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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop of dry land yielding very high quality of edible oil. Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 131 safflower accessions originating from 28 different countries using 13 iPBS-retrotransposon markers. A total of 295 iPBS bands were observed among which 275 (93.22%) were found polymorphic. Mean Polymorphism information content (0.48) and diversity parameters including mean effective number of alleles (1.33), mean Shannon’s information index (0.33), overall gene diversity (0.19), Fstatistic (0.21), and inbreeding coefficient (1.00) reflected the presence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant materials. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that more than 40% of genetic variation was derived from populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithms clustered the 131 safflower accessions into four main populations A, B, C, D and an unclassified population, with no meaningful geographical origin. Most diverse accessions originated from Asian countries including Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Turkey, and India. Four accessions, Turkey3, Afghanistan4, Afghanistan2, and Pakistan24 were found most genetically distant and might be recommended as a candidate parents for breeding purposes. The findings of this study are most probably supported by the seven similarity centers hypothesis of safflower. This is a first study to explore the genetic diversity and population structure in safflower accessions using the iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The information provided in this work will therefore be helpful for scientists interested in safflower breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Turkish common bean germplasm. A total of 96 bean genotypes were characterized with iPBS-retrotansposons that yielded a mean polymorphism information contents of 0.8. Mean gene diversity and Shannon information index were 0.14 and 0.25, respectively. Neighbor joining analysis divided the bean genotypes into two main group (A and B) according to their geographical regions, growth habits and seed size. Bingol-l7, Sivas-14 and Hakkari-11 genotypes were found very distinct and can be used as candidate parents for the bean breeding. The higher efficiency and reproducibility of iPBS-retrotransposons was witnessed in common bean as compared to earlier studies using the same marker system. Results of this study will boost up the investigators for genotyping the larger germplasm of common bean with minimum laboratory infrastructure in developing and least developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of genetic diversity could be beneficial by contributing important information in the selection of breeding material. The objective of this study was to explore the genetic diversity and relationship in the Turkish tobacco germplasm with the iPBS-retrotransposons marker that emerged as a universal method. A total of 90 landraces and 6 commercial cultivars collected from different geographical regions of Turkey were used in this study. Eleven most polymorphic iPBS-retrotransposons primers yielded a total of 119 scorable bands and 98 of these bands were found to be polymorphic (82.35%), with an average of 8.91 polymorphic fragments for each primer. The mean polymorphism information contents were found to be 0.33, ranging from 0.10 to 0.80. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean revealed that the genotypes belonging to the same geographical regions were often present in the same group and very close to each other. Based on the Bayesian clustering model, the genetic structure of Turkish tobacco germplasm was divided into 2 main groups. This is first study to explore the genetic diversity of Turkish tobacco by the iPBS-retrotransposons and we believe that in future the results of this study will serve as a foundation for the development of new and improved tobacco varieties in Turkey and the rest of world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having knowledge on genetic similarity and DNA profile of potato genotypes facilitates a breeder's decision for parent selection and provides accurate variety identification. Fingerprinting and identification of genetic similarity among 151 potato genotypes were achieved using an inter-primer-binding sites (iPBS) retrotransposon marker system. Our study is the first application of iPBS markers for fingerprinting and distinguishing large numbers of Solanum tuberosum genotypes. Initially, 16 potato genotypes were screened using 45 iPBS retrotransposon markers to identify polymorphisms. Seventeen of these primers were selected for fingerprinting the whole set of accessions due to strong, reproducible and polymorphic bands. The 17 iPBS primers produced 290 scorable bands of which 224 were polymorphic. The number of bands per primer ranged from 10 to 26 with an average of 17.1. The number of polymorphic bands per primer was between 6 and 21. The polymorphism percentage per primer ranged from 46.2 to 100.0% with an average of 77.2% per primer. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) values of iPBS primers varied from 0.12 to 0.31 per primer. Genetic similarity based on Jaccard's coefficient of potato genotypes ranged from 0.61 to 0.93 with an average of 0.73. The data produced herein may be used for selection of appropriate parents and variety description in the future. The findings of the present study suggest that iPBS retrotransposons are powerful and easy DNA markers for fingerprinting the large samples of potato germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrotransposons have been highly studied in monocots; however retrotransposon diversity in dicot crops has not been well documented. Our objective was to assess the diversity harbored by field pea landraces using retrotranposon markers. In this research, molecular characterization of 104 landraces and 34 field pea breeding lines was assessed using newly developed iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The 12 iPBS-retrotransposon primers generated a total 106 scorable bands, and 81 of these were found to be polymorphic (76.4%), with an average of 6.75 polymorphic fragments per primer. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.33 to 0.84 with an average of 0.61. It was evident that field pea landraces from the same geographical region were often placed in different groups in the neighbor joining analysis, indicating that grouping based on genetic parameters was not closely related to the geographical origin. The population structure was determined by using STRUCTURE software, and three populations at K = 3 and five populations at K = 5 were identified among landraces. The plentiful diversity present in Turkish field pea landraces could be used as genetic resource in designing breeding program, and may also contribute to worldwide pea breeding programs. Our data also suggested a role of iPBS-retrotransposons as ‘a universal marker’ for molecular characterization of pea germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though lentil has been an important food legume for centuries, genetic studies in lentil are still in their infancy. Genetic diversity and relationships among wild Lens species from Turkey has seldom been investigated. Additionally, a limited number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been developed for use in breeding and genetic studies of lentil crop. In this study, molecular characterization of 50 accessions mostly from Turkey, belonging to 6 wild and 1 cultivated Lens species, was performed using newly developed inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposons and inter-SSR (ISSR) markers. The 10 iPBS primers generated a total of 151 scorable bands, of which 150 were polymorphic (99.3%) with an average of 15.0 polymorphic fragments per primer. The 10 ISSR primers detected 138 scorable bands showing 100% polymorphism, with an average of 13.5 bands per primer. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) value for ISSR markers (0.97) was higher than that for iPBS markers (0.90). Lens orientalis was found to be the most diverse species, raising the possibility of wide crosses with cultivated species Lens culinaris . Cultivated varieties also showed high level of polymorphism, at 82.92% and 51.92% with ISSR and iPBS markers, respectively. Lens lamottei and Lens tomentosus were found as the least polymorphic species using both marker systems. The grouping of accessions and species within clusters were almost similar when iPBS and ISSR graphs were compared. Our data also suggested the role of iPBS-retrotransposons as ‘ a universal marker ’ for molecular characterization of wild and cultivated Lens species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods for the diagnostics and detection of plant pathogens need to be quick, simple, reliable, and cost effective. In the present study, inter-priming binding sites (iPBS)-retrotransposons were used to study the genetic diversity of 96 isolates belonging to 16 different fungal species at intra- and inter-species levels. The 6 iPBS-retrotransposon primers amplified 389 bands, of which 387 were polymorphic (99%) with an average of 64.83 polymorphic fragments per primer. Polymorphism information contents per primers ranged from 0.976 to 0.870 with the average being 0.972. Neighbor-joining analysis differentiated all fungal isolates according to their species, and at the intra-specific level revealed considerable genetic variability among fungal isolates. The data supports the use of iPBS-retrotransposons as ‘a universal marker’ for the molecular characterization of different fungal species. It also suggests that only one or a few iPBS-retrotransposon primers would be sufficient for the discrimination of fungal isolates at both intra- and inter-species levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]