping capacity to deal with stressful situations and complicated interpersonal relationships. In this sense, the authors conclude that Kung Fu and Taekwondo as regular sports activities can benefit senior citizens' aging process. Originality/value: This research is based on an original study project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Association between Quality of Life, Confinement, and Sex in Adults: A Multigroup Structural Equation Analysis.
- Author
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Zurita-Ortega, Félix, Galeano-Rojas, Dilan, Tenelanda-López, Dennys, Cresp-Barria, Mauricio, Farias-Valenzuela, Claudio, and Valdivia-Moral, Pedro
- Subjects
CROSS-sectional method ,LIFESTYLES ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,INTROSPECTION ,DATA analysis ,SEX distribution ,STATISTICAL sampling ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STAY-at-home orders ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,QUALITY of life ,RESEARCH methodology ,STATISTICS ,SLEEP ,PERSONALITY ,HEALTH behavior ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DATA analysis software ,ALCOHOL drinking ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PHYSICAL activity ,WELL-being ,NUTRITION ,ADULTS - Abstract
The state of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the general population. This study aims to define and contrast an explanatory model of the quality of life in adults and to analyze the relationships between these variables based on the state of confinement and sex. A total of 872 people from Chile aged between 17 and 50 (M = 21.70 years; SD= 3.272), of both sexes (60.90% male and 39.1% female) participated in this research, of whom 46.6% were not confined when tested and 53.4% were confined, analyzing the quality of life. A model of multi-group structural equations was performed, which adjusted very well (χ
2 = 559.577; DF = 38; p < 0.001; IFC = 0.934; NFI = 0.916; IFI = 0.934; RMSEA = 0.061). The results show a positive and direct relationship among all the variables studied and the structural equation model proposed according to confinement and sex reveals a good fit in all the evaluation indexes. Stress and sleep, personality, and introspection were the indicators with the greatest influence in the four models, followed by the family and friends indicator with a medium correlation strength, such as the health monitoring dimension, although this was not as influential in confined individuals. The main conclusions are that the best adjustments are obtained in confined adults and females, and the data show that the psychological indicators obtained (stress and sleep, personality, and introspection) have the greatest influence on adults in the four models proposed with regard to their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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20. Female migration in Chile: types of moves and socioeconomic characteristics.
- Author
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Herold, Joan M. and Herold, J M
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SOCIAL conditions of women ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,HUMAN migration patterns ,OCCUPATIONS ,DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,AGE distribution ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEMOGRAPHY ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,NOMADS ,RESEARCH ,WOMEN ,CITY dwellers ,EVALUATION research ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
This paper examines inter-provincial female migration in Chile for the 1965--1970 period, with a view to describing socioeconomic characteristics of migrant women and to determining differences and similarities in age, educational level, occupation, and type of move (first, return, or repeat) between movers to the capital and to other urban areas. Data are from a five percent sample of the 1970 Chilean census. Findings reveal that non-return migrants to other urban areas are differentiated from those to Santiago by an older age structure, higher educational levels, higher status occupations, and are more likely to be making a second (or higher-order) move. Moreover, educational measures suggest that recent female migration to urban Chile is more prevalent among the upper than the lower strata of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
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21. What treatment outcomes matter in adolescent depression? A Q-study of priority profiles among mental health practitioners in the UK and Chile.
- Author
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Krause, Karolin Rose, Calderón, Ana, Pino, Victor Gomez, Edbrooke-Childs, Julian, Moltrecht, Bettina, and Wolpert, Miranda
- Subjects
WELL-being ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,INDIVIDUAL development ,PSYCHOTHERAPISTS ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-management (Psychology) ,FAMILY support ,PATIENT-centered care ,INTERVIEWING ,FAMILIES ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,ETHNOLOGY research ,DEPRESSION in adolescence ,NURSES ,TEENAGERS' conduct of life ,RESEARCH funding ,FACTOR analysis ,MENTAL depression ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BIOMECHANICS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,EVIDENCE-based nursing ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Evidence-based and person-centred care requires the measurement of treatment outcomes that matter to youth and mental health practitioners. Priorities, however, may vary not just between but also within stakeholder groups. This study used Q-methodology to explore differences in outcome priorities among mental health practitioners from two countries in relation to youth depression. Practitioners from the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 27) and Chile (n = 15) sorted 35 outcome descriptions by importance and completed brief semi-structured interviews about their sorting rationale. By-person principal component analysis (PCA) served to identify distinct priority profiles within each country sample; second-order PCA examined whether these profiles could be further reduced into cross-cultural "super profiles". We identified three UK outcome priority profiles (Reduced symptoms and enhanced well-being; improved individual coping and self-management; improved family coping and support), and two Chilean profiles (Strengthened identity and enhanced insight; symptom reduction and self-management). These could be further reduced into two cross-cultural super profiles: one prioritized outcomes related to reduced depressive symptoms and enhanced well-being; the other prioritized outcomes related to improved resilience resources within youth and families. A practitioner focus on symptom reduction aligns with a long-standing focus on symptomatic change in youth depression treatment studies, and with recent measurement recommendations. Less data and guidance are available to those practitioners who prioritize resilience outcomes. To raise the chances that such practitioners will engage in evidence-based practice and measurement-based care, measurement guidance for a broader set of outcomes may be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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22. Informal Employment Under the Skin: Informality and Health Inequalities Among Chilean Workers.
- Author
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Ruiz, Marisol E., Bolibar, Mireia, and Sánchez-Mira, Núria
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WORK environment ,RESEARCH ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,RESEARCH methodology ,BLUE collar workers ,INTERVIEWING ,UNCERTAINTY ,MENTAL health ,QUALITATIVE research ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,EMPLOYMENT ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,HEALTH equity ,DATA analysis software ,THEMATIC analysis ,LABOR market ,GENDER inequality ,CHILEANS - Abstract
Informal employment has been identified as an important social determinant of health. This article addresses the processes through which informal employment affects workers' health in Chile. The study's methodological approach was based on qualitative interviews with 34 formal and informal workers. The findings show how workers perceive informal employment as negatively affecting their mental and physical health through different dimensions of their living and working conditions. Incorporating a gender perspective proves to be integral to the analysis of these processes. The article concludes by discussing how neoliberalism underlies such vulnerability processes and negatively impacts on the population's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. BENDI: Improving Cognitive Assessments in Toddlers and Children with Down Syndrome Using Stealth Assessment.
- Author
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Tenorio, Marcela, Arango, Paulina S., and Aparicio, Andrés
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COGNITION disorders ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,DOWN syndrome ,COMPUTER assisted instruction ,DIGITAL technology ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,LEARNING strategies ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,VIDEO games ,STATISTICAL correlation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,PREDICTIVE validity ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Cognitive assessment is a fundamental step in diagnosing intellectual and developmental disabilities, designing interventions, and evaluating their impact. However, developed and developing countries have different access to tools designed for these purposes. Our goal was to develop a battery for cognitive assessment mediated by digital technology that allows the exploration of cognitive domains (inhibitory control, attention, motor ability, and context memory) in children with Down Syndrome (DS) in Chile. Four tasks, based on established experimental paradigms modified to provide a game-like experience, were tested in 68 children with DS from 20 months to 12 years of age. We present evidence of reliability based on internal consistency and split-half analyses, with results ranging from adequate to excellent. Regarding validity, factorial and correlational analyses show evidence consistent with what was theoretically expected of internal structure, convergence, and divergence with other measures. Expected age trajectories were observed as well. Our data offer evidence that supports the use of tasks based on touch-screen devices for cognitive assessment in the population with DS. The tasks also have a low cultural load, so they could be validated and used in other contexts without the need for an adaptation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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24. Work and Family Balance in Chilean Young People's Life Plans.
- Author
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Gómez-Urrutia, Verónica, Figueroa, Andrés Jiménez, Díaz, Nicole, and Valladares, Fernanda
- Subjects
RESEARCH methodology ,WORK-life balance ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,DECISION making ,EMPLOYMENT ,RESEARCH funding ,FAMILY relations ,THEMATIC analysis ,CHILEANS - Abstract
The distribution of paid work and family responsibilities along gender lines is an important source of gender inequality, even in younger generations. Young people declare to embrace egalitarian work-family conciliation ideals, but, in practice, women still assume the bulk of domestic and carework. This study advances work-family research by shedding light on the institutional and contextual factors that influence young people's decisions in this domain. Method: The study uses a qualitative approach; 75 individuals aged 18–30 were interviewed using semi-structured and structured (vignettes) open-ended questions. Theoretical sampling was used, using sex and educational level as the main criteria. Thematic coding was used to analyze the material. Results: Young people favor egalitarian work-family arrangements as ideals; however, the constraints imposed by institutional contexts and unequal employment opportunities make individuals more likely to prefer traditional arrangements when faced with decisions about how they expect to make employment and caring responsibilities compatible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Variations in common diseases, hospital admissions, and deaths in middle-aged adults in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study.
- Author
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Dagenais, Gilles R, Leong, Darryl P, Rangarajan, Sumathy, Lanas, Fernando, Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio, Gupta, Rajeev, Diaz, Rafael, Avezum, Alvaro, Oliveira, Gustavo B F, Wielgosz, Andreas, Parambath, Shameena R, Mony, Prem, Alhabib, Khalid F, Temizhan, Ahmet, Ismail, Noorhassim, Chifamba, Jephat, Yeates, Karen, Khatib, Rasha, Rahman, Omar, and Zatonska, Katarzyna
- Subjects
- *
MIDDLE-aged persons , *HOSPITAL admission & discharge , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors , *OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases , *COHORT analysis , *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases , *CAUSES of death , *RESEARCH , *MORTALITY , *RESEARCH methodology , *WORLD health , *EVALUATION research , *MEDICAL cooperation , *COMPARATIVE studies , *TUMORS , *LONGITUDINAL method ,CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality - Abstract
Background: To our knowledge, no previous study has prospectively documented the incidence of common diseases and related mortality in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) with standardised approaches. Such information is key to developing global and context-specific health strategies. In our analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, we aimed to evaluate differences in the incidence of common diseases, related hospital admissions, and related mortality in a large contemporary cohort of adults from 21 HICs, MICs, and LICs across five continents by use of standardised approaches.Methods: The PURE study is a prospective, population-based cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years who have been enrolled from 21 countries across five continents. The key outcomes were the incidence of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular diseases, cancers, injuries, respiratory diseases, and hospital admissions, and we calculated the age-standardised and sex-standardised incidence of these events per 1000 person-years.Findings: This analysis assesses the incidence of events in 162 534 participants who were enrolled in the first two phases of the PURE core study, between Jan 6, 2005, and Dec 4, 2016, and who were assessed for a median of 9·5 years (IQR 8·5-10·9). During follow-up, 11 307 (7·0%) participants died, 9329 (5·7%) participants had cardiovascular disease, 5151 (3·2%) participants had a cancer, 4386 (2·7%) participants had injuries requiring hospital admission, 2911 (1·8%) participants had pneumonia, and 1830 (1·1%) participants had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cardiovascular disease occurred more often in LICs (7·1 cases per 1000 person-years) and in MICs (6·8 cases per 1000 person-years) than in HICs (4·3 cases per 1000 person-years). However, incident cancers, injuries, COPD, and pneumonia were most common in HICs and least common in LICs. Overall mortality rates in LICs (13·3 deaths per 1000 person-years) were double those in MICs (6·9 deaths per 1000 person-years) and four times higher than in HICs (3·4 deaths per 1000 person-years). This pattern of the highest mortality in LICs and the lowest in HICs was observed for all causes of death except cancer, where mortality was similar across country income levels. Cardiovascular disease was the most common cause of deaths overall (40%) but accounted for only 23% of deaths in HICs (vs 41% in MICs and 43% in LICs), despite more cardiovascular disease risk factors (as judged by INTERHEART risk scores) in HICs and the fewest such risk factors in LICs. The ratio of deaths from cardiovascular disease to those from cancer was 0·4 in HICs, 1·3 in MICs, and 3·0 in LICs, and four upper-MICs (Argentina, Chile, Turkey, and Poland) showed ratios similar to the HICs. Rates of first hospital admission and cardiovascular disease medication use were lowest in LICs and highest in HICs.Interpretation: Among adults aged 35-70 years, cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality globally. However, in HICs and some upper-MICs, deaths from cancer are now more common than those from cardiovascular disease, indicating a transition in the predominant causes of deaths in middle-age. As cardiovascular disease decreases in many countries, mortality from cancer will probably become the leading cause of death. The high mortality in poorer countries is not related to risk factors, but it might be related to poorer access to health care.Funding: Full funding sources are listed at the end of the paper (see Acknowledgments). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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26. Decolonial Feminism and Practices of Resistance to Sustain Life: Experiences of Women Social Workers Implementing Mental Health Programmes in Chile.
- Author
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Muñoz-Arce, Gianinna and Duboy-Luengo, Mitzi
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,HEALTH policy ,SOCIAL support ,FEMINISM ,SOCIAL workers ,RESEARCH methodology ,MENTAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,HUMAN services programs ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL worker attitudes ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis ,PATIENT compliance ,WOMEN employees ,PSYCHIATRIC treatment - Abstract
Feminisms have had a significant impact on social work discussions in Latin America in recent decades. However, the gap between academic discussions and professional practice remains wide. Based on a qualitative study that included 69 semi-structured interviews with social workers in Chile, in this article, we focus the analysis on the experiences of women social workers implementing mental health programmes. These are women – professionals facing extremely precarious working conditions – who work with other women who, while below the poverty line, are users of state health policy. The findings suggest that in these highly precarious spaces, the division between professional and the user is blurred, producing what feminist philosopher María Lugones calls 'liminal space'. Professionals and users establish alliances and practices of resistance from that liminal space to challenge the oppressions they experience. Drawing upon a decolonial feminist perspective, we identify challenges for social work such as problematising professional bonds, incorporating structural readings of precariousness and feminised resistance, and repositioning the value of frontline social workers' and users' knowledge. We can learn from these women's experiences that question the deepest foundations of colonial and patriarchal capitalism still present in training and professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Uncovering the Work–Family Interface: The Impact of Facilitators and Stressors on the Health of Farm Women.
- Author
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Mora-Guerrero, Gloria, Herrera-González, Fernanda, Constanzo-Belmar, Jorge, Alveal-Álamos, Carolina, and Viscardi, Sharon
- Subjects
PAIN ,PSYCHOLOGY of agricultural laborers ,GROUNDED theory ,RESEARCH methodology ,WORK-life balance ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,SEX distribution ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,FAMILY relations ,STATISTICAL sampling ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Work–family interface (WFI) theory has identified many stressors that influence work–family dynamics from the standpoint of employees. However, work–family facilitators, as well as the effects of gender differences and the impact of sociocultural environments that differ from a formal employment situation, have received much less attention. Our research aimed to fill these theoretical gaps by analyzing the facilitators and stressors involved in work–family dynamics and determining their consequences for farm women's physical, psychological, and social health. We used a qualitative method with a grounded theory design to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 46 farm women from the region of Araucanía in Chile. Our results explain how facilitators, stressors, and outcomes take place in a process of work–family balance that, paradoxically, implies exhausting journeys, a gender-based overload, a risk of diffuse body pain and distress, and a lack of time for personal healthcare and productive autonomy. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach involving improved healthcare infrastructure and services focused on changing the pressures that the farming WFI exerts on rural women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Healthcare Students' and Educators' Views on the Integration of Gender-Based Violence Education into the Curriculum: a Qualitative Inquiry in Three Countries.
- Author
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Sammut, Dana, Ferrer, Lilian, Gorham, Emily, Hegarty, Kelsey, Kuruppu, Jacqueline, Salvo, Francisca Lopez, and Bradbury-Jones, Caroline
- Subjects
GENDER-based violence ,CULTURE ,GENDER role ,COLLEGE teachers ,RESEARCH methodology ,VIOLENCE ,COLLEGE teacher attitudes ,INTERVIEWING ,GENDER ,QUALITATIVE research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,CURRICULUM planning ,STUDENT attitudes ,THEMATIC analysis ,MEDICAL education - Abstract
Purpose: Health and social care professionals are ideally placed to identify and address gender-based violence (GBV), yet research continues to demonstrate that the subject is being poorly covered at undergraduate level. This qualitative study explored health and social care students' and educators' views on GBV education, with a view to identifying 'best practice'. We aimed to capture students' and educators' experiences and perceptions of GBV education across participating countries; how participants thought GBV should be taught/learned within their curricula; and their views on how GBV education might be 'optimized'. Methods: We conducted nine focus group discussions and one semi-structured interview with 23 students and 21 academic staff across the UK, Australia and Chile. Results: Thematic analysis yielded three themes: (1) GBV addressed in all but name, (2) Introduce sooner, explore later and (3) A qualitative approach to learning. Educators and students indicated that GBV is largely being overlooked or incompletely addressed within curricula. Many participants expressed a wish for the subject to be introduced early and revisited throughout their study, with content evolving as cohorts mature. Lastly, our findings indicate that GBV education could benefit from adopting a 'qualitative' approach, prioritizing survivor narratives and incorporating dialogue to facilitate student engagement. Conclusion: Though time constraints and competing demands within undergraduate curricula are frequently cited as barriers to moving away from traditional didactic methods, our findings suggest that teacher-centered strategies are insufficient and, in some regards, inappropriate for GBV education. The need for a paradigm shift in GBV education is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale in Chilean College Students.
- Author
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Cortina, Abdul Hernández, Scanlan, Judith, Paneque, Rosa Jimenez, and Vasquez Osses, Maria Angelica
- Subjects
COLLEGE students ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,HUMAN sexuality ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,SELF-efficacy ,SURVEYS ,FACTOR analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SEX customs ,RESEARCH funding ,CONDOMS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,CONTENT analysis ,DATA analysis software ,CHILEANS ,EVALUATION ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Limited culturally relevant condom self-efficacy measures have been adapted for use with Chilean college students. This study aims to culturally adapt and measure the psychometric properties of the Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale (CUSES) by use in college students in Chile. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in six stages: (a) authorization from original authors, (b) translation, (c) back translation, (d) analysis of equivalences, (e) content analysis, and (f) exploratory factor analysis and reliability assessment. Results: Of the 460 college students who completed the Chilean CUSES (Ch-CUSES), 73.9% were women and 99% were single with a mean age of 20.5. Total scale Cronbach's alpha was 0.845, and factor analysis demonstrated six dimensions with 59.1% of the total variance. The factor loading scores of 21 items ranged between 0.515 and 0.921. Conclusions: Ch-CUSES shows good psychometric properties for assessing self-efficacy for condom use in Chilean college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Women's Memories of the Day of the Chilean Coup in the City of Valparaíso.
- Author
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Faúndez Abarca, Ximena, Bravo Vidal, Diego, and Gamboa Morales, Dahiana
- Subjects
POLITICAL psychology ,MEMORY ,TORTURE victims ,RESEARCH ,FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUNDED theory ,INTERVIEWING ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,POLITICAL participation ,DATA analysis software ,CHILEANS - Abstract
This article reconstructs and analyzes the memories of women who were in the city of Valparaíso on September 11, 1973, the day of the coup d'état in Chile. Research participants were six women from the Valparaíso region, militants of leftist parties, and survivors of political imprisonment and torture during the Chilean civil-military dictatorship. We conducted a focus group and two semi-structured individual interviews. Data analysis was carried out in two stages: the first one phenomenological-hermeneutic and the second one based on Grounded Theory. The research results show that the day of the coup d'état in Valparaíso is remembered by women as a mighty and irrevocable milestone, functioning as a biographical event. The coup d'état means a before and after in civic experiences in social, political, and historical aspects and in the dwelling manners of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effects of University Programs for Older Adults: Changes in Cultural and Group Stereotype, Self-Perception of Aging, and Emotional Balance.
- Author
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Fernández-Ballesteros, Rocío, Caprara, Mariagiovanna, Schettini, Rocío, Bustillos, Antonio, Mendoza-Nunez, Víctor, Orosa, Teresa, Kornfeld, Rosita, Rojas, Macarena, López, MaríaDolores, Santacreu, Lda. Marta, Molina, MaríaÁngeles, and Zamarrón, MaríaDolores
- Subjects
AGING ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CONTINUING education ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SCALES (Weighing instruments) ,SELF-perception in old age ,STEREOTYPES ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,CULTURAL values ,WELL-being ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,CONTROL groups ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
University Programs for Older Adults (Programas Universitarios para Adultos Mayores or PUMAs) have been developed throughout the world as an outcome of two worldwide policies: Life Long Learning (LLL) and Active Aging as a priority direction (UN, 2002). According to these policies, older persons should become full participants in the development process of a society, sharing in its benefits, while policies and actions should promote a positive view of aging. The present paper sets out to report some of the results from the evaluation of four PUMAs offered in 2009–2010 at four Universities: Autónoma University of Madrid (Spain), Autónoma University of Mexico (Mexico), Catholic University (Chile), and La Habana University (Cuba). With this purpose, a study with quasiexperimental design and nonequivalent control group was carried out. In total, 313 students (75% women, age range 50–87) on these four PUMAs and 190 controls (77% female, age range 50–91) participated in this evaluation study. Pre- and postexperimental and control comparisons results yielded significant differences in the expected direction: those people attending PUMAs significantly improved their self-perception of aging and group stereotypes, as well as significantly reduced their negative affect, and improving their emotional balance. At the same time, their perception of cultural age stereotypes became more negative. The results are discussed from the point of view of the II International Plan of Action on Aging objectives: the reduction of negative stereotypes and the promotion of the role of PUMAs in active aging. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
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32. Medicalisation and participation in legal capacity determinations in Chile.
- Author
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Marshall, Pablo and Jiménez, Guillermo
- Subjects
- *
INTELLECTUAL disabilities , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *MEDICALIZATION , *JURISDICTION , *RESEARCH , *SOCIOLOGY , *READABILITY (Literary style) , *CAPACITY (Law) , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *EVALUATION research , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
This paper provides an examination of the process used by ordinary courts in Chile when making legal capacity determinations. It provides an up-to-date account of various aspects of law and procedure related to legal capacity in this jurisdiction. Also, by drawing on semi-structured interviews with judges, this paper examines judicial understandings of legal capacity decision-making focusing on problems related to the medicalisation of mental disability and the participation of persons with disabilities in legal capacity procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
33. Making Chile More Pedestrian-Friendly for Older Persons: Expert Perspectives.
- Author
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Herrmann-Lunecke, Marie Geraldine, Figueroa-Martínez, C., and Olivares Espinoza, B.
- Subjects
BUILT environment ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,CULTURAL pluralism ,POLICY science research ,WALKING ,GOVERNMENT policy ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,HEALTH behavior ,RESEARCH funding ,PEDESTRIANS ,STATISTICAL sampling ,NEIGHBORHOOD characteristics ,COVID-19 pandemic ,OLD age - Abstract
Walking provides numerous benefits to older persons, but its practice is hindered by social factors and the built environment. This article aims to understand the factors that encourage or discourage older people's walking behaviors, as well as the policies influencing those factors in Chile. It does so by reporting the analysis of twenty-five semi-structured interviews with Chilean policymakers and local leaders. The experts consistently represented walking as a beneficial activity for older persons that, nonetheless, occurs in adverse built environments. They asserted that the absence of older people in the public discussion and a top-down policy-making structure hamper its promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Meanings and expressions of co-responsibility: A small qualitative study based on the reflections from Chilean social workers involved in public-private child welfare.
- Author
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Andrade-Guzmán, Carlos and Lombe, Margaret
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL practice ,RESEARCH ,CRITICALLY ill ,RESEARCH methodology ,PRIVATE sector ,PATIENTS ,INTERVIEWING ,RESPONSIBILITY ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL worker attitudes ,CHILD welfare ,PUBLIC sector ,SOCIAL services ,THEMATIC analysis ,STATISTICAL sampling ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,SOCIAL responsibility - Abstract
The study critically explores the meanings and expressions of co-responsibility based on the experience of Chilean social workers involved in public-private child welfare. It draws upon critical institutionalism to frame thematic analysis of interviews with practitioners participating in these arrangements. Results show that meanings and expressions of co-responsibility are diverse and co-exist in intervention. Some meanings are that co-responsibility is the responsibility assumed by the State as the first guarantor of rights with a private that takes responsibility for clients. It also means collaboration in a neoliberal system. Regarding expressions, it takes the form of a programmatic execution that operationalizes the rights approach. Another one is that co-responsibility expresses in individualistic performance that neglects the other colleague. Implications for critical social work practice, policy, and scholarship are discussed, based on the diversity of meanings and expressions of co-responsibility identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. 'Who is telling the truth?' Migrants' experiences with COVID-19 related information in Norway: a qualitative study.
- Author
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Czapka, Elżbieta Anna, Herrero-Arias, Raquel, Haj-Younes, Jasmin, Hasha, Wegdan, Madar, Ahmed A., Møen, Kathy A., Ortiz-Barreda, Gaby, and Diaz, Esperanza
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,COVID-19 ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,HEALTH ,INFORMATION resources ,THEMATIC analysis ,TRUST - Abstract
Aims: The over-representation of migrants among those infected by COVID-19 in high-income countries has spurred questions about insufficient distribution of health information to society's subgroups. Our study aimed to shed light on migrants' experiences with information relating to COVID-19 in Norway. Methods: We conducted 55 semi-structured interviews with migrants from five different countries living in Norway: Somalia (10), Syria (15), Sri Lanka (10), Chile (10), and Poland (10). The interviews were performed by bilingual researchers with a migrant background, audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: We identified the four key themes of multiple and contradictory information sources, language barriers, conspiracy theories/speculations, strategies for information provision and ways ahead. Participants accessed and combined several often transnational sources of information. Information was perceived as confusing and contradictory and there was a wish for more translated information. Conclusions: It is important to recognise the specific factors affecting migrants' ability to receive, trust and use health-related information during pandemics and other health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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36. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a multicultural Spanish‐language version of the Eating Disorder‐15 in a nonclinical sample of Chilean women.
- Author
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Compte, Emilio J., Cruzat‐Mandich, Claudia, Pérez Ríos, Leonardo, Vásquez, Sofía, Gómez, Nathalie, and Trujillo‐ChiVacuan, Eva
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL design ,COLLEGE students ,RESEARCH methodology ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,FACTOR analysis ,EATING disorders - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Development of the ¡Vamos por Mas! parenting program to prevent substance use among Chilean adolescents.
- Author
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Meyer, Jessica K V, Ortiz de Rozas, Amaia Bernard, Muñoz, Ivan, Burmeister, Catalina, Macchiavello, Carlo, Lendzion, Lauren, and García-Huidobro, Diego
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse prevention ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,FOCUS groups ,FAMILY support ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-perception ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,PARENTING ,HUMAN services programs ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SURVEYS ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,ACTION research ,COMMUNITY-based social services ,COMMUNICATION ,RESEARCH funding ,PARENT-child relationships ,ELEMENTARY schools ,THEMATIC analysis ,PARENTS ,ADULT education workshops ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Summary: In Chile, the prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and drug use among adolescents is very high. Decades of research indicate that parenting interventions reduce these risky behaviors. However, there are no parenting interventions validated in Chile to prevent adolescent substance use. This article reports the development of the ¡Vamos por Mas! (¡VxM!) program following the recommendations of the Medical Research Council's framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions. After identifying key intervention components, a preliminary version of a substance-use prevention program was designed. The preliminary intervention targeted families with adolescents in fifth and sixth grade and had four components: personalized feedback, in-person workshops, virtual engagement, and family support, to deliver positive-youth development and family-strengthening content. Then, students, guardians, school staff and community experts from different school systems (N = 111) evaluated the preliminary version of the program through a convergent parallel mixed methods study, including focus groups (N = 14) and surveys (N = 101). In general, all participants had positive perceptions of the program and valued its purpose, strategies, objectives and contents. Suggestions included expanding the purpose to promote healthy relationships, focusing on schools with low and intermediate socioeconomic vulnerability, including self-control content, removing the personalized feedback component and adding two additional components: school partnership and external supervision, among other improvements. With this information, the final version of the ¡VxM! program was developed. After a rigorous intervention development process, the ¡VxM! program is ready to be piloted and evaluated in a randomized trial. Lay Summary: Chile has high rates of tobacco, alcohol and drug use among adolescents. Parenting interventions have shown to reduce these risky behaviors. However, there are no parenting interventions validated in Chile to prevent adolescent substance use. This article reports the development of the ¡Vamos por Mas! (¡VxM!) program to strengthen family relations and prevent adolescent substance use following the recommendations of the Medical Research Council's framework for designing and evaluating complex interventions. In the first phase, key intervention components were identified. Then, a preliminary version of the intervention was designed. In the second phase, perceptions of key stakeholders were collected through focus groups (N = 14) and surveys (N = 101) including adolescents, guardians, school staff and community experts. These participants evaluated the preliminary version of the program and provided feedback. In the final phase of the intervention development process, stakeholder opinions were integrated into the proposal. The final version of the ¡VxM! program included five components: (i) school partnership, (ii) in-person workshops, (iii) virtual engagement, (iv) family support and (v) external supervision. This version is ready to be piloted to evaluate feasibility and preliminary efficacy, before being assessed in a randomized trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. A mixed-methods evaluation of the ! Vamos por Más! parenting program implementation in Chile.
- Author
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Meyer, Jessica K. V., Diaspro, Gabriela, Muñoz, Iván, Burmeister, Catalina, and García-Huidobro, Diego
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CLUSTER sampling ,PILOT projects ,STATISTICS ,PARENTING education ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,SEQUENCE analysis ,RESEARCH methodology ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,QUANTITATIVE research ,FISHER exact test ,HUMAN services programs ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,QUALITATIVE research ,CHI-squared test ,CONTENT analysis ,DATA analysis - Abstract
Introduction and aims: Substance use is a significant global concern. Strengthening parenting in families with adolescents has been shown to reduce substance use initiation. The ! Vamos por Más! ( ! VxM!) program is a positiveparenting program developed in Chile to improve family relations and reduce adolescent substance use that combines in-person school workshops, multimedia messaging and personalized support. This manuscript reports a mixed-methods evaluation of the pilot implementation of the ! VxM! program utilizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and Proctor's taxonomy for process outcomes. Methods: An explanatory sequential design was used. Quantitative methods evaluated program use, acceptability, appropriateness, and fidelity, and were followed by qualitative focus groups (FGs) to assess the implementation process and understand these outcomes. Thirteen FGs stratified by school and role, including school leaders, program facilitators, participants, and researchers, were conducted. Results: The program was implemented in three schools, reaching 253 families with in-person workshops (40.5% of potential participants), 257 parents who viewed on average 72.1% of sent multimedia messages, and 2 families who used the personalized support (0.3%). Overall, the program was viewed as acceptable and appropriate by participants and implementers due to the high quality of program materials, targeted content, and activities. Implementation differed by schools. Key implementation factors were the outer context, inner school setting, and implementation processes. Conclusions: This comprehensive evaluation, including both intervention implementers and participants, identified implementation facilitators, barriers, and outcomes. Future ! VxM! implementations should alter program components of schools with lower engagement to improve program implementation and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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39. Cotidiano de cuidadoras informales: perspectivas desde la terapia ocupacional.
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Seguel Albornoz, Francisca Michelle, Rosas Tripailaf, Javiera Alicia, Caucaman Provost, Marilene Fanye, Lefián Huerta, Constanza Tamara, Gallegos Rocha, Alexandra Nicol, and Tiago Cirineu, Cleber
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HEALTH self-care ,LABOR productivity ,QUALITATIVE research ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTERVIEWING ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,LEISURE ,RESEARCH methodology ,PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers ,AFFECT (Psychology) ,SOCIAL support ,ACTIVITIES of daily living ,SLEEP disorders - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. "They kicked me out of my house, I started working on the street": intersectionality and occupational apartheid in sex work. A case study.
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Álvarez Franco, Raiza Julieth, Duarte Martínez, Andrea Soledad, Steembecker, Dafne Jara, Muñoz Orellana, Franco, Morrison, Rodolfo, and Monzeli, Gustavo Artur
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SEX work ,LIFE history interviews ,OCCUPATIONS ,QUALITATIVE research ,FEMINISM ,GENDER identity ,RESEARCH funding ,INTERVIEWING ,DECISION making ,EXPERIENCE ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy ,RESEARCH methodology ,TRANS women ,CASE studies - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Occupational therapists and their teaching role: perceptions of professionals and university students.
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Marchant Castillo, Jose Ignacio
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OCCUPATIONAL therapy education ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,QUALITATIVE research ,EDUCATORS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,EXPERIENCE ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,ACADEMIC achievement ,METROPOLITAN areas ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,STUDENT attitudes ,COLLEGE students ,SOCIAL participation - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. La relación entre el uso de las TIC y el sentimiento de soledad: una mirada desde los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud de las personas mayores en Chile.
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Urbina Carreño, Alfredo
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LONELINESS in old age ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,DIGITAL divide ,RESEARCH methodology ,PUBLIC health ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,COMMUNICATION ,ACCESS to information ,INFORMATION technology ,SOCIAL integration ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,OLD age - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Espanola de Comunicacion en Salud is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Comunicacion Sanitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. ACADEMIC INTEREST IN THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF CANNABIS IN NURSING STUDENTS FROM A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN CHILE.
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Hernández Diaz, Alejandro
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RESEARCH ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH methodology ,CURRICULUM ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,NURSING students ,STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Affective response of medical university students towards the active methodologies.
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Antonio Albarrán-Torres, Felipe, Heraldo Díaz-Larenas, Claudio, and Marlene Ibarra-Peso, Jacqueline
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COLLEGE students ,INFERENTIAL statistics ,STATISTICS ,AFFECT (Psychology) ,MEDICAL students ,RESEARCH methodology ,PROBLEM-based learning ,QUANTITATIVE research ,ACADEMIC achievement ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,MEDICAL schools ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,STUDENT attitudes ,CONTROL groups ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis ,FRIEDMAN test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis software ,COMMITMENT (Psychology) ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
45. Positive Parenting Scale (E2P): Evidence of Validity and Reliability in a Chilean Sample.
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Muzzio, Esteban Gómez, Yévenes, Leyla Contreras, and Sandoval, José Pezoa
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RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,RESEARCH evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,RESEARCH methodology ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,PARENTING ,FACTOR analysis ,METROPOLITAN areas - Abstract
This study investigated the reliability and validity of the new versions of the Positive Parenting Scale (E2P), a series of eight questionnaires designed to assess the frequency of parenting practices in parents of children from 0 months to 17 years of age. Participants were Chilean parents of healthy children (N = 3187) residing in an urban city of Chile. Content validity granted by independent expert judges and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted for each questionnaire. Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity with other scales was also collected. The new versions of E2P Positive Parenting Scale demonstrated robust evidence of structural and content validity, and a pattern of correlations between independent scales and E2P factors consistent with hypothesized expectations, that serve as evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Reliability of the eight final questionnaires was good to excellent. Considering this evidence, we concluded that the new versions of E2P Positive Parenting Scale are a valid, reliable, feasible, and free access measures for assessing parenting practices in parents of children from 0 months to 17 years in Chilean families. The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis provide support to the theoretical scheme of relational, formative, protective, and reflective parental competencies on which the questionnaire is based. Highlights: Evidence of validity and reliability of the Positive Parenting Scale (E2P) in a sample of 3187 Chilean parents is presented. Eight different versions of the E2P scale were developed to address differences in parenting children of different ages. The results provide robust evidence of structural, content, convergent and discriminant validity, and excellent reliability of all versions of E2P. The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis provide support to the theoretical scheme of relational, formative, protective and reflective parental competencies proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Effect of Child Trauma on the Relation between Psychological Well-Being and Depressive Symptoms in Chilean University Students.
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Barros, Paulina, Assar, Rodrigo, Botto, Alberto, Leighton, Caroline, Quevedo, Yamil, and Jiménez, Juan Pablo
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MENTAL depression ,MENTAL depression risk factors ,ADVERSE childhood experiences ,WELL-being ,RESEARCH ,PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-evaluation ,AGE distribution ,REGRESSION analysis ,UNDERGRADUATES ,RISK assessment ,T-test (Statistics) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,SEX distribution ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,ADULTS - Abstract
(1) Background: There is consistent evidence of the impact of early adverse experiences on mental health in adulthood, especially as a risk factor for depression. However, their influence on positive aspects of mental health such as well-being has been less extensively studied. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of traumatic childhood experiences on the relationship between depression and psychological well-being in a sample of university students. (2) Methods: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA), and Ryff's psychological well-being scale were administered to 700 Chilean university students. Several regression models were used to analyze the interaction between variables, with multivariate SEM being applied to hierarchize the relationships found. (3) Results: Emotional Neglect and Abuse stand out as the types of maltreatment with the greatest impact on mental health, associated first with a decrease in the self-acceptance dimension of psychological well-being and then with depressive symptomatology in adulthood. (4) Conclusions: Results provide evidence that early trauma has an important impact on mental health, increasing the risk of depression, however, its impact is greater on positive aspects of health, such as self-acceptance, a fundamental element in the construction of psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
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47. Reference Values of Absolute and Relative Handgrip Strength in Chilean Schoolchildren with Intellectual Disabilities.
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Farías-Valenzuela, Claudio, Ferrero-Hernández, Paloma, Ferrari, Gerson, Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián, Castillo-Paredes, Antonio, Álvarez-Arangua, Sebastián, and Valdivia-Moral, Pedro
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GRIP strength ,REFERENCE values ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,ANTHROPOMETRY ,FUNCTIONAL status ,SEX distribution ,WAIST circumference ,INTELLECTUAL disabilities - Abstract
Handgrip strength is a simple measure of general muscle strength and is related to functionality in people with intellectual disabilities. The objective of this research was to describe the normative values of absolute and relative handgrip strength in children, adolescents and adults according to sex. The sample was made up of 264 schoolchildren (n = 168 men) belonging to five special education schools in Santiago of Chile. The results show higher levels of absolute handgrip strength in males compared to females. The maximum peak of the absolute manual handgrip is reached in females in adolescence with a decrease in adulthood. Relative handgrip strength levels are similar in boys and girls. In females, the relative handgrip strength is similar in childhood and adolescence. Relative handgrip strength declines in both sexes from adolescence to adulthood. The reference values of this study can be used by professionals in the areas of health and education as a guide for interpretation, monitoring and follow-up of Chilean schooled people with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Fathers' reflections on adolescent sex education in Chile - Generación de Transición.
- Author
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Satterthwaite Muresianu, Emma, Weinstock, Rachel E., Arams, Ryan, Vorawandthanachai, Thammatat, Ferrera, Alexander, Forero, Juan Pablo, Torres Maita, Yumarlin, and Dolan, Siobhan M.
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VACCINATION ,HOME environment ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,RESEARCH methodology ,GROUNDED theory ,CLINICS ,INTERVIEWING ,SEX education for teenagers ,STEREOTYPES ,PARENTING ,HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines ,PSYCHOLOGY of fathers ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) - Abstract
Since the introduction of the HPV vaccine in Chile in 2014, there have been few studies exploring parental perspectives on the vaccine or on adolescent sex and sexuality education, and even fewer exploring fathers' perspectives. Subsequent to an earlier study of Chilean mothers' attitudes towards the HPV vaccine and adolescent sexual health and education, we conducted a study of fathers' attitudes. Fathers with children aged 9–19 years were recruited at an outpatient clinic in Linares, Chile. Thirty semi-structured face to face interviews were analysed using Grounded Theory methodology. Fathers overall lacked knowledge about HPV and the vaccine. With regards to sex education at home, three salient themes centred on the fathers being part of a 'transition generation.' While fathers expressed positive attitudes towards sex education at home and sought to have more open conversations with their children than they had with their own parents, stereotypical gender roles were barriers to putting these desires into action. Future regional and national sexual health initiatives should engage with gender equity policy change and equip fathers to engage in open, non-judgemental conversation with their children about sex and sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Women and Finances: Exploring the Place of Women in the Chilean Financial Education Programs.
- Author
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Pérez-Roa, Lorena, Allendes, Santos, and Fontecilla, Catalina
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WOMEN'S education ,GENDER role ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,COST control ,FEMINIST criticism ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,FINANCIAL management ,POVERTY ,THEMATIC analysis ,BEHAVIOR modification ,SOCIAL case work - Abstract
This article explores the suppositions that financial education programs in Chile have on the financial behavior of low-income women. For this purpose, through a documentary analysis of the National Strategy for Financial Education (ENEF) and a series of interviews with different actors involved in the financial education program, we seek to explain how the intervention considers the role of women in the financial space, exploring the assumptions that guide the methodologies deployed in the intervention. Our results are divided in two: first, we explore the assumptions of the ENEF and the reasons that make women its priority audience; emphasizing the diagnosis, the assigned roles and the expected behavioral changes. Second, we explore the intervention methodology to account for how, through the teaching of savings and planning skills, women are expected to improve their financial skills and those of their household. We discuss how gender roles persist in these intervention spaces and the importance of incorporating feminist perspectives to think about emancipatory interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Interactive virtual scenarios as a technological resource to improve musculoskeletal clinical reasoning skills of undergraduate physiotherapy students.
- Author
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Torres, Gustavo, Villagrán, Ignacio, Fuentes, Javiera, Araya, Juan Pablo, Jouannet, Chantal, and Fuentes-López, Eduardo
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MUSCULOSKELETAL system diseases ,PHYSICAL therapy students ,RESEARCH methodology ,SATISFACTION ,QUANTITATIVE research ,UNDERGRADUATES ,LEARNING strategies ,CLINICAL competence ,PHYSICAL therapy education ,CASE studies ,STUDENTS ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio ,MEDICAL logic - Abstract
Clinical reasoning is a fundamental competency in the learning process of health professionals. Since learning with traditional methods presents difficulties, teaching with interactive virtual scenarios is a good alternative. To describe the impact of a blended training with interactive virtual scenarios for the development of clinical reasoning skills in undergraduate physiotherapy students. A sample of 92 students solved eight storylines. Assessment error percentage, clinical pattern recognition, satisfaction, and the perception of difficulty were obtained. A proportions test was used to compare baseline and final assessments. To analyze the relationship between the variables, multilevel univariate logistic regression models were built. A significant difference was observed in the error percentage between baseline and final assessment (p <.001). Comparing the last storyline to the first one, there were 2.63 times more possibilities to correctly recognize the pattern. The error percentage was associated with the opportunity to recognize the pattern precisely (p <.001). Thus, for each increasing unit in the error percentage, the possibility to correctly recognize the pattern decreased by 11% (OR = 0.89). The use of this innovative blended training with virtual scenarios allowed students to systematically improve their recognition abilities of clinical patterns and decrease mistakes in the decision-making process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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