78 results
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2. Social Inequality as Exclusion in a Rural School
- Author
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Rayón, Laura, de las Heras, Ana María, and Bañares, Elena
- Abstract
The present paper highlights that social inequality in some rural regions can substantially and harshly affect school coexistence. The present study is carried out in a Spanish rural school, and it aimed to understand which factors affected coexistence and generated situations of exclusion. Participant observation and the different voices in contrast -- students and teachers -- reveal how the environment has generated a situation of exclusion in some families who have recently settled in the village. Furthermore, the unfair socioeconomic situation of the outsiders, legitimated at school by a punitive model of coexistence, turns teachers and students into approving actors of structural violence resulting in the rejection and isolation of some students. Together with the value of ethnography, these results are discussed to transform the teachers' beliefs and perceptions about coexistence.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. An Evaluation of a Women's Clinic: The Healthcare and Learning Project of the Functional Unit for Women with Schizophrenia.
- Author
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González-Rodríguez, Alexandre, Natividad, Mentxu, Palacios-Hernández, Bruma, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Cobo, Jesús, and Monreal, José A.
- Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA treatment ,SUBSTANCE abuse prevention ,RISK assessment ,DIFFUSION of innovations ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,EXERCISE ,PATIENT safety ,MEDICATION errors ,STRATEGIC planning ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,PROLACTIN ,WOMEN'S health services ,URBAN hospitals ,LEARNING strategies ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,PATIENT satisfaction ,NUTRITION education ,TRANSCULTURAL medical care ,SOCIAL isolation ,PITUITARY diseases - Abstract
Gender differences exist in mental and physical health in schizophrenia, and healthcare education is part of the associated clinical approach. The main goal of the present paper is to describe a women's clinic for schizophrenia and carry out a narrative review about innovative healthcare and learning strategies in the context of women who suffer from schizophrenia, and to discuss innovative strategies for both healthcare and learning projects to be applied in this context. Observing the development of our unit, four clear innovation phases can be distinguished: the generation of new ideas (clinical and social needs), strategic planning (five observatories), the execution of these strategies (observatories/teams/interventions) and feedback, iteration and scaling. We found that the observatory for morbi-mortality adopted a retroactive proactive approach, and the observatory for hyperprolactinemia was proactive and deliberate. We describe the innovation aspects, both clinical and educational, as incremental. There was one exception, the introduction of a social exclusion and discrimination observatory, that from our perspective, was not gradual, but transformative. Future learning projects should include the role of social sciences and humanities and new technologies. Our pilot project gave us the opportunity to apply new learning methods to a relatively neglected field of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Closing the Loop: Enhancing Local Monitoring of Child Poverty to Leave No Child Behind.
- Author
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de la Rasilla, Pablo, Stamos, Iraklis, Proietti, Paola, and Siragusa, Alice
- Subjects
RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL networks ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,NUTRITION ,INTERVIEWING ,VIOLENCE ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,SOCIAL isolation ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,CHILD health services ,QUALITY assurance ,ACTION research ,CASE studies ,POVERTY ,HOMELESSNESS ,HOUSING ,LITERATURE reviews ,SOCIAL integration ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Research on the Leave No One Behind principle of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the context of the Agenda 2030 is currently prevalent; however, research on monitoring child poverty at the sub-national (local) level is still limited. This paper addresses this gap by examining indicators developed for monitoring the phenomenon at different territorial levels (global, European, and national) and assessing their territorial transposition locally, using the city of Cadiz, Spain, as a case study. Interviews with local stakeholders reveal that despite the availability and access to related indicators and data, relevant actors must enhance their efforts to utilize such indicators effectively. Based on desktop research and qualitative analysis, the paper delivers recommendations for improving local monitoring of child poverty in Europe and inducing policy changes. This knowledge can inform targeted interventions, policy formulation, and resource allocation to tackle child poverty and promote equitable and inclusive societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Employing Social Network Analysis to Examine the Social Participation of Students Identified as Having Special Educational Needs and Disabilities
- Author
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Mamas, Christoforos, Schaelli, Giovanna Hartmann, Daly, Alan J., Navarro, Henar R., and Trisokka, Lambri
- Abstract
The number of students with identified Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) in mainstream schools has been rising in the last three decades, primarily due to policy changes promoting inclusive education. However, many of these students remain socially isolated despite expectations that inclusion may lead to enhanced outcomes, particularly social outcomes. This paper draws on a study conducted in three countries; Cyprus, Spain, and Switzerland. A critical case study design, grounded in social capital theory, was adopted to examine the concept of social participation from a social network perspective in six Grade 4 classrooms, two in each country. Data were collected through 109 network surveys. Network maps for each classroom were developed, and social network measures were calculated. The findings from each case/classroom were encouraging in terms of the social participation of students with SEND and have provided a layer for understanding social responsiveness and inclusion of each classroom. The social participation for many students with SEND was found to be comparable to peers without SEND.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Continuing Educational Participation among Children in Care in Five Countries: Some Issues of Social Class
- Author
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Cameron, Claire, Jackson, Sonia, Hauari, Hanan, and Hollingworth, Katie
- Abstract
Young people who have spent all or part of their childhoods in public care are at particular risk of social exclusion as adults and yet the pathway out of exclusion identified by policy-makers at both European and national levels, namely, education, is very difficult to access. Using data from a five-country study of the post-compulsory educational pathways of young people in public care, this paper examines the rates of participation of young people in further and higher education and considers what might account for the gap, looking at two factors: the impact of background social class on educational support and the educational intentions and practices of the care system. The paper concludes by considering the policy context and some possible tensions between policy aims and young people's contexts and experiences. (Contains 3 notes and 1 table.)
- Published
- 2012
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7. Education and Social Change in Spain: From Crisis to Opportunity
- Author
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Cortés-González, Pablo, Rivas-Flores, J.Ignacio, and Leite-Méndez, Analía E.
- Abstract
This paper analyses a particular socio-educational experience in a marginalised neighbourhood in Malaga, Spain. This initiative came about as an institutional proposal to combat neoliberal austerity policies and is known as the "Casa de la Buena Vida". It aims to generate new educational practices based on solidarity, dignity and justice. The methodology followed entailed carrying out an ethnography at this institution, participating in the initiative over a period of 4 years. At the same time, life histories of some of its most notable members were drawn up. In the results section we offer an analysis of the particular identities that are created as a consequence of the living conditions, social conflicts, multicultural nature and survival strategies that operate in a welfarist policy system. We also analyse this institution's socio-educational proposal using alternative social practices that enable other subjectivities to develop.
- Published
- 2016
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8. School Memories of Young People with Disabilities: An Analysis of Barriers and Aids to Inclusion
- Author
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Diez, Anabel Morina
- Abstract
This article presents a selection of the results gleaned from research analyzing the way social exclusion processes are constructed among young adults between the ages of 18 and 25. The paper focuses on a subset of the population studied: young people with disabilities. Likewise, we limit our study to the dimension of school-related experiences. Our research methodology--based on individual personal narratives and first hand accounts--allows a dynamic, participative and integrated approach to the study of exclusion. Participants in the study were asked to reflect on their experiences and, thus, were given a voice. Our specific objective in this article was to identify and explain the barriers and aids to inclusion encountered in a variety of educational environments as expressed by interviewees who had experienced them personally. (Contains 5 notes.)
- Published
- 2010
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9. Social, Personal and Educational Constraints on Access to Employment among Groups at Risk of Social Exclusion: Contributions from an Employment Observatory
- Author
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Anuncibay, Raquel de la Fuente
- Abstract
One of the challenges raised by proactive employment policies centres on redressing inequalities that are not solely of an economic nature, as others may also be added of a social and ethnic nature as well as personal, cultural and educational aspects. This article analyses the situation in which groups at risk of social exclusion find themselves by using methodological references collected at a local employment observatory created for such a purpose. The social fabric of the business world was appraised as part of this process, to gain a picture of employer needs, their premises and constraints. Furthermore, a study was carried out on the most relevant aspects and variables--the strong and weak points--that the groups at risk of social exclusion present in seeking to access employment. The paper concludes with a presentation of the main results and proposes various lines of action that might provide responses to actual and future demands and needs. (Contains 8 tables and 2 figures.)
- Published
- 2007
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10. For the Sake of Myself, My Colleagues and My Community: Exploring the Benefits of Political Participation in Later Life.
- Author
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Serrat, Rodrigo, Chacur-Kiss, Karima, Villar, Feliciano, and Peiró-Milian, Inma
- Subjects
SOCIAL participation ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,COMMUNITY services ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH status indicators ,SOCIAL isolation ,EXPERIENCE ,RESEARCH funding ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,POLITICAL participation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,SOCIAL services ,DATA analysis software ,CITIZENSHIP ,STORYTELLING ,SOCIAL integration ,OLD age - Abstract
Most studies on the benefits of late life civic engagement have focused exclusively on formal volunteering. Older adults' political participation is much more overlooked. The current paper explores the benefits of long-term participation in political organizations as described by actively engaged Spanish older people. We used an adaptation of McAdams' life-story interview with 40 participants from three types of political organizations who occupy a responsible position within the organization. We identified three main themes in participants' answers: personal benefits, relational benefits, and community benefits. Overall, our results showed that the benefits arising from long-term political participation go far beyond the well-studied individual benefits that research on late-life volunteering has typically identified, and spread to relational and community areas. Social work practitioners should consider these benefits when they implement plans and programmes to promote healthy, active ways of aging, fostering age-friendly communities or reducing old-age social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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11. The associations between suicides, economic conditions and social isolation: Insights from Spain.
- Author
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Blázquez-Fernández, Carla and Cantarero-Prieto, David
- Subjects
SOCIAL isolation ,RURAL women ,SOCIAL history ,SUICIDE ,SUICIDE prevention ,SUICIDE victims - Abstract
Suicide is among the main challenges that need to be addressed in developed countries. In this paper, we analyse suicides across the 17 Spanish regions over the period 2014–2019. More precisely, our objective is to re-study the determinants of suicides focusing on the latest economic expansion period. We use count panel data models and sex stratification. A range of aggregate socioeconomic regional-level factors have been identified. Our empirical results show that: (1) a socioeconomic urban-rural suicide gaps exist; (2) there are significant gender differences, for the women a Mediterranean suicide pattern appears whereas unemployment levels have a significant importance for men, (3) social isolation factors, when significant, they show an (a priori) surprisingly positive result. We provide new highlights for suicide prevention in Spain. Precisely, it is highlighted that jointly policies by gender and attending to vulnerable groups are both necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. A Review of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women with Psychosis.
- Author
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González-Rodríguez, Alexandre, Seeman, Mary V., Guàrdia, Armand, Natividad, Mentxu, Román, Eloïsa, Izquierdo, Eduard, and Monreal, José A.
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,ONLINE information services ,LIFESTYLES ,APATHY ,SMOKING cessation ,PSYCHOSES ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,AGE distribution ,WOMEN ,METABOLIC disorders ,SOCIAL isolation ,DISEASE prevalence ,HEALTH behavior ,WILL ,MEDLINE ,MENOPAUSE ,BEHAVIOR modification ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
The presence of medical comorbidities in women with psychotic disorders can lead to poor medical and psychiatric outcomes. Of all comorbidities, cardiovascular disease is the most frequent, and the one most likely to cause early death. We set out to review the evidence for cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in women with schizophrenia-related disorders and for interventions commonly used to reduce CRFs. Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed and Scopus databases (2017–2022) to identify papers relevant to our aims. A total of 17 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. We found that CRFs were prevalent in psychotic disorders, the majority attributable to patient lifestyle behaviors. We found some inconsistencies across studies with regard to gender differences in metabolic disturbances in first episode psychosis, but general agreement that CRFs increase at the time of menopause in women with psychotic disorders. Primary care services emerge as the best settings in which to detect CRFs and plan successive intervention strategies as women age. Negative symptoms (apathy, avolition, social withdrawal) need to be targeted and smoking cessation, a heart-healthy diet, physical activity, and regular sleep routines need to be actively promoted. The goal of healthier hearts for women with psychotic disorders may be difficult, but it is achievable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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13. Criminal Prosecution and Punishment of Migrants in Spain: A Border Criminology Perspective.
- Author
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García-España, Elisa
- Subjects
PROSECUTION ,IMMIGRANTS ,CRIMINOLOGY ,SOCIAL isolation - Abstract
The exceptional use of criminal law to achieve migration policy objectives has been a reality in Spain since the first Aliens Law was passed in 1985. Since then, academia has warned about the discriminatory and exclusionary effects of this confluence. This paper critically analyses a series of exceptional Spanish criminal and migration policy measures aimed at criminalising certain population movements. The aim is to show the mechanisms used by criminal justice in Spain to manage human mobility from the perspective of border criminology. Among other things, I will analyse (1) 'hot returns' and (2) racial profiling in police stops, both as police reactions. I will also study (3) the expulsion of convicted foreigners and (4) criminal records as a migration control strategy and, finally, the deprivation of liberty for migration control purposes, such as (5) detention centres for migrants and (6) prison release strategies. The aim is to show that Spanish penal policy, taken in a broad sense as all eminently criminal measures and those where criminal law and immigration law converge, has as its main objective to socially render harmless (innocuousation) foreign suspects, convicts and ex-convicts in Spain with different and exceptional measures that push them to the margins of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Chewing Revenge or Becoming Socially Desirable? Anger Rumination in Refugees and Immigrants Experiencing Racial Hostility: Latin-Americans in Spain.
- Author
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da Silva Rebelo, María José, Fernández, Mercedes, and Meneses-Falcón, Carmen
- Subjects
HOSTILITY ,ANGER ,REVENGE ,RUMINATION (Cognition) ,REFUGEES - Abstract
This paper explores how real scenarios of racial hostility and discrimination trigger anger rumination tendencies in refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants (hereafter RASI). Undergoing discrimination often leads to the development of negative thoughts and behaviors, and to a loss of meaning and self-worth. This could make young RASI particularly vulnerable to being recruited and exploited by extremist groups as they search for identity. We developed a picture-elicitation instrument (the PEI) to provide professionals with a tool that could identify groups of RASI according to their reactions to discrimination scenarios and explore how racial hostility might influence withdrawal levels. The tool was applied with the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS_19) to 509 RASI of Latin American origin living in Spain. Four categories were identified, according to how RASI processed anger when observing discrimination scenarios: "Social desirability", "Chewing", "Grudge", and "Vengeful". Further analyses showed that the youngest (18–29) fell under the "Grudge" and "Vengeful" categories and revealed more despair and social isolation. This study makes a positive contribution by being the first to investigate the problem of anger rumination in RASI undergoing racial hostility. Moreover, it equips professionals with two tools that, once validated, may help plan and implement strategies to reduce the impact of hostility on both RASI and their host societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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15. The effect of lockdowns and infection rates on supermarket sales.
- Author
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Vall Castelló J and Lopez Casasnovas G
- Subjects
- Aged, COVID-19 epidemiology, Communicable Disease Control, Databases, Factual, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, Commerce statistics & numerical data, Infections epidemiology, Pandemics, Social Isolation, Supermarkets
- Abstract
In this paper we document the evolution of the supermarket sales in one of the European countries, Spain, that has been most hardly hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a very detailed dataset at the weekly and municipality level on the sales of a supermarket chain, we are able to separately identify the effects on sales for 12 different food products and for three population age groups. Furthermore, we distinguish between the impact of the lockdown, which affected the entire territory by mid-March, from the effect of the number of new confirmed positive COVID-19 cases at the municipal level. Our results show strong stockpiling effects for most of the products in the first week of adoption of the lockdown measures. On the other hand, the number of new cases at the municipal level is associated with reductions in sales, pointing towards increased fears of being infected as the main driver of the slowdown in sales. Finally, when we do a separate analysis for different age groups, we find no effects for individuals aged 66 and over., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Employing Social Network Analysis to Examine the Social Participation of Students Identified as Having Special Educational Needs and Disabilities.
- Author
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Mamas, Christoforos, Schaelli, Giovanna Hartmann, Daly, Alan J., Navarro, Henar R., and Trisokka, Lambri
- Subjects
GROUNDED theory ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,CASE studies ,NEEDS assessment ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,SOCIAL integration ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL networks ,SOCIAL participation ,SPECIAL education ,SOCIAL capital ,LABELING theory ,HUMAN services programs ,SPECIAL education schools - Abstract
The number of students with identified Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) in mainstream schools has been rising in the last three decades, primarily due to policy changes promoting inclusive education. However, many of these students remain socially isolated despite expectations that inclusion may lead to enhanced outcomes, particularly social outcomes. This paper draws on a study conducted in three countries; Cyprus, Spain, and Switzerland. A critical case study design, grounded in social capital theory, was adopted to examine the concept of social participation from a social network perspective in six Grade 4 classrooms, two in each country. Data were collected through 109 network surveys. Network maps for each classroom were developed, and social network measures were calculated. The findings from each case/classroom were encouraging in terms of the social participation of students with SEND and have provided a layer for understanding social responsiveness and inclusion of each classroom. The social participation for many students with SEND was found to be comparable to peers without SEND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Elderly women living alone in Spain: the importance of having children.
- Author
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Reher, David and Requena, Miguel
- Subjects
CHILDLESSNESS ,DEMOGRAPHY ,FERTILITY ,INFERTILITY ,MARITAL status ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL isolation ,WOMEN ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,GOVERNMENT policy ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability - Abstract
Our goal in this paper is to analyse the extent to which completed fertility, and in particular childlessness, is a valid predictor of living alone at advanced ages, an increasingly important residential option in advanced societies with crucial implications for social policy design and the organization of welfare services. Based on micro-data from the 2011 Spanish population census, logistic regression techniques are used to assess the impact of fertility on living alone among elderly women net the effect of age, marital status, educational attainment, and other standard population controls. Our results show a clear relationship between completed fertility and living alone. Childlessness is strongly associated with living alone, while having offspring acts as a powerful buffer against living alone, particularly in larger families. A relevant conclusion of this study is that a growing deficit of family resources available for the elderly women will take place in those societies where low fertility and high rates of childlessness have prevailed in recent decades, leading to substantial growth in the number of childless elderly women and in the incidence of living alone during later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Impact of the Crisis on Social Cohesion or Spanish Households Surfing a "Liquid" Model of Integration.
- Author
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Laparra, Miguel and Pérez, Begoña
- Subjects
SOCIAL cohesion ,RECESSIONS ,SOCIAL integration ,SOCIAL isolation ,EQUALITY ,SOCIAL & economic rights - Abstract
There is high level of consensus on the usage of social exclusion as a concept that enables multidimensional approaches in the analysis of social inequalities complementing the economic dimension with others as social dimension and political (social rights). Nevertheless, this consensus achieved in the theoretical field does not automatically reflect in common operative methodologies, indicators or variables that could allow comparative analysis in Europe. The present paper tries to contribute to this goal from a specific analysis of social exclusion in Spain. The work is based on a definition of social exclusion agreed by several research groups and made operative through a specific grid of indicators concerning different dimensions of social exclusion (income, work, health, housing, education). The grid was applied in 2007 survey on living conditions of the Spanish population and it made possible the elaboration of a diagnosis of specific groups affected by processes of social exclusion. Afterwards deep impact of economical crisis in Spain highlight weakness of social protection system and raise the interest of knowing accurately which are the effects of the crisis in social cohesion. There are included results from the new born wave of the Survey FOESSA 2010 that analyzes in a longitudinal way the same sample used in 2007. Special interest is focused in the impact in living conditions of vulnerable groups and their strategies to tackle the situation. The aim of this paper is also analysing the possibility of transferring this country-based methodology towards a more international comparative approach at the European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
19. Does persistence of social exclusion exist in Spain?
- Author
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Poggi, Ambra
- Subjects
SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL marginality ,HETEROGENEITY ,STATES (Political subdivisions) - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the causes leading to social exclusion dynamics. In particular, we wish to understand why an individual experiencing social exclusion today is much more likely to experience it again. In fact, there are two distinct processes that may generate a persistence of social exclusion: Heterogeneity (individuals are heterogeneous with respect to some observed and/or unobserved adverse characteristics that are relevant to experiencing social exclusion and persist over time) and true state dependence (experiencing social exclusion in a specific time period, in itself, increases the probability of undergoing social exclusion in subsequent periods). Distinguishing between the two processes is crucial since the policy implications are very different. The results suggest that both individual heterogeneity and true state dependence are related to the probability of experiencing social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Evolución en los procesos e itinerarios de las personas sin hogar en España: ¿Retorno al pasado?
- Author
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MUÑOZ, DOMINGO CARBONERO and VEGA, AGUSÍN RUIZ
- Subjects
HOMELESS persons ,HOMELESSNESS ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL marginality ,SPANISH social conditions ,PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL policy - Abstract
Copyright of EMPIRIA: Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Just Play Cognitive Modern Board and Card Games, It's Going to Be Good for Your Executive Functions: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Children at Risk of Social Exclusion.
- Author
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Moya-Higueras, Jorge, Solé-Puiggené, Marina, Vita-Barrull, Nuria, Estrada-Plana, Verónica, Guzmán, Núria, Arias, Sara, Garcia, Xesca, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, and March-Llanes, Jaume
- Subjects
EXECUTIVE function ,COGNITIVE flexibility ,RESEARCH ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,GAMES ,MANN Whitney U Test ,SOCIAL isolation ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,RESEARCH funding ,SHORT-term memory ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ATTENTION ,STATISTICAL sampling ,CONTROL groups ,INTELLIGENCE tests ,EVALUATION ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Modern board and card games are usually used for leisure. Few studies have focused on the type of game played in vulnerable populations. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of playing modern board and card games to enhance updating, inhibition, and flexibility in children at risk of social exclusion using games that activated specific basic executive functions. We developed a quadruple-blind randomized clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty-eight participants (7–12 years old) were divided into two experimental groups: 35 children played games that directly activated basic executive functions, and 33 played games that directly triggered other cognitive domains. The primary statistical analysis consisted of mixed models. We found significant time effects in cognitive flexibility and inhibition and, to a lesser extent, in working memory in both gaming groups. We analyzed the cognitive profile of the games and found that all the games activated basic executive functions significantly, irrespective of the experimental group. Therefore, it is possible that playing any type of modern board and card game (excluding games with a high incidence of luck) could be beneficial for children at risk of social exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. What tourists don't see: housing, concentration of poverty and ethnic conflict in a Spanish migrant ghetto.
- Author
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Martinez Veiga, Ubaldo
- Subjects
ETHNIC conflict ,POVERTY ,URBAN poor ,SOCIAL isolation ,CAPITALISM - Abstract
This article is a critique of the myth of 'concentrated poverty,' that blames urban ills on spatial morphology, presenting the city as a reified entity. Spatial fetishization neglects to consider the political economy that creates poverty and inequalities. Through the evolution of a ghetto in the Spanish Mediterranean coast, the article addresses spatial segregation, social isolation and territorial stigmatization of the urban poor. Three different contingents of residents-Spaniard, gypsies and Moroccan-are analyzed in their mutual relationships and in their dealings with local and regional governments that produce their neighborhood as a wasteland. Although these groups are strongly segregated among them, the space they inhabit carries a stigma that they share and sets them apart from the larger society. However, they are not isolated from but, on the contrary, fully embedded in the basic elements that constitute capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Genetic studies of neuropsychiatric disorders in Costa Rica: a model for the use of isolated populations.
- Author
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Mathews CA, Reus VI, Bejarano J, Escamilla MA, Fournier E, Herrera LD, Lowe TL, McInnes LA, Molina J, Ophoff RA, Raventos H, Sandkuijl LA, Service SK, Spesny M, León PE, and Freimer NB
- Subjects
- Attitude to Health, Bipolar Disorder epidemiology, Bipolar Disorder genetics, Chromosomes, Human genetics, Costa Rica epidemiology, Humans, Indians, Central American genetics, Mental Disorders genetics, Prejudice, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Schizophrenia genetics, Spain ethnology, Tourette Syndrome epidemiology, Tourette Syndrome genetics, Genetic Drift, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Models, Genetic, Social Isolation
- Abstract
The importance of genetics in understanding the etiology of mental illness has become increasingly clear in recent years, as more evidence has mounted that almost all neuropsychiatric disorders have a genetic component. It has also become clear, however, that these disorders are etiologically complex, and multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to their makeup. So far, traditional linkage mapping studies have not definitively identified specific disease genes for neuropsychiatric disorders, although some potential candidates have been identified via these methods (e.g. the dysbindin gene in schizophrenia; Straub et al., 2002; Schwab et al., 2003). For this reason, alternative approaches are being attempted, including studies in genetically isolated populations. Because isolated populations have a high degree of genetic homogeneity, their use may simplify the process of identifying disease genes in disorders where multiple genes may play a role. Several areas of Latin America contain genetically isolated populations that are well suited for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders. Genetic studies of several major psychiatric illnesses, including bipolar disorder, major depression, schizophrenia, Tourette Syndrome, alcohol dependence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, are currently underway in these regions. In this paper we highlight the studies currently being conducted by our groups in the Central Valley of Costa Rica to illustrate the potential advantages of this population for genetic studies.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Barriers to reintegration for Los Gitanos (Gypsies) in La Coruña, Spain: politics, the media and the Spanish community.
- Author
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Briggs, Daniel
- Subjects
ROMANIES ,POVERTY areas ,CRIME ,EMPLOYMENT discrimination ,DRUGS of abuse ,MAPS ,MASS media ,REHABILITATION of people with mental illness ,METROPOLITAN areas ,PRACTICAL politics ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL stigma ,ETHNOLOGY research ,QUALITATIVE research ,RELOCATION ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,SOCIAL attitudes ,HEALTH equity ,INDEPENDENT living - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on the barriers to reintegration for Gitano (Gypsy) communities in one northern Spanish city. Design/methodology/approach – The article is based on ethnographic research undertaken in Gitano communities throughout 2010. Findings – Over the last 30 years, the city has witnessed vast commercial and residential expansion, resulting in the spatial and social exclusion of Gitanos to the outskirts of the city. Here they have had to survive by reduced access to their livelihoods in city markets and increasingly through illicit drug markets and crime. It is only recently that there have been attempts to relocate these people back into the city. Yet the social reintegration efforts have only perpetuated the social exclusion of the Gitanos and there is significant community opposition to their relocation. Social implications – The council need to take more care in consulting Gitanos and seek to build the fragile relations they have with them before deciding on what "best to do about them". Originality/value – No ethnographic research has been undertaken in this city in the context of Gitanos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The Particularly Vulnerable Situation of Women Living Homeless in Madrid (Spain).
- Author
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Vázquez, José Juan, Panadero, Sonia, and Pascual, Isabel
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL isolation , *SOCIAL processes , *SOCIAL integration , *SOCIAL facts , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
People in homeless situation are one of the major embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and women living homeless are considered a particularly vulnerable group. This paper examines different variables that may affect the situation of vulnerability experienced by women living homeless in Madrid (Spain). The study was carried out using data obtained from a representative sample of homeless men in Madrid (n = 158) and a sample of homeless women in Madrid of a similar size (n = 138). The information was gathered using a structured interview in shelters or other facilities for people in a homeless situation, on the street and in other places not initially designed for sleeping. The results show that woman living homeless are highly vulnerable compared to the domiciled population and, in some respects, to homeless men as well, especially in the number of times homeless (χ2 = 10.314; p <.01), in the time working with a contract and/or self-employed (t = 5.754; p <.001), and in the use of sedatives (χ2= 14.741; p <.001). It is however noted that homeless women show in some aspects greater strengths than homeless men. Such strengths could serve as a supporting point for their social inclusion processes. The analysis of issues that differentiate women in a homeless situation from their male counterparts could be useful for developing public policies and care resources adapted to the specific characteristics and needs of women living homeless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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26. Students at Risk of Educational Exclusion in Compulsory Secondary Education: A Study on Good Practices within the Spanish Context.
- Author
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Fernández Batanero, José María and Guerrero, Antonio Bernal
- Subjects
EDUCATION policy ,SOCIAL marginality ,SOCIAL isolation ,EDUCATION ,SCHOOL failure ,SCHOOL attendance ,HIGH schools - Abstract
Guaranteeing success to all students appears to be against educational practices developed in most Spanish educational centres. The present paper gathers the conclusions of a research undertaken following "case study" method. Its main aim is identifying the differentiating elements which increase -in a considerable manner- the results and expectations of students at risk of educational exclusion in Secondary Education; aspects which may serve as reflection for those who manage and develop educational policies in Spain on the necessity of introducing certain modifications which promote and guarantee quality education for all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
27. La última red de protección social en España: prestaciones asistenciales y su activación.
- Author
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Arriba González de Durana, Ana and Pérez Eransus, Begoña
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PUBLIC welfare ,SOCIAL policy ,POVERTY ,SOCIAL isolation - Abstract
Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
28. The Working Class Youth's Rejection to School and the Educational Reform.
- Author
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Palomares, Francisco Fernández, Medina, Mar Venegas, and Echeverría, Carmen
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL marginality ,SOCIAL reproduction - Abstract
This research is part of a wider investigation within an Equal program, which focuses on different dimensions of social exclusion within the city of Granada. In our research, we started from the very concern of the social exclusion coming from school failure among working class students. It reminds us the long history within sociology that links education and social class; moreover, how school failure is more common within the working class. According to the data that manifests this fact, we wanted to go deeper the statistics in order to know these students' experience of school, as well as their experiences beyond the institution. As far as we can see it, we need to approach all the social agents involved within the educational process if we really want to understand what is happening in contemporary society in terms of school failure. Then, we have interviewed students, families and teachers. In this particular paper, we focus on school and non-school experiences of working class students. In linking both inner and outer school experience, we aspire to draw a general picture of how and why school failure takes place, given the fact that these students belong to the working class, and also taking into account both gender and ethnic dimensions of their experiences. On the other hand, we consider it is very important to try to understand how class, gender and ethnicity are interwoven in the manifestation of this researched social and educational phenomena. In relation to our theoretical approach, we draw on both the theories of social reproduction, especially Bourdieu's frame, as well as the microsocial theories which focus on social interaction and experience, particularly Willis' thought. Then, we move to the interrelation between both macro and micro sociological explanations in order to give account of how the social system is both reproduced and challenged/changed through social action. This latter proposal is approached from the theory of practice. In our work, we have attempted to offer a wide account of the three of our theoretical approaches through literal quotations taken from our students' interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
29. Socio-economic inequalities in lung cancer mortality in Spain: a nation-wide study using area-based deprivation.
- Author
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Redondo-Sánchez, Daniel, Fernández-Navarro, Pablo, Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel, Nuñez, Olivier, Petrova, Dafina, García-Torrecillas, Juan Manuel, Jiménez-Moleón, Jose Juan, and Sánchez, María-José
- Subjects
RURAL conditions ,LUNG tumors ,SEX distribution ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIOECONOMIC disparities in health ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,METROPOLITAN areas ,HEALTH equity - Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer mortality worldwide and in Spain. Several previous studies have documented socio-economic inequalities in lung cancer mortality but these have focused on specific provinces or cities. The goal of this study was to describe lung cancer mortality in Spain by sex as a function of socio-economic deprivation. Methods: We analysed all registered deaths from lung cancer during the period 2011–2017 in Spain. Mortality data was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics, and socio-economic level was measured with the small-area deprivation index developed by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology, with the census tract of residence at the time of death as the unit of analysis. We computed crude and age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants by sex, deprivation quintile, and type of municipality (rural, semi-rural, urban) considering the 2013 European standard population (ASR-E). We further calculated ASR-E ratios between the most deprived (Q5) and the least deprived (Q1) areas and mapped census tract smoothed standardized lung cancer mortality ratios by sex. Results: We observed 148,425 lung cancer deaths (80.7% in men), with 73.5 deaths per 100,000 men and 17.1 deaths per 100,000 women. Deaths from lung cancer in men were five times more frequent than in women (ASR-E ratio = 5.3). Women residing in the least deprived areas had higher mortality from lung cancer (ASR-E = 22.2), compared to women residing in the most deprived areas (ASR-E = 13.2), with a clear gradient among the quintiles of deprivation. For men, this pattern was reversed, with the highest mortality occurring in areas of lower socio-economic level (ASR-E = 99.0 in Q5 vs. ASR-E = 86.6 in Q1). These socio-economic inequalities remained fairly stable over time and across urban and rural areas. Conclusions: Socio-economic status is strongly related to lung cancer mortality, showing opposite patterns in men and women, such that mortality is highest in women residing in the least deprived areas and men residing in the most deprived areas. Systematic surveillance of lung cancer mortality by socio-economic status may facilitate the assessment of public health interventions aimed at mitigating cancer inequalities in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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30. Age-period-cohort analysis of lung cancer mortality inequalities in Southern Spain: missed opportunities for implementing equitable tobacco control policies.
- Author
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Córdoba-Doña, Juan Antonio, Benítez-Rodríguez, Encarnación, Escolar-Pujolar, Antonio, and Santos-Sánchez, Vanessa
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,AGE distribution ,LUNG tumors ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GOVERNMENT policy ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH equity ,SECONDARY analysis ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,TOBACCO - Abstract
Background: Lung cancer mortality in European countries shows different epidemiological patterns according to sex and socioeconomic variables. Some countries show decreasing rates in both sexes, while others show a delayed profile, with increasing mortality in women, inconsistently influenced by socioeconomic status. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of age, period and birth cohort on lung cancer mortality inequalities in men and women in Andalusia, the southernmost region in Spain. Methods: We used the Longitudinal Database of the Andalusian Population, which collects demographic and mortality data from the 2001 census cohort of more than 7.35 million Andalusians, followed up between 2002 and 2016. Mortality rates were calculated for men and women by educational level, and small-area deprivation. Poisson models were used to assess trends in socioeconomic inequalities in men and women. Finally, age-period-cohort (APC) models were used separately for each educational level and gender. Results: There were 39,408 lung cancer deaths in men and 5,511 in women, yielding crude mortality rates of 78.1 and 11.4 × 10
5 person-years, respectively. In men higher mortality was found in less educated groups and inequalities increased during the study period: i.e. the rate ratio for primary studies compared to university studies increased from 1.30 (CI95:1.18–1.44) to 1.57 (CI95:1.43–1.73). For women, educational inequalities in favour of the less educated tended to decrease moderately. In APC analysis, a decreasing period effect in men and an increasing one in women were observed. Cohort effect differed significantly by educational level. In men, the lower the educational level, the earlier the peak effect was reached, with a 25-year difference between the least-educated and college-educated. Conversely, college-educated women reached the peak effect with a 12-year earlier cohort than the least-educated women. The decline of mortality followed the same pattern both in men and women, with the best-educated groups experiencing declining rates with earlier birth cohorts. Conclusions: Our study reveals that APC analysis by education helps to uncover changes in trends occurring in different socioeconomic and gender groups, which, combined with data on smoking prevalence, provide important clues for action. Despite its limitations, this approach to the study of lung cancer inequalities allows for the assessment of gaps in historical and current tobacco policies and the identification of population groups that need to be prioritised for public health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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31. Essential Workers Balancing Life and Work during the COVID-19 Syndemic in Spain: A Qualitative and Gender-Based Study.
- Author
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Máiz-Mazuela, Catuxa, Medina-Perucha, Laura, Berenguera, Anna, López-Jiménez, Tomas, Rodríguez-Giralt, Israel, Cerezo Sepúlveda, Pablo, and Jacques-Aviñó, Constanza
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,OCCUPATIONAL achievement ,PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,LABOR productivity ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIAL workers ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL personnel ,WORK-life balance ,INTERVIEWING ,FLEXTIME ,SABBATICAL leave ,MENTAL health ,EXPERIENCE ,QUALITATIVE research ,PRIMARY health care ,SURVEYS ,EMPLOYEE assistance programs ,SOCIAL isolation ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,SOCIAL worker attitudes ,RESEARCH funding ,SOUND recordings ,WAGES ,JUDGMENT sampling ,THEMATIC analysis ,STAY-at-home orders ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SOCIAL responsibility ,VIDEO recording ,GENDER inequality - Abstract
Rationale. During the COVID-19 lockdown in Spain, healthcare workers have experienced productive work overload, as well as an increase in reproductive work, which has worsened their mental health. Little research has been done on nonhealthcare essential workers although they have been exposed to similar conditions. Objective. To explore the experiences of essential workers after the first year of the COVID-19 syndemic in Spain on work-life balance, considering different professions and reproductive work responsibilities. Methods. Exploratory qualitative study using a gender perspective. Eighteen semistructured interviews were conducted via telephone or videoconference between January and March 2021. Interviews included essential workers in healthcare, social work, food related, and other settings, eleven women and seven men. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results. The disposition of essential workers for reproductive work, task sharing, and work-life balance differed according to gender. Reproductive work was predominantly the responsibility of women; work-life balance was especially challenging for single-mother families and families with children. Being an essential worker, performing face-to-face productive work during lockdown seemed to allow a sense of "normality" and personal space. However, it appeared to lead to feelings of exhaustion due to unsustainable working conditions and pressure on reproductive work during the first year of the COVID-19 syndemic. A lack of social recognition was perceived, especially among social workers. Conclusion. This study raises awareness of the difficulties of combining productive work that has become essential with reproductive work in a context of extreme social isolation and little social and institutional support. It questions the role of women in reproductive work, brings visibility to professions such as social work, and highlights the need to improve their working conditions. It is urgent to implement policies to mitigate effects on mental health and its determinants in the short term and long term to reduce gender inequity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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32. Exploring the Relationship between Early Leaving of Education and Training and Mental Health among Youth in Spain.
- Author
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Guerrero-Puerta, Laura M. and Guerrero, Miguel A.
- Subjects
MENTAL health education ,YOUNG adults ,STUDENT aspirations ,YOUTH health ,OVERPRESSURE (Education) ,BULLYING ,MENTAL health - Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between Early Leaving Education and Training and mental health perceived by young Spanish school leavers, as well as develop mid-range theories to better understand this relationship. The study uses a grounded theory approach; specifically, Charmaz's constructivist approach and its informed version have guided the study. Through qualitative interviews with individuals who had left school prematurely, the results of this study showed a bidirectional relationship between ELET and mental health, where the detriment in the mental health of young people who leave school early should be understood as both a cause and an effect of the process of ELET. In addition, the findings suggest that certain socio-economic and educational factors, such as bullying, academic stress, self-responsibilization of failure, and labels such as "NEET" can contribute to a decrease in mental health. Overall, this study has provided new insights into the ELET-mental health relationship, contributing to the development of mid-range theories that can inform future research and interventions to minimize these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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33. The influence of leisure-based community activities on neighbourhood support and the social cohesion of communities in Spain.
- Author
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Morata, Txus, López, Paco, Marzo, Teresa, and Palasí, Eva
- Subjects
LEISURE ,SOCIAL participation ,NONPARAMETRIC statistics ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,STATISTICS ,SOCIAL support ,RESEARCH methodology ,SOCIAL workers ,COMMUNITIES ,QUANTITATIVE research ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL cohesion ,SOCIAL context ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL isolation ,CONFLICT (Psychology) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,CHI-squared test ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TEACHERS ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,DATA analysis software ,STATISTICAL sampling ,JUDGMENT sampling ,STATISTICAL correlation ,NEIGHBORHOOD characteristics ,SOCIAL integration - Abstract
To analyse the effects of leisure-based community activities in improving neighbourhood support and social cohesion, data were collected in two neighbourhoods of Barcelona (Spain) through questionnaires and interviews. The results indicate that promoting neighbourhood support requires a different strategy from promoting participation in leisure-based activities aimed at developing social cohesion within a community. The study also suggests various useful strategies to strengthen the effects of leisure-based community activities. The strategies recommended revolve around networking, use of the public space, recognition of diversity and conflict management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
34. #QuedateEnCasa: How did the Argentine and Spanish TV Industries React to the Outbreak of the COVID Pandemic in 2020?
- Author
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Cascajosa Virino, Concepción and Mendez Shiff, Pablo
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,TELEVISION broadcasting ,SOCIAL isolation ,AMERICAN cooking ,TEXTUAL criticism - Abstract
In March 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic hit the world, television industries had to rapidly adapt to the circumstances. While a substantial number of people were able to spend more time in front of their TVs, the executives had to make choices: should they tell stories about what was going on or should they try to create escapism? This article compares the responses given to these challenging times by the Argentine and Spanish television industries. Whereas both countries have long-standing cultural and economic ties, they differed in the length of their respective lockdowns, and this had an impact on the televisual answer to the crisis. In the case of Spain, commercial and public broadcasters and video-on-demand platforms produced half a dozen fiction series about the lockdown, focusing on the consequences of isolation and new social habits brought about by it. On the entertainment side, gossip talk-show Sálvame started to include public-service content in a remarkable transformation. Argentine free-to-air channels decided to re-run old telenovelas and focus on game and cooking adaptations of American and British formats (Family Feud, Masterchef, Bake Off). The public channel made just one online series about the "new normal" that had little success. By combining production studies with textual analysis, we hope to shed light on the responses given to the coronavirus crisis in two of the most important TV industries of the Spanish-speaking world on both sides of the Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
35. Needs and problems related to sociodemographic factors of informal caregiving of people with heart failure: A mixed methods study in three European countries.
- Author
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Durante, Angela, Cuoco, Angela, Boyne, Josiane, Brawner, Bridgette, Juarez‐Vela, Raul, Stasi, Serenella, Younas, Ahtisham, and Vellone, Ercole
- Subjects
HEART failure treatment ,RESEARCH ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,SERVICES for caregivers ,RESEARCH methodology ,PSYCHOLOGY of cardiac patients ,INTERVIEWING ,HEALTH status indicators ,UNCERTAINTY ,MEDICAL personnel ,COMMUNITY support ,SPOUSES ,SOCIAL isolation ,PATIENTS' families ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers ,SOUND recordings ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LONELINESS ,MENTAL depression ,RESEARCH funding ,NEEDS assessment ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,CONTENT analysis ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,THEMATIC analysis ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,DEPENDENCY (Psychology) ,HEART failure - Abstract
Aims: To explore caregivers' needs and problems in three European countries and associate the clusters of caregivers' needs with their sociodemographic characteristics. Design: A qualitative focused mixed methods design was used. Methods: In total, 52 caregivers of heart failure (HF) people were interviewed in three European countries between March 2017 and December 2018. Transcripts were analysed using the seven‐phase method of the exploratory multidimensional analysis according to Fraire with Reinert lexical classes findings were organized in dendrograms. Mayring's content analysis was also performed. Results: Three clusters of caregivers were identified: spouses, adult children and non‐family members. Caregivers not only provide HF patients with vital unpaid support for their physical and emotional needs, but they are continually trying to cope with their social isolation and deteriorating health. Conclusions: Informal caregiving emerged as a complex process influenced by various sociodemographic factors. Gender, relationship type and economic status are the important factors to be considered planning to develop approaches to address the needs of caregivers serving people with heart failure. Impact A comprehensive understanding of the nature of informal caregiving of individuals with heart failure, the complexity of the real‐world sociodemographic and cultural factors is warranted. The use of the EMDA method gave us the possibility of processing large masses of qualitative data through rapid, complex calculations. In detail, AATD allowed us to study in deep the significant fuzziness of what caregivers expressed and to analyse the content of the entire interviews and to produce global knowledge by using multi‐dimensional statistical methods to grasp the fundamental sense of the interviews, beyond the simple words. Three clusters were identified in the samples, including spouses, adult children and non‐family members. This study demonstrated that some sociodemographic characteristics could lead to everyday needs. Therefore, these demographic characteristics should be considered in developing targeted interventions. The research was conducted in Europe, but the technique shown can be replicated everywhere. The findings not only impact nursing but can be extended to all those stakeholders who concur with a public health educational mission. Patient or Public Contribution: Carers were involved in this study after the discharge of their loved ones or at the time of the outpatient visit. They were involved after they had been observed in their dynamics of involvement in caring of the familiars or friends with heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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36. An observational cohort study of longitudinal impacts on frailty and well‐being of COVID‐19 lockdowns in older adults in England and Spain.
- Author
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Garner, Ian W., Varey, Sandra, Navarro‐Pardo, Esperanza, Marr, Calum, and Holland, Carol A.
- Subjects
WELL-being ,FRAIL elderly ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,ANALYSIS of variance ,TELEPHONES ,PHYSICAL activity ,SOCIAL isolation ,NATIONAL health services ,T-test (Statistics) ,HEALTH behavior ,LONELINESS ,QUALITY of life ,REPEATED measures design ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,STAY-at-home orders ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LONGITUDINAL method ,OLD age - Abstract
To reduce the spread of COVID‐19, governments initiated lockdowns, limiting mobility and social interaction of populations. Lockdown is linked to health issues, yet the full impact on health remains unknown, particularly in more vulnerable groups. This study examined the impact on frailty and outcomes in high and low COVID‐19 risk older adults. We examined health‐related behaviours and support resources participants used during lockdown(s). Lockdown impacts in two countries were compared across four time points to examine impacts of different rules. We recruited 70 participants (aged >70 years) in England and Spain. Participants were allocated to higher or lower COVID‐19‐risk groups based on UK NHS guidelines. They completed assessments for frailty, quality‐of‐life, loneliness, exercise frequency and social interaction, coping resources and perception of age‐friendliness of their environment. The four assessments took place over a 7‐month period. Frailty was highest at Time 1 (most severe lockdown restrictions) and significantly higher in the Spanish group. It was lower at Time 3 (lowest restrictions), but did not continue to reduce for the English participants. Perceptions of the age friendliness of the environment matched these changes. Coping resources did not mitigate changes in frailty and outcomes over time, but more frequent physical activity predicted more reduction in frailty. Lockdown had a negative impact on frailty, increasing risk of adverse events for older people, but recovery once lockdowns are eased is evidenced. Further research is required to consider longer term impacts and methods to mitigate effects of lockdown on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Perspectivas y políticas sobre la juventud en desventaja en España: un análisis desde el enfoque de capacidades.
- Author
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Hueso, Andrés, Boni, Alejandra, and Belda-Miquel, Sergio
- Subjects
- *
YOUTH , *SOCIAL marginality , *YOUTH in politics , *SOCIAL isolation , *POLITICAL participation , *SOCIAL conditions of youth ,SPANISH social conditions - Abstract
With the crisis in Spain, the youth face a situation of multi-dimensional disadvantage. In this paper we analyse the perspectives of different stakeholders on this situation, as well as how these perspectives inform the design and implementation of public policies. We carried out a qualitative study with an innovative theoretical approach, the capability approach. We reviewed secondary sources and undertook 21 in-depth interviews with 21 key stakeholders. Evidences show that current policies affecting the youth have a narrow focus on job creation, overlooking the multiple disadvantages that today's young face. This situation is aggravated by the lack of participation in definition and implementation of policies, and by partisan interests and short-term strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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38. The Invisible Suffering of Young People during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and the Collateral Impact of Social Harm.
- Author
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Cordero Verdugo, Raquel Rebeca, Silva Esquinas, Antonio, and Pérez Suárez, Jorge Ramiro
- Subjects
YOUNG adults ,COVID-19 pandemic ,AGE groups ,EQUALITY ,DIGITAL divide ,SUFFERING ,SOCIAL isolation - Abstract
This article seeks to demonstrate how the lack of institutional involvement with young people during the pandemic had negative effects, stemming from a lack of clear and precise rules for the adolescent population. The consequences manifested themselves in such important areas as social relations, physical and mental health, affective–sexual relations, self-image and overexposure to social media. We present the results of two complementary pieces of research that provided us with insight into the behaviour of young people during lockdown. The young people were divided into two groups based on age: (1) middle adolescents aged 13 to 18 and (2) late adolescents aged 18 to 23. We adopted an integrative methodological approach based on surveys, digital ethnography and focus groups to extract the results, which produced the following findings: (1) an increase in social inequalities due to the technology gap; (2) a growth in mental health risks stemming from hyperconnectivity and overexposure to social media in order to avoid social isolation; and (3) an assimilation of anti-normative behaviours as valid in the absence of any points of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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39. Social Relations and the Comparative Historical Sociology of Exclusion.
- Author
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Dufour, Frédérick Guillaume
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL isolation , *SOCIAL marginality , *SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
This paper will address the social and international contexts within which different doctrines of exclusion were implemented: the regulation and exclusion of the *Conversos* in 15th century Spain; competing doctrines ofexclusion and inclusion of the Jews in Revolutionary France; and the social and political regulation of the Poles in 19th century Prussia. For each case, I will recast the contradictory social relations in which an institutionalized doctrine of exclusion mediated the social relations of specific social agencies. Through this comparative analysis, the political position of Torquemada, Alonso de Espina, l'Abbé Grégoire, Clermont-Tonnerre, and Max Weber will be analysed in turn. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
40. Technological Utopias: Loneliness and Rural Contexts in Western Iberia.
- Author
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Rivero Jiménez, Borja, Conde-Caballero, David, and Mariano Juárez, Lorenzo
- Subjects
SOCIAL isolation ,LONELINESS ,LIVING alone ,OLDER people ,RURAL population ,COMPUTER literacy ,UTOPIAS - Abstract
Background: Urbanisation and rural migration in some areas of Spain and Portugal have given rise to rural contexts largely defined by ageing and depopulation. Rural populations have suffered from increasing social isolation, with older people living alone in villages with very few inhabitants and limited access to services. The aim of this study is to analyse the extent to which technology serve as a strategy to improve social relations and how technology influences older adults' loneliness, its uses, meanings, experiences, and perceptions. Methods: Ethnographic research is conducted in several locations in the border area between Spain and Portugal, supported by semi-structured interviews with 17 rural subjects aged 65 years and older. Results: The results underline two main points. Participants' definitions point to loneliness as an experience built around nostalgia for those who are no longer there, where the disappearance of rituals in the community also leads to a lack of "social happiness". Conclusions: We note low levels of digital literacy skills and competence among our participants, with most of them rejecting any technology beyond analogue devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Loneliness and not living alone is what impacted on the healthcare professional's mental health during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain.
- Author
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Cabello, María, Izquierdo, Ana, and Leal, Itziar
- Subjects
CROSS infection prevention ,WORK environment ,STATISTICS ,COVID-19 ,INDUSTRIAL safety ,PRESS ,SOCIAL support ,ANALYSIS of variance ,CROSS-sectional method ,ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,QUARANTINE ,SELF-evaluation ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,MENTAL health ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,CROSS infection ,FEAR ,SOCIAL isolation ,SURVEYS ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,LONELINESS ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,RESEARCH funding ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,HEALTH ,INFORMATION resources ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STATISTICAL sampling ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
The present study is aimed at exploring the role of loneliness in the healthcare professionals' mental health during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Spain. A total of 1,421 healthcare professionals who were in contact with at least one positive COVID‐19 patient participated in a cross‐sectional online survey from April to June 2020. Mental health was measured with the General Health Questionnaire‐12, and loneliness was assessed with the 3‐item UCLA Loneliness Scale. More than 80% of participants showed a certain prone to experience mental health problems, and 90% felt that they had not enough workplace protective measures to manage COVID‐19 patients. Presence of loneliness was positively related to higher mental health problems after controlling for other covariates. Other factors related to higher mental health problems were a higher COVID‐19 risk perception, being in quarantine, checking COVID‐19‐related news several times a day and having a lower training on managing infectious diseases. Neither living alone, nor supervisor social support, were related to healthcare professionals' mental health. Results suggest that the impact of COVID‐19 in terms of mental health in the healthcare professionals could be more related to subjective appraisals of social isolation rather than to be physically alone. There were also a variety of cognitive, behavioural and training‐related factors that were associated with the healthcare professionals' mental health, and that should be potentially managed in the mental healthcare interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences between seven European countries and between children with and without mental health conditions.
- Author
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Thorell, Lisa B., Skoglund, Charlotte, de la Peña, Almudena Giménez, Baeyens, Dieter, Fuermaier, Anselm B. M., Groom, Madeleine J., Mammarella, Irene C., van der Oord, Saskia, van den Hoofdakker, Barbara J., Luman, Marjolein, de Miranda, Débora Marques, Siu, Angela F. Y., Steinmayr, Ricarda, Idrees, Iman, Soares, Lorrayne Stephane, Sörlin, Matilda, Luque, Juan Luis, Moscardino, Ughetta M., Roch, Maja, and Crisci, Giulia
- Subjects
PARENT attitudes ,HOME environment ,ONLINE education ,TEACHER-student relationships ,SPECIAL education ,SOCIAL support ,SOCIAL media ,PARENTS of children with disabilities ,MENTAL health ,DOMESTIC violence ,SOCIAL isolation ,SCHOOLS ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TEACHERS ,ALCOHOL drinking ,POLICY sciences ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MENTAL illness ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine parental experiences of homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic in families with or without a child with a mental health condition across Europe. The study included 6720 parents recruited through schools, patient organizations and social media platforms (2002 parents with a child with a mental health condition and 4718 without) from seven European countries: the UK (n = 508), Sweden (n = 1436), Spain (n = 1491), Belgium (n = 508), the Netherlands (n = 324), Germany (n = 1662) and Italy (n = 794). Many parents reported negative effects of homeschooling for themselves and their child, and many found homeschooling to be of poor quality, with insufficient support from schools. In most countries, contact with teachers was limited, leaving parents with primary responsibility for managing homeschooling. Parents also reported increased levels of stress, worry, social isolation, and domestic conflict. A small number of parents reported increased parental alcohol/drug use. Some differences were found between countries and some negative experiences were more common in families with a child with a mental health condition. However, differences between countries and between families with and without a mental health condition were generally small, indicating that many parents across countries reported negative experiences. Some parents also reported positive experiences of homeschooling. The adverse effects of homeschooling will likely have a long-term impact and contribute to increased inequalities. Given that school closures may be less effective than other interventions, policymakers need to carefully consider the negative consequences of homeschooling during additional waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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43. La economía política de la concertación social territorial en España y la inclusión/exclusión de la economía social en un contexto de crisis. Análisis especial de los Pactos Territoriales en el País Valenciano.
- Author
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Bono, Juan R. Gallego and Campos, Josep V. Pitxeri
- Subjects
- *
NONPROFIT sector , *FINANCIAL crises , *SOCIAL integration , *SOCIAL isolation , *ECONOMIC development , *SAVINGS , *COOPERATIVE societies - Abstract
Crises require the invention of institutions that make it possible to combine capital accumulation and social progress. Given the values and principles they express, greater development of cooperatives and the social economy and of their integration with the socio-economic system could improve the creativity and long-term prospects of the latter. So why does the social economy not play a more active part in social concertation in Spain or in the Valencia Region of this country? Based on an evolutionist/regulationist theoretical framework, this situation is ascribed both to the participants' lack of support or opposition to the entry of new actors and to the organisational weakness of the cooperative movement itself. However, this paper shows that when social economy organisations take part in the social concert of a geographical area they make a difference, helping to bring about significant achievements in the areas of local development and structural change. This points to future lines of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
44. ¿Por qué es importante el género en la Pedagogía Crítica?
- Author
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Aguilar, Consol
- Subjects
CRITICAL pedagogy ,EQUALITY ,EDUCATIONAL change ,LIBERALISM ,FEMINISM & education ,SEX discrimination in education ,SOCIAL isolation - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado is the property of Asociacion Universitaria de Formacion del Profesorado (AUFOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
45. La situación sociolaboral de los migrantes internacionales en la agricultura: irregularidad laboral y aislamiento social.
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Pedro Izcara Palacios, Simón
- Subjects
- *
MIGRANT labor -- Social conditions , *MIGRANT labor , *SOCIAL isolation , *MOROCCANS , *MEXICANS , *AGRICULTURAL industry employees , *MIGRANT agricultural workers , *FOREIGN workers , *ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Migrant farm workers figure among the poorest people living in the agricultural counties of the United States and Spain. Migrant farm laborers live in remote areas; suffer from malnutrition, low pay, a high mobile lifestyle, difficult working conditions and precarious living environments. Furthermore, farming operates outside the formal labor market as it constitutes a refuge for illegal immigrants, and social isolation has been reported as one of the main causes of distress among immigrant farm workers. This paper analyses comparatively the situation of labor irregularity and social isolation of Tamaulipas' farm workers employed in US agriculture and Moroccan workers engaged in Andalusia's farming sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
46. РОЛЯТА НА МИКРООБЩНОСТТА ПРИ ПРЕОДОЛЯВАНЕ НА КРИЗИ.
- Author
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Попчева, Юлия
- Subjects
SOCIAL isolation ,COVID-19 pandemic ,HOME detention ,SOCIAL context ,MENTAL health ,LONELINESS - Abstract
In the spring of 2020, societies have faced the pandemic of COVID-19. A social isolation for months has been part of the restrictions needed to get along with the situation. Contacts have been transferred almost entirely to the Internet, isolating people from their common social environment. The article explores the role of microcommunities in overcoming the negative consequences of this confinement in the narrow home space for Bulgarian migrants in France and Spain, from emotional and psychological perspective. Models of maintaining the sense of belonging and the influence of the group upon personal mental health are sought. The study has been conducted in Bordeaux, France and online, during the period March - June 2020. It reveals how small groups and communities become sustainable environments for dealing not only with everyday problems, but also with the consequences of physical and sociocultural loneliness during crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
47. Intensive care nurses' experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study.
- Author
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Fernández‐Castillo, Rafael‐Jesús, González‐Caro, María‐Dolores, Fernández‐García, Elena, Porcel‐Gálvez, Ana‐María, and Garnacho‐Montero, José
- Subjects
MEDICAL quality control ,RESEARCH ,INTENSIVE care nursing ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,PSYCHOLOGY of nurses ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,SOCIAL isolation ,CONTENT analysis ,THEMATIC analysis ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Background: Because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, health care systems worldwide are working under challenging conditions. Patients, who are seriously ill, require intensive care admission. In fighting COVID‐19, nurses are frontline health care workers and, as such, have a great responsibility providing needed specialized patient care in intensive care units (ICU). However, working conditions and emotional factors have an impact on the quality of the care provided. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to explore and describe the experiences and perceptions of nurses working in an ICU during the COVID‐19 global pandemic. Study design: Qualitative research was undertaken, using an empirical approach and inductive content analysis techniques. Methods: The selected population consisted of ICU nurses from a tertiary teaching hospital in Spain. Data were obtained via semi‐structured videocall interviews from Apr 12th to Apr 30th, 2020. Subsequently, transcribed verbatims were analysed using the template analysis model of Brooks. Findings: A total of 17 nurses comprised the final sample after data saturation. Four main themes emerged from the analysis and 13 subthemes: "providing nursing care," "psychosocial aspects and emotional lability," "resources management and safety" and "professional relationships and fellowship." Conclusion: Providing health care by intensive care nursing professionals, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, has shown both strong and weak points in the health care system. Nursing care has been influenced by fear and isolation, making it hard to maintain the humanization of the health care. Relevance to clinical practice: Implications for practice include optimizing resource management (human and material), providing psychological support, and adequate training for ICU nurses, as well as high‐quality protocols for future emergency situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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48. Postcolonial Bonds? Latin American Origins, Discrimination, and Sense of Belonging to Spain.
- Author
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Lobera, Josep
- Subjects
LATIN Americans ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL disorganization ,SOCIAL services - Abstract
The present study examines the costs of discrimination and cultural-linguistic differences for the development of migrants' sense of belonging to the receiving society. Focusing on Latin Americans in Spain allows shedding light on the cultural and linguistic mechanisms involved in this process. Migration scholars have long recognized the importance of belonging as a key indicator of integration. An analysis of belonging has clear relevance to settlement policies and programs to prevent social fragmentation or isolation of immigrants. This article takes a fresh approach to explore the development of migrants' sense of belonging to the receiving society by drawing on an original survey data set collected in 25 highly diverse territories in Spain (N = 2,648). The results show that cultural and linguistic affinity matter: There is a greater predisposition among immigrants born in Latin America to identify themselves as Spaniards, compared with other immigrant groups. However, self-reported discrimination and deficient residential settings seem to be hindering the development of a significant feeling of belonging to Spain, also among Latin Americans. Public policies aimed at decreasing discrimination against migrants, as well as improving migrant neighborhoods, will favor the integration of these immigrants and their descendants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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49. Expert endorsement and the legitimacy of public policy. Evidence from Covid19 mitigation strategies.
- Author
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Bogliacino, Francesco, Charris, Rafael, Gómez, Camilo, Montealegre, Felipe, and Codagnone, Cristiano
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,COVID-19 ,REWARD (Psychology) ,EPISTEMIC uncertainty ,LEGITIMACY of governments - Abstract
During a pandemic, the government requires active compliance by citizens. While these demands can be enforced with rewards and punishments, legitimacy allows the government to achieve the same results with greater cost effectiveness. The way in which a government can acquire substantive legitimacy depends on how it communicates and justifies its decisions. In this article, we measure revealed legitimacy, via approval of three potential mitigation strategies against Covid19, when they are defended using expert endorsement, consultation by civil society, and mediation between opposing interests. Our methodological choice was to randomly assign participants to either a non-conflicting priming or to one that emphasizes the risks involved, (e.g. connection between health and economy, uncertainty, and economic costs). The data come from an online experiment we conducted as part of a longitudinal study in several countries. The countries included are Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. The results show that the support of experts in non-controversial domains is preferred (consensus of value, low uncertainty, diffuse rents). Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that citizen deliberation is not preferred under high epistemic uncertainty, and mediation is either indifferent or not preferred under conflict of value and conflict of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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50. Loneliness Among the Elderly in Rural Contexts: A Mixed-Method Study Protocol.
- Author
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Rivero Jiménez, Borja, Conde-Caballero, David, and Juárez, Lorenzo Mariano
- Subjects
LONELINESS ,SOCIAL marginality ,OLDER people ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL interaction ,RURAL housing - Abstract
Loneliness among the elderly has become a pressing issue in Western societies. In the Spanish context, the problem of the so-called "empty" Spain disproportionately affects this population group—elderly individuals living in rural areas with low population density, and therefore at higher risk of social exclusion and isolation. We introduce here a mixed-method, quantitative-qualitative research protocol, triangulated with technological tools, designed to improve both data acquisition and subsequent data analysis and interpretation. This study will take place in a rural locality in the Extremadura region (Spain), chosen according to a particular socio-demographic profile. The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale will be used on a cohort of 80 people over 65 years old. Within this cohort, a smaller sample of 20–30 individuals will be selected for semi-structured interviews about their beliefs and experiences of loneliness. Finally, data gathered from technological tools (smartbands, Bluetooth sensors) will allow us to monitor social interactions and to map daily loneliness/interaction patterns. Data will be triangulated by analyzing and comparing the empirical material gathered through these different methods and tools. Strict adherence to ethical standards for data protection and handling will be essential through data collection and analysis. As well as providing insights into the phenomenon of loneliness in old age, the use of different methods and tools for data collection will provide the basis for an epistemological reflection on the scope and limits of each one of these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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